haemonhoidal, external, ii. 835.
inferior, i. 196 ; s. 380.
middle, i. 386. 830. s. 380.
superior, i. 196.
of rectum.i. 181.
helicinae, ii. 146 ; iii. 917.
hepatic,*. 194, 195; iii. 171 ; s. 326.
of hip-joint, ii. 779.
hyoid, i. 485; iv. 1141.
hypogastric, i. 386.
ileo-colic, i. 195, 196; s. 379.
iliac, external, ii. 250. 837.
internal, i. 181. 386 ; ii. 250. 828 ; s. 640.
primitive, i. 189.
superficial anterior, ii. 244.
ilio-lumbar, ii. 250. 829.
infra-orbital, i. 490J; ii. '227 ; iii. 93.
infra-spinal, iv. 435.
GENERAL INDEX.
749
Arteries continued.
innominate, i. 189. 233 ; ii. 850 ; Hi. 580 ; iv. 1107.
left, iv. 819.
intercostal, i. 189. 193. 3(57 ; iii. 248.
dorsal branches, i. 367.
intercostal, anterior, iv. 822.
superior, iv. 824.
imerlobular, iii. 17!.
interosseal, posterior, ii. 364.
iiuerosseous, iv. 225.
intestinal, i. 195; s. 379.
irregular, of prostate gland, iii. 933.
ischiatic, ii. 833.
of knee, iii. 48.
labial or facial, i. 486.
lachrymal, i. 491 ; iii. 93. 786.
laryngeal, of superior thyroid, i. 485.
of larynx, iii. 110.
of leg, iii. 133.
lingual, i. 485 ; iv. 1141.
hyoid of, i. 486.
lobular, iii. 171.
lumbar, i. 189. 367.
magna pollicis seu princeps of hand, iii. 224.
of mammae, iii. 248.
mammary, internal, iii. 248 ; iv.822.
malleolar, i. 150.
internal,!. 150.
masseteric, i. 489.
maxillary, external, i. 486; ii. 227.
internal, i. 489 ; ii. 227. 556 : iii. 93. 733.
903.
branches, L 489, 490.
or inferior dental, i. 489.
of membrana tympani, ii. 556.
median, anterior, iii. 65T, ; iv. 821.
mediastinal, i. 193 ; iv. 822.
meningeal, accessory, ii. 556.
inferior, iii. 630.
posterior, iii. 630.
middle, i. 489. 734 ; ii. 556 ; iii. 630.
posterior, i. 487. 731.
mesenteric, inferior, i. 189. 1% ; s. 380.
superior, L 189. 195 j s. 379.
metacarpal, of radial, ii. 529.
modioli centralis, ii. 542.
muscular, of orbit, i. 492.
inferior, i. 492.
superior, i. 492.
musculo-spiral, ii. 160.
musculo-phrenic, iv. 823.
nasal, i. 487. 492 ; iii. 733. 786.
dorsal, i. 487.
external, common, L 487.
lateral, i. 487.
of septum, i. 487.
nutritia humeri, i. 466.
obturator, ii. 250. 831 . 843.
occipital, i. 367. 487. 748 ; ii. 542. 556.
oesophageal, i. 193 ; iii. 759.
omphalo-mesenteric, i. 196.
ophthalmic, i. 491 ; ii. 227 ; iii. 93. 733. 785.
ethmoidal branch, i. 730.
ovarian, s. 552. 640.
palatine, inferior, i 486 : ii. 550 ; iii. 949.
superior, i. 490 ; ii. 556.
palpebral, inferior, i. 492 ; iii. 93. 786.
superior, i. 492 ; iii. 93. 786.
pancreatic, great, i. 195 ; 8. 86.
small, i. 195.
pancreatico-duodenal, i. 194 ; s. 86. 326.
perineal.ii. 835; s. 713.
superficial, iii. 928.
transverse, iii. 929.
of penis, ii. 145, 146; iii. 916, 917; iv. 1254.
perforating, of fore-arm, iv. 224.
peroneal, i. 150 ; ii. 267 ; iii. 134.
anterior, ii. 267.
posterior, ii. 267.
pharyngeal, inferior or ascending, i. 487 ; ii. 556 ; iii.
