involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her
own starboard side shall keep out of the way of the other.
Art. 2U. When a steam vessel and a sailing vessel are pro-
ceeding in such directions as to involve risk of collision, the
steam vessel shall keep out of the way of the sailing vessel.
Art. 21. Wliere by any of these rules one of two vessels is
558 APPENDIX.
to keep out of tlie way, tlie other shall keep her course and
sjieed.
Art. 22. Every vessel which is directed by these Eules to
keep out of the way of another vessel shall, if the circum-
stances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other.
Art. 23. Every steam vessel which is directed by these
Rules to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, on
approaching her, if necessary, slacken her speed or stop and
reverse.
Art. 24. Notwithstanding anything contained in these Rules,
every vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of
the overtaken vessel.
Every vessel coming up with another vessel from any direc-
tion more than two points abaft her beam, i.e., in such a
position with reference to the vessel which she is overtaking
that at night she would be unable to see either of that vessel's
side-lights, shall be deemed to be an overtaking vessel ; and
no subsequent alteration of bearing between the two vessels
shall make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the
meaning of these Rules, or relieve her of the duty of keeping
clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear.
As by day the overtaking vessel cannot always know with
certainty whether she is forward of or abaft this direction from
the other vessel, she should, if in doubt, assume that she is an
overtaking vessel and keep out of the way.
Art. 25. In narrow channels every steam vessel shall, when
it is safe and practicable, keep to that side of the fairway or
midchannel which lies on the starboard side of such vessel.
Art. 20. Sailing vessels under way shall keep out of the
way of sailing vessels or boats fishing with nets, or lines, or
trawls. This Rule shall not give to any vessel or boat
engaged in fishing the right of obstructing a fairway used by
vessels other than fishing vessels or boats.
Art. 27. In obeying and construing these Rides due regard
shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision, and to
any special circumstances which may render a departure from
the above Rules necessary in order to avoid immediate danger.
Sound Signals for T^essels in sic/ht of one another.
Art. 28. The words "short blast" used in this Article shall
mean a blast of about one second's duration.
When vessels are in sight of one another, a steam vessel
under way, in taking any course authorized or required by
these Rules, shall indicate that course by the following signals
on her whistle or siren, viz. : —
One short blast to mean, " I am directing my course to
starboard."
WASHINGTON (I'llOl'oSHOj lii;(. L' l.Al IONS. 559
Two short blasts to mean, "I am directirif? my cours(! to port."
Three sliort bhists to mean, "My eugiuos are going full
speed astern."
No Vessel under (un/ circumstances to yieylect proper precautions.
Art. 29. Notliing in these Eules shall exonerate any vessel,
or the owner, or master, or crew thereof, from the conso-
qnences of any neglect to carry lights or signals, or of any
neglect to kee[) a prcjper look-out, or of the neglect of any
precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice
of seamen, or by the special circumstances of tlio ease.
Reservation of Rules for Harbours and Inland Naviyation.
Art. 30. Nothing in tliese Eules shall interfere with the
operation of a special rule duly made by local authority rela-
tive to the navigation of any harboiu-, river, or inland water.
Distress Signals.
Art. 31. When a vessel is in distress, and requires assist-
ance from oilier vessels or from the shore, the foUowing shall
be the signals to be used or displayed by her, either together
or separately, viz. : —
In the daytime —
(1) A gun lired at intervals of about a minute.
(2) The International Code signal of distress indicated
by N. C.
(3) The distant signal, consisting of a square flag having
either above; or below it a ball, or auytliing re-
sembling a ball.
(4) Eockets or shells as prescribed below for use at night.
(5) A continuous sounding with any fog signal apparatus.
At night —
(1) A gun fired at intervals of about a minute.
(2) Flames on the vessel (as from a burning tar barrel,
oil barrel, &c.).
(3) Eockets or shells bursting in the air with a loud
report, and throwing stars of any colour or descrip-
tion, tired one at a time at slu)rt intervals.
(4) A continuous sounding with any fog signal apparatus.
560
APPENDIX.
LOCAL RULES
{Li Alphabetical Order of t lie Rivers and Places to lohich they
relate).
BELFAST.
The bye-laws and regulatious in force at Belfast, made, it seems, under
10 & 11 Vict. c. 52 (Local), are as follows: —
§ G7. That, when steam vessels on different courses must
unavoidably or necessarily pass so near that by continuing
their respective courses there would be a risk of coming in
collision, the helm of each vessel shall be put to port, so that
the one shall always pass on the larboard or port side of the
other. Penalty for breach of this bye-law, a sum not exceed-
ing five pounds for each offence.
