149J.
810
GENERAL INDEX.
Phocenic acid, ii. 2.34.
neutral salts of (phocenates), ii. 234.
Phocenine, chemical composition of, ii. 234.
Phocidte, dentition of the, iv. 914.
pelvis of, s. 155.
PJionation, effects of the lesion of the recurrent nerves on,
iii. 895.
Phosphate of ammonia and magnesia, in morbid concre-
tions, iii. 806.
analysis of, iii. 806.
calculus of, iv. 80.
Phosphate of lime in the composition of the blood, i. 410.
in morbid concretions, iii. 80(1
analysis of, iii. 806.
calculus of, iv. 80.
Phosphate of magnesia in the composition of the blood, i.
410.
Phosphates, earthy, deposits of, in urine in disease, iv.
1283.
mixed, or fusible calculus, iv. 80.
Phosphorescence. See LUMINOUSNESS, ANIMAL.
of Cephalopoda, i. 536.
of Limax noctilucus, ii. 404.
of Pennatulidae, iv. 38.
of Pyrosomidae, iv. 1192. 1229.
effect of fresh water on phosphorescent marine
animals, iv. 1230.
Phosphoric acid, method of determining the presence of, in
organic substances, iii. 80-2, 803.
in urine, iv. 80.
Phosphorus in the composition of the brain, iii. 588.
variation of the quantity in different periods of life,
and its small amount in idiocy, iii. 588.
Phrenic artery, superior, iv. 822.
inferior, i. 189. 194.
nerve (diaphragmatic, internal respiratory) ii. 3, 4:
iv. 754.815, 816.
left phrenic, iv. 754.
right phrenic, iv. 754.
veins, inferior, iv. 1413.
P/zrewJco-gastric ligament of Soemmering, iii. 941.
J'hrenitis, or inflammation of the diaphragm, ii. 6.
Phreno-g&stric omentum, s. 309.
Phrenological views of the connexion of the cerebellum
with the sexual functions, iii. 722 S.
Phthisis pulmonalis, conformation of the thorax in, iv.
1038.
aphonia preceding or attendant on, iii. 123.
three stages of, s. 293.
characters of the urine in, iv. 1293.
communicated by means of morbid saliva, iv. 420.
death by, i. 264.
Phthisis laryngea, iii. 120. 126.
causes of, and localities attacked, iii. 120.
progress of the disease, iii. 121.
post-mortem appearances, iii. 120, 121.
symptoms, iii. 121.
treatment by an artificial opening in the trachea, iii.
121.
&utris, or animating principle of Aristotle, iii. 143.
Phylhydrida, a sub-tribe of Coleoptera, ii. 860.
Phyllirhoe bucephalum, genital organs of, s. [107.]
Pkymatin, iv. 107.
Physalus, locomotive powers of the, iii, 433.
Physosfrada (Acalcphse), i. 36.
Pkysometra, s. 697, 698.
humida, s. 698.
putrida, s. 698.
Plu/tophni'a, a tribe of Insects of the order Coleoptera, i.
563 ; ii. 862.
characters of the sub-tribe, i. 563 ; ii. 862.
Pht/toxoa. See POLYPIFERA.
Pi'a mater, iii. 633.
of the spinal cord, iii. 633.
of the brain, iii. 634.
continuations of the pia mater into the cerebral ven-
tricles, iii. 634.
choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles, iii. 634.
choroid plexuses of the fourth ventricle, iii. 635.
crystalline formations in the chorcid plex
uses, &c., iii. 635
connexions, &c., of the pia mater, iii. 636.
in reference to pathology, iii. 636.
abnormal anatomy of the cranial pia mater, iii. 717.
injected state of the vessels, iii. 717.
tubercle, iii. 717.
abnormal anatomy of the spinal pia mater, iii. 713.
congestion of the venous sinuses, iii. 713.
causes of spinal apoplexy, iii. 713.
inflammation of the pia mater, iii. 713.
" Picking of the bed-clothes" a sign of approaching death,
i. 800.
Picromel, or Gallenstoff, i. 375.
Pig, stomach of the, s. 303.
urine of tho, iv. 1280.
See PACHYDERM AT A ; Sus scrofa.
Pigeon (Columba), nervous system of the, iii. 622.
migrating pigeons of America, iii. ]8.
Pigeon-breast, iv. 1039.
Pigment in the grey nervous matter, iii. 649.
granules of the skin, iii. 496.
melanic, iv. 116. See PRODUCTS, ADVENTITIOUS.
Pigmentum nigrum, ii. 180.
chemical composition of, ii. 181.
uses, ii. 181.
Pt'limiction, cases of, iv. 142.