949.
superior, i. 490.
phrenic inferior, i. 189.
superior, iv. 822.
p-pliteal, ii. 243; iii. 48; iv. 62.
profunda clitoridis, s. 713.
femoris, ii. 244.
huracri, inferior, i. 217. 465.
superior, i. 217. 465.
penis, ii. 146.
of prostate gland, iv. 150.
pterygoid, i. 489.
pterygo-palatine, or superior pharyngeal, i. 490.
pubic, internal, i. 386; ii. 843.
pudenda, external, superior, s. 713.
inferior, s. 713.
pudic, i. 181 ; ii. 244. 250 ; iii. 931. 934 ; s. 713.
external or superficial, inferior, ii. 244 ; iv. 439.
pudic, external or superficial, superior, ii. 244 ; iv. 439 ;
s. 713.
internal,!. 181; ii. 834.
pulmonary, i. 220; ii. 598 ; s. 273.
Arteries continued.
pyloric, inferior, s. 326.
superior, i. 194 ; s. 326.
radial, ii. 363. 526. 529 ; iv. 221. 1407.
radialis indicis, iv. 224.
ramus pinnalis, i. 487.
rani ne, i. 485 ; iv. 1141.
recurrent, of radial, iv. 223.
of ulnar, anterior, iv. 225.
posterior, iv. 225.
renal, i. 189 ; iv. 235.
of retina, central, i. 491.
sacral, lateral, ii. 830.
middle, or anterior, L 197; ii. 828.
satellite of right subclavian, iv. 816.
brachial, iv. 1407.
sciatic, ii. 250.
scapular, posterior, i. 367 ; iv. 436. 824.
septi nasi, i. 4-7.
soporiferae. See Carotid.
spermatic, i. 189 ; ii. 844 ; iv. 981. 983 ; s. 552. 640.
spheno-palatine, i. 490.
spinal, anterior, i. 731 ; iii. 656. 704.
posterior, iii. 657. 704.
splenic, i. 195 ; iv. 787 ; s. 326.
for sterno-mastoid, i. 488.
of stomach, s. 325. 327.
stylo-mastoid, ii. 542. 556.
subclavian, iii. 577, 578.
left, i. 189.230; iii. 110.
right, iv. 814. 816.
sublingual of lingual, i. 486 ; iv. 1 141.
submental, i. 486.
subscapular, i. 364 ; iv. 436.
supra-orbital, i. 491 . 748 ; iii. 93. 786.
of supra-renal capsules, iv. 833.
supra-scapular, iv. 824.
supra-spinal, iv. 43S.
superficialis volae, iv. 223.
temporal, i. 488 ; ii. 227. 556.
anterior, i. 488 : iii. 93.
deep, i. 489. 748.
middle, i. 488.
posterior, i. 488.
deep, i. 489.
superficial, i. 748.
thoracica acromialis, i. 360. 363. iv. 818.
alaris, i. 358.
humeraria, i. 359.
longior, i. 35S. 364 ; iii. 249.
suprema, i. 359, 360. 364.
thymic, iv. 822.
thyroid axis, iv. 823.
thyroid, inferior, iii. 759 ; iv. 823. 1 106.
superior, i. 485. ii. 831 ; iii. 1 10 ; iv. 1 106.
middle, ii. 851.
tibial, anterior, i.150 ; ii. 355 ; iii. 131.
posterior, i. 150 ; ii. 354 ; iii. 133.
recurrent, iii. 131.
tonsillitic, i. 486; iii. 949.
of tongue, iv. 1141.
of trachea, s. 262.
transversalis colli, i. 3G7 ; iv. 436. 824.
transverse facial, ii. 227 ; iii 93.
