alogical Society representatives in a general observance of the
Sunday nearest that day.

ART.

OCTOBER DAYS.

Make a study of October foliage, the scarlet maple, crimson
cak, yellow chestnut, etc., as compared to the alder bushes, the
fir and pine. If there is a canyon available, be sure to take an
Octoberi walk. Wear stout shoes and warm wraps, and make
an Alpine staff to help you over the rough places. Take some
good picnic to satisfy canyon hunger. A campfire is, of course,
necessary to complete an October mountain climb ; provide your-
self with frying pan and kettles, in which to prepare hot, fried
potatoes, hot milk, or soup of some kind. By four o'clock in the
afternoon, the canyon will be cold, so you should be well prepared
with wraps. If you can make the trip last into the night, and
come home by moonlight, you will surely be inspired with Na-
ture's loveliness.

"the last run up the canyon."

Without, the air is chilly, but we are toasting warm as we
draw around the board to enjoy our supper, smoking hot. We
are alert to the first appearance of signs of snow. If the fleecy
clouds collect, and there is a sudden rise in temperature, we know
of rapidly approaching snow, and soon hie ourselves back to town,
fearing to be snowed in. But for a last look, after our delicious
supper, we take a run upon the side hill that commands the finest
view of the whole canyon. The lovely moonlight is over all, lend-
ing an air of enchantment and mystery to the whole scene. The
fleecy clouds rapidly gather, and we see in our mind's eye the
v;hite snow-blanket that will soon wrap all the landscape. The
brilliant leaves are mostly fallen. The air has lost its crispness,
and a delicious feeling prevails. We quickly pack our traps, and
ourselves, into the auto, with eyes only for all that can be seen
in our flying trip. We give our fancy wing, for this is truly an
opportunity for fancy's finest play.



532 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.

^ QUESTIONS.

a. Describe the oak in its gayest dress.

b. Describe the maple in its most brilliant colors.

c. Describe the mountain mahogany.

d. Describe the elderberry, and the alder. Note: If none
of these are to be found, substitute the natural foliage of the
mountains where you live.

e. Describe the October sunset. Compare it with the
September sunset.

f. Describe the moonlight in October. Compare it with the
moonlight when the foliage is mainly green. Note : The green
coloring is scarcely lost by moonlight. Green is so persistent by
all manner of light.

g. Which is darker by moonlight in October, the sky or
mountains? Describe the difference between the side of the can-
non in the moonlight and the one in shadow.

h. Note if any snow has fallen on the mountains in October.

i. Describe your October trip into the mountains. If the
snow has not fallen early, we make a late trip into the mountains
for a last glimpse and to see that the mountain cabin is securely
fastened for winter. We close up the doors and windows always
oi)en in summer, and build a big fire in the one room that can be
closed from the out of doors. We have brought oysters to fry,
rolls to toast, and milk and chocolate.



ARCHITECTURE.

WAR PERIOD, AND THE MODERN MOVEMENT, EXAMPLES OF RECENT

ARCHITECTURE.

a. Tell of the waning of the artistic influences in American
architecture.

b. Describe the Capitol Building at Albany. (Resembles
the Salt Lake City and County Building.)

c. Tell one fundamental error in building and planning.

d. Describe St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York City.

e. Describe Trinity Church and Grace Church, in New York
City.

f. What can you say of the Modern Movement? How
v.as American architecture influenced?

g. What influence had Ecole des Beaux Arts on our arch-
itecture?

h. Describe Trinity Church, Boston. What striking con-
trasts did Richardson use?



GUIDE LESSONS. 533

i. What did the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia, 1876,
do for us? (Utah students went to Paris on account of its art.)

j. What is the modern movement?

k. Describe the Auditorium Theatre, Chicago.

1. Madison Square Gardens and the Casino Theatre at New
York City.

m. Describe the Boston Public Library. (Interior much
, like the U. of U.)

n. Describe the Congressional Library at Washington.

o. Describe the Law Library of Columbia University.

p. What architects are improving West Point Naval
Academy?

q. Who is working on the Naval Academy at Annapolis?

r. Describe St. Thomas' Cathedral, New York City. What
influences does it show? Why is it. so wonderfully beautiful, and
who are its architects?



LESSON IV.

Home Economics.

Fourth Week in October.

CO-OPERATION AS A FACTOR FOR GOOD IN THE
HOME AND COMMUNITY.