Pillar, central, or axis of cochlea?, ii. 531.
Pillars of diaphragm, ii. 3.
of the fauces, iii. 951 ; iv. 1121.
of fornix, iii. 676.
anterior, iii. 676.
posterior, iii. 676.
Pill-box hydatid, ii. 117. See ENTOZOA.
Pilobolus, mode of development and reproduction of, s. 218.
Pilularia, development of, s. 245.
Pineal gland, i. 72 ; iii. 676, 677.
acervulus of the, iii. 677-
peduncles or haben^e, iii. 677.
Pinguedo, i. 57.
Pinnal cartilages, iii. 726.
Pinnipeclia, Weberian organ in, iv. 1418.
Pinus Austriaca, development of, s. 247.
maritima, development of, s. 247.
sylvestris, development of, s. 217.
Pipe-fishes, iii. 986. 1010, 1011.
PISCES, i. 114; iii. 955.
general characters, iii. 955.
classification, iii. 956.
osseous system, iii. 957.
skeleton of Osseous Fishes, i. 438; iii. 958.
vertebral column, iii. 9. r >8.
ribs and sternum, iii. 959.
cranium, iii. 959.
face, iii. 959.
anterior extremities, iii. 961.
posterior extremities, iii. 962.
fin rays of the extremities, iii. 962.
vertical fins, iii. 962.
interspinous bones, iii. 962.
rays of the vertical fins, iii. 962.
skeleton of Chondroptervgii, i. 438 ; iii. 963.
skull, iii. 963.
branchial apparatus, iii. 964.
ribs and sternum, iii. 965.
anterior extremities, iii. 965.
posterior extremities, iii. 966.
skeleton of Dermapterygii, iii. 966.
skeleton of Branchiostoma, iii. 967.
cartilages of the articulations, i. 249.
pelvis of fishes, s. 1~2.
See also OSSEOUS FISHES.
arlhroidal system, iii. 967.
muscular system, iii. 968.
great lateral muscles, iii. 968.
superior and inferior slender muscles, iii. 908.
muscles of the pectoral fins, iii. 968.
ofhe ventral fins, iii. 963.
of the jaws, iii. 968.
of the palato-tympanic arch, iii. 968.
of the operculum, iii. 969.
of the os hyoides, iii. 969.
of the branch iostegous membrane, iii. 9i9.
branchial and pharyngeal apparatus, iii. 969-
peculiarities of the muscular system in particular
fishes, iii. 969.
in Ostracions, iii. 969.
in Raidas, iii. 969.
muscles of the jaws in Cartilaginous Fishes, iii.
970.
in Sharks, iii. 971.
in Petromyzonida?, iii. 971.
tegumentary system, iii. 971.
the skin in general, iii. 971.
pigment, iii. 972.
mucous follicles, iii. 972.
scales, iii. 973 ; s. 480.
teeth of scales, iii. 974.
chemical composition, iii. 974.
organs and mode of locomotion of, iii. 436.
in fishes shaped like the salmon, cod, and mackarel,
iii. 437.
flat fishes, iii. 437.
analysis of the act of swimming in fishes, iii. 438.
amount of resistance offered by the various
forms, iii. 437.
velocity of fishes, iii. 438.
powers of flight of fish, iii. 429.
muscular power of the salmon in springing into
the air, ii. 62.
digestive organs, s. SCO.
oesophagus, s. 300.
stomach, s. 300.
intestine, s. 300.
appendices pyloricae, s. 300.
teeth, iii 975 ; iv. 873.
in Cyclostomatous Fishes, iii. 976.
position, form, mode of implantation, and deve.
lopment, iii. 977 ; iv. 873. 880.
examples of peculiar dentition, iii 978.
Cyprinidse, s. 979.
Scari, iii. 979.
Diodons and Tetrodons, iii. 980.
Saw-fish, iii. 980.
substance of the teeth of fishes, iv. 877.
GENERAL INDEX.
841
PISCES continued.
oesophagus, iii. 981.
stomach, iii. 981.
pyloric appendages, s. 91.
intestinal canal, iii. 981.
salivary glands, iii. 982.
pancreas, iii. 982.
liver, iii. 175. 982.
renal organs, iv. 232.
spleen.iii. 983.
lymphatic system, iii. 983.
organs of respiration, iii. 985.
in Osseous Fishes, iii, 985.
in Lophobranchii, iii. 986.
in Sturionidae, iii. 986.
in Flagiostome Cartilaginous Fishes, iii. 986
in Cyclostomata, iii. 987.
in Branch iostoma, iii. i>88,
hyoid apparatus, iii. 988.
branchial cavity, iii. 988.
circulatory system, i. 616 ; iii, 9o8.
heart, iii. 988.
bulbus arteriosus and branchial artery, iii. 989.
vascular system, iii. 989.
branchial and systemic arterial vessel*, iii.