of humerus, iv. 435.
perineal, iii. 929.
tympanic, inferior, ii. 556.
superior, ii. 556.
ulnar, ii. 363 ; 525. 529 : iv. 224. 1407.
umbilical, i. 220.
urethra, iv. 1254.1264.
of urinary bladder, i. 386.
uterine, ii. 831 ; s. 552. 640.
vagina^ ii. 831 ; iii. 171 ; s. 7C6.
vas deferens, iv. 983.
vasa brevia, i. 15 ; s. 237.
vertebral, i. 731 ; iv.816. 819, 820.
vesical, ii. 830.
vestibular, ii. 542.
vidian, i. 490 ; ii. 556.
Willis's lateral, or posterior communicating branch of
internal carotid, i. 492.
of villi of intestine, s. 351.
Arterioliths, iv. 88.
Arteriotomy of pericranium of temporo-parietal region, i.
749.
Arteritit, acute, i. 226. 232.
Arthritic concretions, tophi or gouty concretions, iv.
90.
chemical composition of, iv. 91.
Arthritis coxae, acute, ii. 790.
anatomical characters, ii. 792.
cases of, ii. 790. 791.
chronic strumous arthritis coxae, ii. 793.
anatomical characters, ii. 795.
cases of, ii. 795, 796.
chronic rheumatic arthritis coxae, chronic rheuma-
tism, ii. 798.
anatomical characters, ii.801.
genu, acute, iii. 49.
case of, iii. 54.
combined with acute osteitis, iii. 64.
3c 3
750
GENERAL INDEX.
Arthritis germ, acute continued.
combined with necrosis, iii. G4.
chronic simple, iii. 55.
rheumatic, iii. 57.
strumous, iii. 60.
of the radio-carpal and of the inter carpal articula-
tions, acute, iv. 1523.
chronic rheumatic of wrist-joint, iv. 1556.
chronic strumous, or white swelling, of the wrist,
iv. 1524.
of the shoulder, acute, iv. 577.
symptoms, iv. 577.
anatomical characters of ar-
thritis of the shoulder, iv.
577.
chronic, iv. 577.
chronic rheumatic, of shoulder joint,
iv. 584.
symptoms, iv. 584.
diagnosis, iv. 585.
anatomical characters, iv. 585.
chronic rheumatic, of the temporo-maxillary articu-
lation, iv. 939.
Articular arterits of knee, superior, iii. 48.
middle, iii. 48.
inferior, iii. 48.
superior external, iv. 64.
artery, superficial superior internal, ii. 249; iv. 64.
course and relations generally, ii. 249.
eminence, i. 734,
facets of sacrum, s. 118.
fossa, i. 734.
nerves, iv. 768.
superior external, iv. 768.
inferior external, iv. 768.
superior internal, iv. 769.
processes of sacrum, s. 118.
tubercles of sacrum, s. 119.
vein, iv. 1411.
Arthrodia, i. 256.
characters, ligaments, and motions, i. 256.
Arthropoda, ova of, s. [110].
ARTICULATA (a primary division of the animal kingdom),
i. 1.244.
subdivisions, i. 245, 246.
I. Cirripeds, i. 245. See also CIRKIPEDA.
II. Annelidans, i. 245. See also ANNELIDA.
III. Insects, i. 246. See also INSECTA.
IV. Arachnidans, i. 246. See also ARACHMDA.
V. Crustaceans, i. 246. See also CRUSTACEA.
organs of circulation in, i. 650.
biliary apparatus of, iv. 448.
nervous system of the, iii. 606, 607.
ova of Articulata, s. [1 10.]
spermatozoa of Articulata, iv. 488.