DEFINITIONS OF CO-OPERATION.

(a) "Letting go the lesser in order to keep the greater."

(b) "A harmonious working together for the good of all."
To these might be added another, "true co-operation is team

work."

HOME CO-OPERATION.

If co-operation is team work, the home is the training school
for team workers. Thus responsibility rests upon the heads of
the home to co-operate with each other and to develop plans
whereby the children, and any who contribute to the working
operations of the home, may be co-operators. Thus and only
thus will harmony in the home prevail ; for system and order are
the first laws of -harmony and harmony is the law of the infinite.

The Law of Co-operation. — The home has two aspects,
first the working home consisting of two parts, the man's business
or profession, which may be mercantile, educational, or agricul-
tural, and the woman's profession, that of keeping house, and



534 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.

thoug-h important, they are comparatively "the lesser;" second,
the educational, ethical, character building home, in which men
and women share the making, which in the ideal home grows
side by side with the first and which is by far "the greater."
Without close co-operation the efficiency of the working home is
marred and the growth of the home beautiful is retarded.

Team Work. — On the farm even more than in other kinds
of business the systematic conduct of home work is apt to be made
second to the seasonable activities of the out of doors. Like
"time and tide" harvests "wait for no man." But a plan made in
the beginning^ elastic to allow for give and take on both sides
would help.

The following illustrations will serve : Mrs. Nellie Kidzie
Jones, that practical home scientist of Wisconsin, does her wash-
ing with the aid of two of the farm hands. In slack seasons the
work is done at a regular time, but at harvest time, to quote her
own words, "I use the men when I can get them. Sometimes it
is in the cool of the evening. The speed with which the work
is done, and the ease, more than makes up for the waiting, and
the men are always willing."

A young housewife, at the end of her first year on the farm,
firmly but gently told her husband that she would not have the
supper hour so late that the home evening was done away with.
The supper should be ready at any hour he wished, up to six
o'clock, and while the chores were being finished she would clear
up, and they would spend the evening together. In the first in-
stance, Mrs. Jones has won confidence by her experience and
tnct. In the second, the young wife was establishing a prece-
dent. But new home-makers, please note the entire willingness to
co-operate, in the first case, by the consideration for the man's
business, and in the second, that the supper was to be ready on
time.

The Children. — "But," says a mother of many, "that is all
very well at first, but wait till the baby comes." Doctors and
nurses all tell the same tale, under normal conditions regular
habits of sleeping and eating, including in the last quality and
quantity, make a healthy and therefore a good baby. And later,
as the bit of plastic humanity develops tendencies and needs at-
tention, and still later, the child begins to ask for work — well,
providing the health is good, the so-called naughty child is the
one for whom nothing of definite interest is provided. They want
to do something "really truly." "I want to help you make a
cake," said a little girl. "Oh, run and make mud pies, darling,
and when you get to be a big girl you shall help mother," was
the reply. These are the chances for co-operative lessons, and
a part of the educational home which will result in the helpful
home later on. The successes of the sfreat vocational movement



GUIDE LESSONS. ^ 535

in education rests, I am convinced, with the mothers of today,
and must begin at home and with the first child. The home
credit system, if taken seriously by the parents, is to be a means
of solving the problem of how much a school girl should be asked
to do in the home.

The Boy's Part in Home Work. — This needs a special
paragraph for long established custom has made us divide the
work into the divisions of "male and female," the first strong and
glorified, fitted only to the superior agency to perform them ; and
the second, corresponding to the mentally inferior and weak
physical organism of the woman. These ideas have been receiv-
ing rude shocks of late years. We have recognized that the
woman is just as capable as man to take her part in the business
and professional world. War-torn Europe is developing agricul-
turists among the women, in response to its dire necessity for
food. The result of these things is to make the work of men
and women co-operative ; but under normal conditions, divided in
such a manner as to allow her the greatest possibilities for ideal
motherhood, and opportunities for contributing to the ethical and
character-building home. In early years theboy should do his
share in the home work, and as the man's side in boyhood calls
him should still take his share in the tasks requiring greater
physical strength. Not that the mother and sisters cannot per-
form them if needs be, but his knowledge of her higher functions
will lead him to spare her any overdrain upon her strength.
Parents should remember that they are the trainers of the future
husbands of the race, and upon the lessons in co-operation, that
harmonious working together for the good of all, in their home
depends the happiness of future homes. The woman who brings
up her sons with the idea that any share of the house work is
beneath them, belittles her own profession.