989.
systemic veins, iii. 990.
organs of respiration of fishes, s. 281. 286.
air-bladder, s. 281.
formation and uses of, iii. 43fi.
mucous membrane and vascular system of, 8. 287-
thyroid gland in, iv. 1109.
respiratory movements of fishes, iv. 1019.
(respiratory and circulatory apparatus in Lepi-
dosiren,) iii. 990.
portal system of veins, iii. 992.
lateral system of vessels, iii. 992.
nervous system, iii. 614. 992
brain of fishes, iii. 616. 992.
weight of the brain compared with that of the
body, iii. 618.
olfactory tubercles, or first cerebral mass,
iii. 618.
optic lobes, or second cerebral mass. iii.
619.
cerebellum, or third cerebral mass, iii. 619.
optic nerves of fishes, iii. 764.
Caseous Fishes, chiasma of the optic nenres in,
iii. 769.
Cartilaginous Fishes, chiasma of the optic
nerves in, iii. 769.
nerves, iii. 994.
olfactory, iii. 699. 904.
optic, iii. 995.
third pair, iii. 995.
fourth pair, iii. 995.
sixth pair, iii. 996.
seventh pair, iii. 996.
eighth pair, iii. 996.
ninth pair, iii. 722. 996.
second pair of spinal nerves, iii. 996.
sympathetic system, iii. 997.
nervous system of Brancliiostoma, iii. 998.
senses, iii. 998.
smell, iii. 998; iv. 699.
eye, iii. 999.
sclerotic coat, iii. 999.
memhrana argentea, iii. 999.
iris, iii. 999.
choroid, iii. 999.
choroid gland, ii. 205 ; iii. 1000.
optic nerve, iii. 1000.
falciform ligament or marsupium, iii. 1000.
aqueous humour, iii. 1001.
crystalline lens, iii. 1001.
vitreous humour, iii. 1001.
muscles of the eyeball, iii. 1001.
eyelids, iii. 95. 1002.
auditory apparatus, ii. 536; iii. 1002.
in Petromyzon, iii. 1(X)2.
in Osseous" Fishes, iii. 1003.
membranous vestibule, iii. 1003.
sac of the otolithe, iii. 1003.
otolithes, iii. 1004.
semicircular canals, iii. 1004.
auditory nerves, iii. 10<J5.
ear of Plagiostome Cartilaginous Fishes, iii.
1005.
generative system, ii. 418 ; iii. 1005 ; s. 55.
in Cyclostomata, iii. 1006.
in Osseous Fishes, iii. 1006.
in Plagiostome Cartilaginous Fishes, iii. 1007.
male, iii. 1007.
female, iii, 1008.
in Syngnathidaj, iii. 1010.
ova of Osseous Fishes, s. [98].
structure of the ovarian ova, s. [98].
yolk substance, s. [99].
germinal vesicle, s. [99].
Supp.
membranes, 8. [99].
micropyle, s. [101] 103].
development, s. [103], [104].
PISCES continued.
external forms of ova of Cartilaginous Fishes, s. 51.
spermatozoa in fishes, iv. 483.
urinary apparatus, iii. 1011.
renal capsules, iii. 1011.
animal heat of fishes, ii. 649.
periodical migration, iii. 13.
the migration of the cod, mackarel, thunny, her-
ring, salmon, &c., iii. 13.
luminousness of fishes, iii. 198.
dormant vitality of, iii. 157.
Piscicola, ovum of, 8. 117.
Pisiform bone. ii. 505.
articulations of the, ii. 508.
Pitch of the human voice, iv. 1475. 1485.
Pitheda, a genus of Quadrumana, iv. 211 , et seq. See QUA-
DRLMANA.
characters of the genus, iv. 211.
Pituitary body, iii. 703.
colour, hi. 703.
earthy concretions, iii, 703.
position and connexions, iii. 703.
size and weight, iii. 70S.
structure, iii. 703.
fossa, i. 726.
membrane, iii. 730; iv. 698.
or anterior, surface of nasal bone, ii. 212.
process, iii. 673. 703.