ARTICULATION, or Joint, i. 246.
forms and classification of the articulations, i. 254.
diarthrosis, i 255.
arthrodia, i. 256.
rotatorius, i. 256.
enarthrosis, i. 256.
ginglymus, i. 256.
synarthrosis, i. 254.
amphiarthrosis, i. 255.
gomphosis, i. 255.
schindylesis, i. 255.
suture, i. 254.
structures entering into the composition of joints,
i. 247.
bone. i. 247.
cartilage, i. 247 ; iv. 522.
various forms of articular cartilage, i. 247.
diarthrodial, i. '248.
synarthrodial, i. 249.
fibro-cartilage, i. 249.
menisci, i. 249.
fibre cartilages of circumference, i. 249.
fibre-cartilaginous laminae, i. 250.
ligaments, i. 250.
capsular, i. 250.
elastic, i. 251.
funicular, i. 251.
synovial membrane, i. 251.
the articulations in old age, i. 79.
office of the joints with respect to locomotion, iii.
415.
influence of the atmosphere in keeping the joints
together, iii. 4 15, 416.
Articulations, in particular.
astragalo-calcanien, anterior, ii. 342.
posterior, ii. 342.
astragalo-scapboid, ii. 343.
calcaneo-cuboid, ii. 343.
carpal, ii. 508.
motions of the, ii. 508.
carpo-metarcapal, ii. 509.
of the thumb, ii. 509.
chondro-sternal, iv. 1032.
costo-vertebral, iv. 1032.
of cranial bones, i. 736.
crico-arytenoid, iii. 105.
crico-thyroid, iii. 104.
Articulations continued.
cuboido ctineen, ii. 343.
cuneo-scaphcid, ii.313.
of fingers, ii. 510.
hip-joint, ii. 796.
intra-coccygeal, s. 122.
of the larynx, iii. 103.
extrinsic, iii. 103.
intrinsic, iii. 104.
lumbo-pelvic, s. 121.
of maxillary, superior, i. 729.
metacarpo-phalange.il, ii. 510.
metatarsal, ii. 35.
metatarso-pha'angeal, ii. 345.
of nasal bone, i. 729.
of pelvis, s. 121.
phalangeal, of fingers, ii. 510.
pubic symphysis, s. 125.
radio-carpal, iv. 1505.
radio-ulnar, iv. 228.
sacro-coccygeal, s. 122.
sacro-iliac, s. 122. 207.
sacro-lumbar, s. 207.
scapulo-humeral, iv. 573.
shoulder joint, iv. 571.
sphenoid bone, i. 728.
tarso-metatarsal, ii. 344.
temporo-maxillary, iv. 937-
tibio-fibular, iv. 1118.
of the toes, ii. 343.
tracheo-cricoiilean, iii. 104.
Articulations of insects, ii. 881. See INSECTA.
Artificial legs, remarks on the application of, iii. 136,
Arvicola amphibius, or water-rat, iv. 389.
Aryteno-epiglottic folds, iii. 101. 111.
Aryteno-epiglottidei muscles, iii. 110.
action, iii. 110.
Ayrtenoid cartilages, iii. 102.
gland, iii. 110.
muscU-s, iii. 101, 107.
obliquus, iii. 107.
transversus, iii. 107.
Ascarides, ii. 113.
ovum of, s. [120.]
Ascaris lumbricoides, or round-worm, ii. 125.
description of, ii. 125. 129. 135. 143.
parts of the body infested by, ii. 125.
nervous system of the, iii. 607.
organs ot'digestion of, s. 296.
Ascaris mystax, development and fecundation of the ova
of, s. [120].
development of spermatic corpuscles in, s. 121].
Ascaris vermicularis, or worm of the larger intestines, ii.
125, 126.
Ascidia, a genus of Tunicata, iv. 1187.
characters of the genus, iv. 1187.
mode of reproduction of the, s. 23.
Ascidia mammillata, nervous system of the, iii. 603.
Ascidiadce, a family of Tunicata, iv. 1187, et seq.
characters ol'the family, iv. 1187.
genera, iv. 1187, 11 88.
ciliary motion in the, i. 623.
Ascidium acuminatum, mode of reproduction of, s. 212.