Extraneous Work. — But in spite of all the co-operative
planning, it has appealed to many people that much time is being
put into work in the homes that does not really belong there.
This is work that requires an enormous amount of physical en-
ergy, and the use of expensive equipment, that might be accom-
plished just as well outside of the home. One method of bring-
ing this about is by community co-operation.

Unselfishness. — The community in which each member is
afraid that the other fellow will get more than his share will
never become co-operative in anything.

Loyalty. — The abandoned creameries show a lack of loyalty
to the home industry. Homes without water facilities often
niean a lack of co-operation on the part of some who fear taxa-
tion for the benefit of many.

Progressive Viewpoint. — Women especially need to take a



536 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.

Lroader view of the home task so as to adjust the work to the
best advantage for the future. However picturesque the spinner
at the spinning wheel, it would have been retarding the growth
of the home to have insisted on holding on to' this task. The
great industrial upheavals of the past agifes have paved the way
for the larger life of today. But we are still holding on to tasks
tliat overstrain the physical, and use up energies that should be
devoted to that second aspect of the home, partly because we are
slow to let go the lesser in order to keep the greater.

Economy. — Many housewives pride themselves upon their
economy of material that are wasteful of both energy and time.
Do you realize that in the canning season thousands of individual
boilers are being placed at almost the same time upon thousands
of individual stoves, and that thousands of individual women are
broiling over what is really a communal task? We might learn
a lesson from the fact that it takes only one sun to broil them all.
The same thing occurs weekly with the wash boiler on "black
Monday," and is carried on into the week over the ironing board.
Community co-operation will make home economics an economy
of material, time, and labor, by taking out of the home tasks that
may be done just as well, and at less expense, by the community.

The Power of Doing Team Work. — Women sorely need
development in this essential characteristic of progress. The in-
clination to be critical of each other, to think that their "own
way" is synonymous with the "best way," to work in ruts so deep
that it seems well nigh impossible for the wheels to break either
down or out of them, are the biggest obstacles to efficient team
work.

ACTIVITIES IN WHICH WE DO NOT WANT TO CO-OPERATE.

Homes. — This hasi been tried but not successfully, since.
v;hen we take away the individuality of the home, we usually fail.

Children. — The Oneida Society of New York state sought
to make the child the property of the community, on the plea
that it would have a better chance for education and development
of special gifts under such conditions. An interesting argument
might be gotten up for and against ; but, as a matter of fact, it
failed.

Nutrition. — Public dining rooms to my mind take away
from the home one of its highest and most interesting functions,
the nutrition of the family, the individual taste, and the family
table.



GUIDE LESSONS. 537

ACTIVITIES FOR COMMUNITY CO-OPERATION.

HOUSEHOLD TASKS.

Sewing. — Co-operation of neighborhoods in general home
sewing by purchase in bulk of materials in table linens and under-
wear, and the hiring of a woman in common to do the work at a
central place, has been tried with good success.

Mending. — The same thing has been done with the mending
basket by the hiring at small expense of some one person with
leisure to go the rounds and clean up the mending basket. Some
of the school departments of Domestic Art have co-operated with
the busy homes and thus killed two birds with one stone, relieved
the mother and taught the daughter.

Sweeping. — The purchase of a good vacuum cleaner by sev-
eral homes in common where the price was prohibitive to one,
has relieved some home-keepers of a heavy task.

Canning. — An interesting experiment is being tried out in
one of the southern counties of Utah. A band of women has
purchased in common a "steam or pressure cooker," a piece of
equipment that has the merit of doing the work in a fourth of the
time, with a surety of result and a minimum expense for fuel.
They expect to put up all their vegetables and meats at a central
place, working in co-operation with each other as to time of use.

One woman said that if the washing and ironing were out
of the home she would consider the rest of the work as nothing
in comparison. It seems as if much valuable time is put into the
weekly recurring task that might be better spent. The following
are things to be said for and against:

VALUE OF co-operative LAUNDRY.

Economy of Time to the Many. — One central plant doing
the work of many individual homes. The purchase of first class
machinery for all laundering purposes by many at small cost to
each, saving the price of at best one piece of equipment by a com-
paratively few at greater cost to each purchaser. The use of the
power of such plants as canneries, creameries, cheese factories, at
minimum cost to consumers.