§ 68. That a steam vessel passing another in the Channel
and going in same direction shall always leave the vessel she
is passing on the larboard or port hand, under a penalty of a
sum not exceeding five pound for each offence.
§ 69. That, when two such vessels are proceeding in the
same direction, either coming up or going down, the vessel
astern shall on no account attempt to pass, when there is so
little room from vessels being in the way, or other causes, as
to occasion a risk of damage ; and that the vessel ahead shall,
when the other is passing, keep well over on the larboard or
port side, and in no part of the Channel or harbour must she
be allowed to cross the course of the vessel passing. Penalty
for breach of any part of this bye-law, a sum not exceeding
five pounds for each offence.
§ 70. That no tug-steamer shall take more than four vessels
in tow at one time, nor have more than two abreast, under a
penalty of a sum not exceeding five pounds for each offence.
§§ 72 and 73. [Steamers to slow tlieir engines in certain parts
of tlie river and xohen passing dredgers.)
ADDITIONAL EULES.
1st. That, when steamers are likely to meet at, or near the
Holy wood Lighthouse, the oiifgoiNg steamer {'^heing the one
which has the other on lier own starboard side") shall wait
LOCAL RULES. 561
Tintil the incnmlng steamer has come round far enough to give Local rules
her a clear course. (Belfast).
2nd. Tliat no steamer shall swing in the harbour at such a
time as to interfere with the arrival or departure of any other
steamer.
.'3rd. Tliat no irregular or casual trading steamer shall leave
at a time that will interfere with or cause delay to an adver-
tised steamer.
4th. That when two or mtn-e steamers are advertised to sail
at the same time, the steamer which lies furthest down the
harhour, or seawards, is expected to sail first, and in no case
is the steamer Avliich lies further up tlie harbour to leave her
berth before the other furtlier down, unless ordered to do so
by the harbour-master or his deputy, or until the master has
ascertained, by sounding his steam-whistle, that the other
steamer is not ready to leave {d).
CAEEON EIVEE (GEANGEMOUTH).
The following rules, dated ISth January, 1873, were made under the Carron river
local Acts 4 & Vict. c. 55, and 30 & 31 Vict. c. 106 :—
1. {Limits of harbour.)
2. When vessels navigating the Carron river, proceeding in
opposite directions, approach each other, they shall put their
holms to port, and keep as near as possible to the right or
starboard side of the river, so as to atford all possible facility
for passing each other.
3. (Shijjs and owners responsible for damage to river works,
4. {Preparation for docldmj ; sails furled, &;c.)
5. No vessel shall lie or be moored at the entrance of the
docks or harbour, or in the Carron river, so as to interrupt or
impede the navigation.
6. No vessel shall enter the docks or harbour under sail,
but must be warped in after having been brought up by
hawsers run out to the palls on eitlier side of the river. When
there is a strong east wind or flood-tide, all vessels must have
an anchor ready to let go, if necessary, after passing the
mouth of Grangeburn.
{d) Wlien a steam-whistle is to sound her whistle in reply, (/
sounded by a steamer lying: fm-thcr she is ready to start, but to remain
up the harbour to ascertain whether silent if not ready, in wliich case
the river be clear, it will be the the upper steamer 3nay leave,
duty of the steamer further down
M. (, u
562 APPENDIX.
Local rules 7. ( Vessels not to attempt to enter or leave the harbour, except
(Curronriver). at proper state of tide.)
* * *- * a-
10. Steam vessels, -while entering or leaving, or while in
the Carron river, shall proceed at a rate not exceeding half-
speed, and shall go at dead slow on approaching other vessels
or when passing the dredging machine or punts.
1 1 . Steam vessels shall not enter the entrance lock with too
much way, or at a speed that would necessitate the backing of
their engines ; and shall be provided with proper check ropes,
and use the same so as to prevent the vessel striking against
the lock gates.
12. {Ships to carry the regulation lights.)
13. No vessel shall enter or leave the dock or harbour, ex-
cept in the presence of the harbour master or his assistant.
•::• •!{• i- H- ^>-
24. (Orders of harbour master or assistant to be obeyed.)
^- * â– :;. n^ i:-
46. In case of damage being done to any of the company's
(Caledonian Eailway Co.) works by vessels, rafts, or vehicles,
the same shall be detained until satisfaction be made or suffi-
cient security be found for payment.