Ascites, analysis of the effusion of, iii. 483.
displacement of the diaphragm from, ii. fi.
enlargement of abdominal veins attendant on, i. 15.
increase of capacity of the bladder mistaken for, i. 395.
Ascus, or theca of fungi, s. 225.
Ashanti, physical and mental characters of the, iv. 1353.
Asia, High, the people of, probably the stock f - om which
the globe was originally peopled, iv. 1364.
races of, principal characters of the, iv. 1349.
groups into which the Asiatic nations may be arranged ,
iv. 1350.
Seriform stock, iv. 1350.
Turanian stock, iv. 1351.
Peninsular Mongolida?, iv. 1351.
Hyperborean Mongolidae, iv. 1351.
Syro- Arabian, or Semitic, nations, iv. 1351.
capacity of a skull of a Hindoo Brahmin, iii. GG6.
Asilidee, ii. 867.
Asilus crabroniformis, ii. 867.
Asinus vulgaris,
organs of voice of the, iv. 1492.
See Ass j Equus Asinus.
Asphyxia, i. 257.
phenomena of, in the higher animals, i. 258.
in the lower animals, i. 258, 259.
appearances after death, i. 259.
appearances of the brain in fatal cases of, iii .
720 F.
by carbonic acid, condition of the epiglottis in
cases of, iii. 123. 125.
opinions of physiologists respecting, i. 260.
changes in the blood of the pulmonary capillaries and
arteries in, i. 677.
syncope by, death from, i. 794.
Aspidiscinidce (shield animalcules), a family of Polygastric
animals, iv. 5.
characters of the family, iv. 5.
A/tplenium septentrionale, archegonium of, s. 240.
Asps, or hooded snakes (Naja), poison fangs of, iv. 291.
GENERAL INDEX.
751
Ass (Equus Asinus), iv. 714.
organs of voice of the, iv. 1492.
milk of the, iii. 3(52 ; s.391.
analysis of the, iii. 362.
Weberiaa organ of the, iv. 1420.
Assassin, M. Sylvestre de Sacy's derivation of the word,
iv. 691, note.
Assimilation in animals, i. 144.
Association, instinct of. See Congregation , INSTINCT.
Astacus affinis, biliary organs of, iv. 448.
fluviatilis, or river craw-fish, ovum of, s. [115 , note.
(lobster), nervous system of the, iii. 613.
Astusieadte, a family of Polygastric Animals, iv. 4, el seq.
Astcrias, or star-fish, ii. 31, et seq. See ECHINODERMATA
cilia in, i, 615. See CILIA.
ova of Aaterias, s. [125].
biliary apparatus of, iv. 446
nervous system of the, iii. 602.
organs and mode of progression of the, iii. 440.
alimentarv canal of, s. 297.
muscles of the, iii. 537.
Asthma, exciting causes of, s. 293.
of infants, or spasmodic croup, described, iii. 124.
hypotheses as ID causes of, iii. 124.
thymic, of Kopp and Hirsch, iii. 124 ; iv. 1102.
Astigmatic lens ot Professor Stokes, iv. 1468.
Aslragalo scaphoid articulation, ii. 343.
ligament, ii. 343.
Astragalo-calcanitn, anterior, articulation, ii. 312.
posterior, ii. 342.
Astragalus, i. 152; ii. 339.
structure and development, ii. 341.
abnormal conditions of the, ii. 347.
A.itrea abnormalis, a genus of Polypifera, iv. 37
Nicies, a genus of Quadrumana, iv. 210, et seq. See QUA-
DRCMANA.
characters of the genus, iv. 210.
Athalia centifoliae, or saw-fly,
organs of generation of the, ii. 992, 993.
ravages ot its larva in turnip fields, ii. 865. 870.
Atheroma, i. 64.; iv. 97.
Atheromatous deposits in the coats of arteries, iv. 87.
in the carotid artery, i. 494.
in the liver, iii. 183.
in the scalp and eyelids, iv. 97.
in veins, iv. I -lie'.