Increased Cleanliness. — The natural inclination is to re-
duce the size of the washing. The comfort and healthfulness of
being able to change the househoM linen regularly, and use as
much fresh underwear as the needs of the wearer demand, cannot
be overestimated. You have heard of the busy housewife who
said that the onlv reason she wanted to be a queen was so that
she might have fresh clothing on every day.



5-8 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.

Economy of Wear. — Clothing changed frequently wears
much longer than when worn constantly, and requiring so much
extra rubbing in the wash tub.

Economy of Energy. — A doctor who said that the three
things that affected the nursing mother's milk was overheating,
overworking, and worry, or any passion, was asked what a woman
should do who had a heavy washing in progress when the baby's
feeding time came. His reply was, "Madam, either put the
v/ashing out during the nursing period, or stop working at least
half an hour before the time of feeding." Many babies are suf-
fering from wash days. Is it not time, Utah women, to be think-
ing along the lines of the women of Minnesota and Wisconsin and
planning to "let go the lesser in order to keep the greater?"

Objections to a Public Laundry. — One of the oft made
objections is that the washing will not be done to suit the house-
wife. We realize that care in choosing the operators will have to
be taken. The work must be done up to home standards. It is
an undisputed fact that most women know more about doing the
^vashing than about feeding their families. There are women in
every town who are available and anxious for work, who by tak-
ing a corresDondence course in laundry work, or even an intelli-
gent study of a good manual, could with their practical experience
take charge of a laundry.

Danger of Infection. — Watchfulness would be needed, but
for all ordinary cases the boiling water and exposure to the sun
would eliminate all danger.

The Ready Cash not Available. — When a town wants
lights the bill for electricity is paid without difficulty. When the
need occurs the price will be forthcoming.

The Cost too High. — Quoting from data received from the
Co-operative laundry of Chatfield, Minn., the average price per
washing on the farm is 97.9 cents. The cost of fuel, starch, soap,
and interest on machinery alone amounts to more.

Would Rather Save the Money and Buy Something
Else. — "Penny wise and pound foolish." iot the pound is the
"pound of flesh" and is a sacrifice of the greater for the lesser.

"Clothes not Good Enoltgh to Send." — Do we not need to
teach the girl and boy the lesson that no matter how plain, the
underwear must be neat and clean. Might not a community
laundry be an aid in raising the home standard in such matters?

How TO Organize Community Activities. — Find out the
needs of the individual community. Believe in the scheme and
talk it up so as to create sentiment. Send for information on
methods of organization.

The Opportune Time. — We may not be readv for the afl-
vanced idea of such co-operation as the foregoing. We may pre-
pare for it in the future by making every home so co-operative



GUIDE LESSONS. 539

that the next step will be but a step in advance. Then those who
are leaders must seize the opportune moment that always comes
when time is ripe for action and without undue strain the thing is
accomplished, always remembering that the working together for
the good of all in a community is the result of the team work of
the home.

QUESTIONS.

• 1. What is the true princple underlying co-operation?

2. What are some of the advantages of co-operation in
tlie home?

3. What about community co-operation?

4. What can you say about the United Order?

-' 5. How can you teach children the principles of co-oper-
ation ?

6. What would you think of a neighborhood laundry?

7. Devise a plan for a co-operation cafeteria.

8. What benefit is a creamery to a town?

9. How would you organize a community canning factory ?

10. What effect would a community day nursery have in
your town?

11. Read the 104th section of the Doctrine and Covenants,
verses 47-53.



AT EVENING.

How softly fall the evening shadows pale,
Golden and purple sunsets blend and fade ;
Night robes earth quietly with mantling veil,
And peace and rest the gentle hour pervade,
Great nature soothing with her potent power,
Breathes to the world-worn heart her sympathy ;
Amid the tranquil of such spell-bound hour,
The mem'ries of the past steal tenderly,
Athwart the scene, the moon with golden trail,
As erst with pitying glance and mellowed light,
Sweeps thro' the empty space with steady sail.
And floods with beauty the enchanted night.
It is the time for sweet and tender thought,
And whisperings of the life that is to be,
And Faith and Trust, with holy impulse fraught,
Speak to the soul in nature's poetry.
Unconscious of ourselves we yield to sleep.
And white-robed beings 'round our couches stray.
In sacred stillness holy vigils keep,
While night assumes the sceptre of her sway.

Emmrlinr P). WEF.r.s.



My Friend



L. LuLA Greene Richards



Lucy M. Green



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