51. (Owner or master to be liable for damage and disobedience
by J} er sons on board.)
THE CLYDE.
The Clyde. Bye-laws of 6th August, 1889, made under 21 & 22 Vict. c. 149 (Local),
and 50 Vict. sess. 2, c. 8 (Local).
1. (Vessels over sixty tons to have pilot.)
2. (In daytime one hand, at night and in fog two hands, on the
look-out.)
3. (Steam vessel or dredger turning or tmable to heep out of the
toay to sound four or more blasts or strokes of her bell ; there-
upon the other vessel to keep out of the ivay.)
4. (Yards to be peaked; boivsprits and jibbooms run in or
topped.)
5. (Anchors to be laid so as not to interfere ivith fairivay.
Boivsprits and jibbooms of vessels aground to be rigged in.)
6. ( Vessels not to anchor or moor above Bowling, or inside
the river ivalls.)
7. (Small boats prohibited in certain parts of the river.)
8. (Scows to have coamings eighteen inches high.)
LOCAL RULES. 563
1 1 . (A I niyhtand in dense fog speed not to exceed four miles an Local rules
hour.) ('file Clyde).
*****
14. When steam vessels proceeding in opposite directions
are approacliing one another, each shall, when witliin fifty
yards of the other, slow her engines, and each shall alter her
course to starboard, so that each shall pass to the jiort side of
the other.
15. When two steam vessels are proceeding in the same
direction, hut with unequal speed, the slower vessel shall,
when about to be overtaken, bo kept sufficiently to the left or
port side of the channel as to leave a free passage for the
faster vessel, and shall bo slowed, and, if necessary, the engines
stopped, as soon as the faster vessel comes within fifty yards
of her; and the engines of the faster vessel shall also be
slowed, when within fifty yards of the slower vessel, until the
latter shall bo passed ; and it shall bo sufficient intimation to
the slower vessel of the faster vessel's purpose of passing her
that the boll of the faster vessel be twice rung and her engine
whistle bo twice sounded ; but the faster vessel shall not
attempt to pass the slower until the latter shall have given
her room to pass safely. Failing that being done, the person
in charge of the faster vessel shall report the offence to the
pilot board in order that such offence may be dealt with.
Note. — The faster vessel should not claim to pass the slower
at a narrow or otherwise difficult part of the river, and only
when the course is free of other passing vessels.
1 6. A steam vessel meeting or overtaking any sailing vessel,
or tug with sailing vessel or timber raft in tow, shall slow her
engines when within fifty yards of such vessels, and shall
continue slowing until she shall have passed the same ; and
when about to pass any vessel aground or at anchor shall
slow her engines at least 150 yards from such vessel, and so
continue until she shall have passed the same.
17. Every vessel when being overtaken by another vessel
after dark shall show from her stem a white light until the
other vessel shall have passed.
18. Vessels coming out of dock shall signify the same by a
prolonged blast of the steam whistle of not less than five
seconds' duration, and in cases where a vessel is not under
steam the tug boat in attendance shall make the same
signal.
19. Every steam vessel under her own steam, crossing from
one side of the river towards the other side, shall keep out of
the way of vessels navigating up and down the river.
20. {Steamships to go dead slow past dredging machines,
diriiig bells, and river tcorks.)
oo2
564 APPENDIX.
Local rales 21. (Steamships to no dead slow past notice boards to that
(The tlyile\ effect.)
22, 61, and 102. (Stea77ishi])s to go dead slow in certain parts
of the river.)
23. {Tugs not to tow vessels alongside or ahrcast of each
other, except certain small craft ; tow not to exceed 160 yards in
length.)
25, (Order of her thing of vessels arriving together at a ivharf.)
32. Every vessel when on tlie river shall conform to the
Board of Trade Rules with regard to lights ; and every vessel
moored to the bnoys shall, between snnset and sunrise, have
a white light exhibited in a globular lantern of not less than
eight inches in diameter, placed in a conspicuous situation,
and raised at least twelve feet above the deck, so as to show a
clear, uniform, and unbroken light all round the horizon.
33. (Sunken vessel to be lit by two red lights and a white
light. A look-out man to be on board or in a boat, and to shoio
red flags in daytime.)
As to Launches.
34. (Two small boats to lie in the river 200 yards above and
beloiv the launch; pilot of launch to show red flag ivlth '•''launch''''
in xohite letters five minutes before launch; the boats thereupon
to show similar flags ; no craft in the river to j^^iss boats so
signalling until launch is over ; if launcJi delayed, pilot to show
rvh'ite flag and boats to withdraw their red flags ; twenty-four
hours' notice of launch to be given to harbour -master ; delay of
traffic by launch.)