Attantidcc of Dr. Latham, iv. 1358.
Atlas of camels, s. 520.
Atlas moth, size of the, iii. 423.
Atmosphere, mechanical effects of atmospheric pressure on
animal structures, iii. 412. 415. 424,
resistance of air, effect of, on animal motion, iii. 413.
419.
" Atomic Theory" of Dr. Daubeny quoted, iii. 159.
At^nis, ultimate, of matter, theory of, iii. 356.
Atony of the muscles of the larynx, iii. 123.
Alresia ani urethralis, iv. 951. 969.
narium, iii. 737.
urethrae, i". 1256.
Atrium vagina;, or vestibulum, iv. 1425.
ATROPHY (in morbid anatomy), ii. 827.
Atrophy in particular :
of the bones, i. 443, 444.
of the face, ii. 220.
of the brain, iii. 720.
marks of an atrophied state of brain, iii. 720.
senile atrophy, iii. 7^0.
parts in which partial softening of the brain occurs,
iii. 720 B.
of the cranium, i. 745.
of the epiglottis, iii. 122.
of the foetus in utero, ii. 318.
of the heart, ii. 642.
of the liver, iii. 188.
of the lung in aged persons, i. 78, note.
of the muscles of the larynx, iii. 123.
of nerves, iii. 720 G.
of the ovary, s. 573.
of the pancreas, s. 108.
of the prostate gland, iv. 156.
of the spinal cord, iii. 714.
of the testicle, iv. <)91.
wasting, iv. 902.
arrest of development, iv. 991.
of the tibia in old persons, iii. 69.
of the tissues ; decrease of the nutritive processes, iii.
752.
of the tongue, iv. 1159.
of the uterus, s. 686.
of the valves of the heart, ii. 647.
of the vagina or uterus, s. 618.
Attollens auriculam muscle, ii. 551.
Attrahcns auriculam muscle, ii. 552.
clitoridis, s.713.
Audition. See Sound.
Auditory apparatus of Fishes, iii. 1002.
external' foramen, i. 733.
internal foramen, i. 733.
meatus externus, i. 733.
internus, i. 733,
muscles (in comparative anatomy), iii. 544.
nerve, ii. 272. 530.539.; iii. 597. 707.
Auditory apparatus of Fishes continued.
cochlear branch, ii. 540.
nerve, vestibular branch, ii. 540.
third, or lowest, branch, ii. 540.
peripheral expansion of the, iii. 597.
lobule of the, iii. 692.
development of the, ii. 558.
passage. See Meatus auditorius.
process, external, i. 733.
Aulozoa (tubular polyps), a sub-class of Polypifera, iv. 20.
Aura seminalis, hypothesis of an, ii. 466. See GENERATION.
Aural system of muscles, iii. 544.
Aurelia, or pupa, form of insects, ii. 879.
origin of the term, ii. 879.
Aurelia aurita, mode of progression of, iii. 433.
phosphorea, organs of digestion of, i. 43.
Auricle, or auricula s. pinna, of ear, ii. 550.
development and abnormal conditions, ii. 561.
nerves of the, ii. 555.
office of the, in the function of hearing, ii. 571. 577.
See HEARING, ORGAN OF.
Auricles of the heart (or pars cordis venosa), i. 638.
capacity of the, i. 657, 658.
See HEART (normal anatomy).
Auricula dextra vel inferior, atrium venarum cavarum, ii.
597. See HEART (normal anatomy),
sinistra yel posterior, atrium seu sinus venarum pul-
monalium, a. aorticum, ii.582. See HEART (normal
anatomy).
Auricular artery, posterior, i. 488. 748; ii. 542. 55Gj iii. 903.
profunda, ii. 556.
muscles, i. 749.
nerves, external, ii. 294.
internal, ii. 293.
communicating branches, ii. 294.
great, ii. 55-5; iii. 571. 903; iv. 753.
branches, iii. 903; iv. 753.
auricular, superficial, iii. 903; iv. 753.
deep, iii. 903; iv. 753.
posterior, iv. 546.
or iliac, articular surface of sacrum, s. 119.
or maxillary, process, ii. 213.
or Otic ganglion of Arnold, ii, 292. See SYMPATHETIC
NERVE.
vein, posterior, iii. 903.
Auricula-temporal nerve, iii. 903.
Auricula-ventricular tendinous rings, ii. 587.
Auricula -ventricular openings, ii. 580587.
tendinous structure in the, ii. 589.
Australasia, peculiarity of all the known aboriginal mam-
mals of, iii. 257.
Australia, cranium of an aboriginal Australian, iv. 1326.
portrait of an Australian chief, iv. 1363.
physical and mental characters of the Australian abo-
rigines, iv. 1363.
affinities between the language of, and the Tamu-
lian of Southern India, iv. 1363.
pelves of natives of, s. l-M).
causes of the tendency to extinction in the aborigines
of, iv. 1341. 1365.
Western, cranium of a native of, iv. 1320.
Autumn, why in some latitudes less dangerous than spring,
ii. 681.
AVES, i. 116.265.
absorbent system, i. 327.
ciliary motion of birds, i. 631.
circulation, organs of, vascular system heart, i. 329.
arteries, i. 332.
veins, i. 338.
chyliferous system in, i. C01.
digestive organs of birds, s. 301.
stomach, s. 301.
oesophagus, s. 301.
ingluvies or crop, ii. 11 ; s. 301.
proper stomach or proveutriculus, B. 301.
gizzard, ii. 11; s 301.
intestine, s. 301.
glands, i. 325.
divisions into orders, i. 266.
fossil bones of birds, i. 289.
generation, organs of, i. 353 ; ii. 431.
compared with those of quadrupeds, ii. 453, note.
male, i. 353.
spermatozoa, ii. 1 12 ; iv. 477.
female, i. 355.
relation of the ova to the ovary of birds, 8. 58.
detailed description of eggs of birds, s. 60.
quantity of matter, composition, &c. 8. 6063.
structure of the external parts of the egg,
s. 50. 63.
chalazae (grandines), s. 64.
formation of the external or accessory
parts of the bird's egg, s. 65.
ovarian ovum of birds ; ovulum ; yolk and
its contents, s. 68.
microscopic structure of the ovum, s. 71.
yellow or external yolk substance, s.
71.
substance of the cavity and canal, s.
72.
cicatricula and cumulus, s. 73.
3c 4-
759
GENERAL INDEX.
Avr.s, microscopic structure of ovum continued.
vitelline membrane, s. 74.
early condition and rirst formation of the
ovarian ovum in i>irds, s. 74.
morphology of the bini's egg, as ascer-
tained from its first origin and develop-
ment, s. 75.
heat, animal, of, ii. 649. 665.
instincts guiding association of birds, iii. 18.
guiding incubation, iii. 14.
guiding migration, iii. 12
guiding modification, iii. 14.
liver of birds, iii. 175.
marsupium nigrum in, ii. 203.
uses of the, ii. 204.
myology, i. 290.
climbing,!. 297.
diving, i. 297.
flight, 297.
velocity of birds, iii. 429.
powers of flight of birds, iii. 424.
use of the tail in flight, iii. 429.
See MOTION, ANIMAL.
progression on land, i. 297 ; iii. 450.
sailing, i. 297.
swimming, i. 297.
nervous system, i. 303 ; iii. 621.
brain, i. 298.
hearing, organ of, i. 308 ; ii. 536.
lachrymal organs, i. 307.
tas;e, organ of, i. 311.
touch, organs of, i. 311.
vision, organ of, i. 303.
optic nerves of, iii. 764.
chiasma of the optic nerves in birds, iii.
769.
eyelids in, iii. 95.
eyebrows and eyelashes of, iii. 95.
secreting and derivative lachrymal apparatus
in, iii. 98.
ninth nerve, iii. 722.
osteology, i. 270. 438. See also OSSEOUS SYSTEM.
pelvis, s. 165.
table of the number of toe phalanges in birds, i.