■* ' ■};• is- * *
110. (Horse boats and steam ferry boats to carry ivhite light
twelve feet above the deck.)
A code of rules dated 9th Febiiiary, 1859, confirmed on the 11th April,
1859, and made under 10 Vict. c. 27 (Local), and 21 & 22 Vict. c. 149
(Local), by the Clyde Pilot Board, contains the following directions : —
11. (Vessels not to anchor in the fairioay of the Firth.)
12. All vessels proj)elled by the power of steam, or sailing
with a fair wind and falling in with vessels beating to wind-
ward, shall alter their course in sufficient time to pass astern
of the vessel so beating. All vessels beating to windward,
and meeting on opj)osito tacks, shall avoid getting foul of
each other by the vessel on the starboard tack keeping to the
wind, and the vessel on the port tack bearing up so as to pass
easily astern of the other — all under a penalty of bl.
LOCAL RULES. 565
13. (^Steamship not to voce, or pass witJii)i fij'h/ yards of one Local niles
ahead.) " ' ' * (The Clyde).
14. (Appears to require the lit/his described in the Regulations
for Preventing Collisions at Sea, made under 25 ^' 26 I'ict. c. 63,
to be carried.)
COEK.
The bye-laws and regulations of 9th June, 1869, for pi'cvcnting col- Cork,
li-sious, in force at Cork (under 1 Geo. IV. c. 52, and the Cork Harbour
Amendment Act, 180G), are substantially the same as the General Regu-
lations. There are, however, some variations and additions, the principal
of which are as follows: — The local rules are expressly made applicable to
steam and sailing lighters; the fog-horn or bell is to be sounded once
eveiy minute ; and there arc special provisions for speed when passing
dredgers and other craft, and ft)r the navigation of rafts of timber. Kulcs
85, 89, 90, and 91, arc as follows: —
85. When any steam vessels moving in opposite directions
shall approach each other, the masters shall respectively slow
engines as soon as such vessels shall come within one hundred
yards of each other, and shall cause the respective vessels to
keep as near as they can towards the side of the river to the
right or starboard, so as to afford all possible facility to each
other to pass.
89. Every steam vessel, "when navigating any narrow
channel, shall, Avhenever it is safe and practicable, keep to
that side of the fairway or midchannel, which lies on the
starboard side of such steam vessel.
90. No steam vessel shall race, or attempt or strive or race,
the one against the other; nor shall any steam vessel attempt
to come in the wake of another steam vessel between Horse-
head and the sea, nor pass one proceeding in the same direc-
tion, except at a safe distance ; and the slower moving vessel
shall allow the faster moving vessel freely to pass.
91. The master, or other person in charge of steam vessels,
shall not proceed at any greater speed than quarter speed in
any part of the river west of the east end of Myrtle Hill
Terrace.
DUBLIN.
Bye-laws made under the Dublin Port and Docks Act, 1869, and con- Dublin,
finned on the 2nd December, 1884, provide that : —
1. {All vessels to navigate on the starboard side of midchannel.)
2. ( Vessels crossing to their wrung side do so at their own
risk.)
566
APPENDIX.
Local niles
(Dublin).
Holyhead.
3. (^Ovrrtahcn steamer to licep on starboard side and allow
other vessel to pass.)
4. {Ships'' lights to he those of the Regulations for Preventing
Collisions at Sea.)
5. {Ships at anchor to exhibit a white light not more than
tic enty feet from deck; to ring bell in fog.)
6. {Steamships to go sloiv, quarter speed, or stop engines at
certai?i places.)
8. (Ships not to anchor between Poolby Lighthouse and
Custom House.
GEANGEMOUTH. {See Careon Eivee.)
HOLYHEAD.
At Holyhead, by Regulations of the 1st December, 1877, issued by order
of the Board of Trade, and signed by the harbour-master, ships are
warned against bringing up outside the breakwater, or in the fairway,
where they are in the track of packets ; if unavoidably brought up ia the
faii'way masters are particularly requested to exhibit two riding lights,
one at the peak and one forward ; when navigating the fairway at night
vessels should bui-n a flare-up or bright light ; small vessels should come
into the harbour of refuge and leave the outer anchorage for large ships ;
vessels riding in the harbours or roadsteads are to exhibit the Regulation
riding Ught ; vessels are not to enter the inner harbour at a high rate of
speed, or endanger the packets alongside the jetties ; in bad weather
vessels are to be securely anchored and made snug ; coming round the
breakwater vessels are to go at reduced speed, as they are coming round
a blind comer ; the mail packets burn a red flashing light when rounding
the breakwater ; and when swinging and blocking the entrance the red
flash light is burnt and fog-bell sounded ; when the harbour is clear a
green flash light is burnt.
HUMBEE.
Humber. '^^'•^ following rules were made under the powers of 25 & 26 Vict. c. 63,
by Order in Council of 8th February, 1890 («). They are to bo read in
connection with ndes made by Order in Council of 7th March, 1887. An
infringement of them brings a ship within the penalty of 35 & 36 Vict.
c. 85, s. 17 ; The Ri2)on, 10 P. D. 65.
I. All vessels, as well sailing vessels as steamers (except
dumb-craft), while navigating, or anchored, or moored in the
Eiver Humber, or in any part of the Eiver Ouse below the
North Eastern Eailway bridge crossing the Eiver Ouse at or
[a] See London Gazette, 1890, Vol. 1, p. 796.
LOCAL RULES. 56'i
near Hook, or in any part of tlio Uivor Tront, at or helow Local rules
Gainsboruugli, shall observe and obey the " liej^^ulutious for (liii"'Li^-»'J-
Preventing Collisions at Sea," set out in the first schedule
annexed to an Order in Council made in pursuance of and for
the time being in force under the Merchant Shipping Act
Amendment Act, 18G2, or any statutory modification thereof,
with the exceptions and additions made in the following
Hulcs.
II. All vessels as aforesaid when at anchor in the River
Plumber, or in any part of the Eiver Ouse below the North
Eastern Railway bridge crossing the River Ouse at or near
Hook, or in any part of the River Trent at or below Gains-
borough, shall, between sunset and sunrise, instead of tho
light prescribed by Art. 8 of the said Regulations, exhibit
from the forestay, or otherwise near the bow of tho vessel,
where it can best be seen, a white light in a globular lantern
of eight inches in diameter, and so constructed as to show a
clear, uniform, and unbroken light visible all round tho
horizon at a distance of at least one mile ; and in addition
thereto, all vessels having two or more masts shall exhibit
another white light at double (a) tho height of the bow light,
at tho main or mizen peak, or the boom topj^ing lift, or other
position near the stern where it can best be seen.
III. Dumb-craft shall, between sunset and sunrise, exhibit
in tho forepart of the craft a white light behind an opal frosted
or gi'ound colourless glass shade, and distinctly visible on all
sides, not less in height above deck or above any cargo or
other obstruction on the deck : —
(1.) AVhen at anchor, than five feet;
(2.) When being towed, than three feet ; and the sternmost
of the craft towed shall also exhibit a white light at
tho stern.
IV. Every passenger feiTy steamer plying between Hull
and New Holland while under way and in motion shall in all
weathers, between sunset and sunrise, carry at the stern a
bright white light so constructed as to show an unbroken and
uniform light over an arc of the horizon of twelve points of
the compass, so fixed as to throw tho light from right astern
to six points on each side of the ship, and of such a character
as to be visible on a dark night with a clear atmosphere at a
distance of at least one mile.
V. Every dredger moored in the River Humber or off any
pier or quay shall, between sunset and sunrise, exhibit at the
head a white light in a globular lantern of not less than eight
(rt) This means not less than double ; twenty-five feet from the deck
held to comply with the Kulc. T/ic Magncia, 15 P. D. 101.
568 APPENDIX.
Local niles inclios in diameter, and a similar light at the stern, and in
(Humber). addition thereto an amber light four feet above each of the
said white lights, all the said lights to be so constructed as
to show a clear, uniform, and unbroken light, visible at a
distance of at least one mile.
VI. Every vessel shall be navigated with care and caution,
and at a speed and in a manner which shall not involve risk
of collision by causing a swell, or endanger the safety of other
vessels or moorings, or cause damage thereto, or to the river
banks. Special care and caution shall be used in navigating
such vessel where there is much traffic, and when passing
vessels employed in dredging or removing sunken vessels or
other obstructions. If the safety of any vessel or moorings is
endangered, or damage is caused thereto, or to the river banks
by a passing steam vessel, the onus shall lie upon the master
or owner of such vessel to show that she was navigated with
care and caution, and at such a speed and in manner directed
by these liules.
VII. {S/eams/ups approaching xoreck removing craft, or craft
laying or removing buoys or drawing moorings, are to go dead