289.
table of the number of vertebrae in birds, i. 272.
pancreas of birds, s. 96.
table of number of pancreatic ducts in several
orders of birds, s. 97.
peculiar secretions, i. 349.
renal organ, iv. 233.
respiratory organs, i. 341 ; iv. 331. 1021 ; s. 270.
air-passages, i. 345.
salivary glands, i. 316.
supra-renal glands, i. 348.
tegumentary system, i. 349.
development of feathers, i. 351.
thymus gland in, iv. 1097.
thyroid glands, i. 348 ; iv. 1108.
tongues of birds, iv. 1150.
urinary organs, i. 347.
urine of birds, iv. 1281.
temporo-maxillan articulation in, iv. 941.
vocal organs and voice of birds, iv. 1495, et seq.
Aves aereae of Nitzsch, i. 266.
altrices, a division of Birds, i. 266.
aquaticae of Nitzsch, i. 266.
aquatic birds, mode of progression of the, iii. 438.
praecoces, a division of Birds, i. 26G.
terrestres of Nitzsch, i. 2C6.
AXILLA (surgical anatomy) i. 216, 217. 358.
anterior wall, i. 359.
inner wall, i. 360, 361.
lymphatic glands, i. 362.
posterior wall, i. 362.
nerves, i. 361.
wounds penetrating into the axilla, i. "62.
dislocations of shoulder-joint downwards and inwards
into the, iv. 6? 6
AXILLARY artery, i. 360. 363 j iv. 248.
branches, i. 363.
1. acromial, i. 363.
2. superior thoracic, i. 364.
3. inferior thoracic, i. 364.
4. subscapular, i. 364.
5. posterior circumflex,!. 364.
6. anterior circumflex, i. 364.
relations, i. 363.
lesion of the axillary artery complicated with luxation
of the head of the humerus, iv. 616.
aneurism, i. 233.
lymphatic glands, i. 368 ; iii. 231.
nerve, iv. 759.
plexus, ii. 361.
vein, i. 360 ; iii. 249 ; iv. 407.
Axiotoma Gaedii, i. 38.
Axis of cochleae, ii. 531.
cceliac, s. 325.
Axis-cylinder of Rosenthal and Purkinjie, iii. 592.
Azolotl, organs of respiration in the, i. 99 ; teeth of the,
i. 95.
Axungia articularis, secretion of, i. 253.
Aye-aye of Madagascar (Cheiromys psilodactylus), iv. 221.
anatomy of the, iv. 374, et seq.
Azote, absorption and exhalation of, by the lungs, ii. 14'.).
AZYGOS, the term, i 364.
Azygos artery, iv. 64.
' tins of fishes, bones of, iii. 845.
process of the sphenoid bone, i. 255. 726.
vein, i. 365; iv. 1381. 1404.
dorsal, i. 368.
major, i. 305 ; iv. 1409.
minor, or semi-azygos, i. 365 ; iv. 1409.
superior, i. 306 ; iv. 1409.
uvulae muscle, iii. 952.
relations and uses, iii 952.
B.
Babyroussa, or horned hog, teeth of the, iii. 8G5.
Baboont t iv. 197, et seq- See QUADRUMANA.
BACK, REGION OF THE (surgical anatomy;, i. 3G7.
cervical region, i. 367.
dorsal region, i. 367.
lumbar region, i. 367.
diseases, i. 368.
integuments, i. 367.
lymphatics, i. 368.
nerves, i. 368.
subcutaneous cellular tissue, i. 367.
BACK, MUSCLES OF THE, i. 368.
first layer, i. 308.
latissimus dorsi, i. 368.
trapezius.i. 369.
second layer, i. 370.
levator anguli scapulae, i. 370.
rhomboideus major, i. 370.
minor, i. 370.
third layer, i. 371 .