Placenta, ii. 424; s. 715.
normal anatomy, s. 715.
form, s. 715.
dimensions and weight, s. 715.
foetal surface ; amnion ; chorion ; foetal blood-
vessels, s. 715.
uterine surface, s. 716.
circumference, s. 716.
substance, s. 717.
tufts and rilli, s. 717.
terminations of the foetal vessels, s. 718.
decidua, s. 718.
terminations of the maternal vessels, s. 719.
development of the placenta, ii. 455 ; s. 719.
of the foetal portion, s. 719.
of the maternal portion, s. 720.
functions of the placenta, s. 721.
congenital abnormal conditions, iv. 946.
separation of the placenta into lobes or cotyledons,
iv. 946.
Plagiostoma, a family of Fishes, iii. 956, et scq.
characters of the family, iii. 956.
Plague, syncope induced by, i. 797.
Ptanaria, a genus of Entozoa of Miiller, ii. 116. See
ENTOZOA ; Sterelmintha.
lactea, a species of parasite, ii. 128. 130.
PlanaritE, a genus of parasites, ii. 128. 133.
ovum of, s. [119].
Planes of the ischia, s. 127.
Planta pedis, or sole of the foot, ii. 339. See FOOT.
Plantar arch, ii. 365.
artery, external, ii. 355.
internal, ii. 355.
fascia, ii. 354.
ligament of tarsus, ii. 343.
muscle, iii. 132, 133. 139.
action, iii. 139.
nerve for the, iv. 62. 769.
nerve, internal, iv. 770.
branches, iv. 770, 771.
external, iv. 771.
branches, iv. 771.
region of the foot, ii. 353.
sensibility of the integuments of, ii. 354.
muscles of the, ii. 358.
veins, ii. 355.
deep, external, iv. 1411.
internal, iv. 1411.
Plants, respiration of, iv. 328.
cellular, type of the process of nutrition in, iii. 742.
sleep of, iv. 678.
sleep of leaves, iv. 678.
of flowers, iv. 678.
symmetry of, iv. 852.
table of the analogies in the development of the
different classes ot plants, s. i?55.
Plastrttm, dense, of the turtle, uses of the, iii. 450.
sternal, of Crustacea, i. 757.
Platypus anatinus, or Ornithorhynchus paradoxu?, which
see.
See MONOTRBMATA.
Platysma myoides muscle, i. 4R3 : ii. 226. 851, 852 ; iii. 566.
action and relations, iii. 566.
Plectognathi, an order of Fishes, iii. 957.
characters of the order, iii. 957.
Plethora, causes and effects of, i. 416.
periodical in women. See Menstruation.
PLEURA, iv. 1. 522, 523. 816.
mediastinum, iv. 1.
ligamentum latum pulmonis, iv. 2.
pleura pulmonalis, iv. 2. 1035 ; *. 258.
costalis, iv. 2. 1035.
diaphragmatica, iv. 2.
parietahs, s. 258.
3 I
842
GENERAL INDEX.
PLEURA continued.
relations of the diaphragm to the pleura, ii. 4.
softening of the pleura, iv. 708.
Pleuritis, characters of the urine in, iv. 1291.
cases of, in the fetus in utero, ii. 332.
Pleuronecles, a family of Fishes, iii. 957.
Pleurotrocha, a genus of Kotifera. iv. 404.
Plexus, lobular biliary, iii. 168, 169. 498. 502 ; iv. 451.
Plexuses of nerves, iii. 595.
Plexus and Plexuses of nerves in particular :
abdominal, of sympathetic, s. 48.
aortic, iv. 982; s. 429. 603.
inferior, s. 552.
axillary, ii. 361 ; iv. 754.
brachial, i. 368 j iv. 435. 754. 818.
cardiac, s. 427-
carotid, internal, s. 426.
external, s. 426.
cavernous, s. 426.
cervical, i. 368. 748 ; ii. 555 ; iii. 571.
deep, iv. 752.
posterior, iv. 751, 752.
choroid, iv. 525.
of brain, iii. 675.
of the fourth ventricle, iii. 691.
of the lateral cerebral ventricles, iii. 634.
abnormal conditions of the, iii. 720 F.
coeliac, solar, or epigastric, s. 428.
coronary, of heart, left, ii. 596.
right, ii. 596.
superior, s. 429.
diaphragmatic, left, s. 428.
right, s. 428.
epigastric, cceliac, or solar, s. 428.
gangliiormis nervi vagi, iii. 884.
gula?, iii. 759.
haemorrhoidal, s. 430.
hepatic, iii. 174; iv. 1414; s. 429.
hypogastric, iii. 918 ; iv. 982; s. 4-29. 603.
inferior, s. 429.
lumbar, i. 10.
lumbo-abdominal, iv. 761.
mesenteric, superior, iv. 982; s. 429.
inferior, s. 429.
of ninth pair, iii. 722.
oasophageal plexus, left, iii. 889.
right, iii. 889.
pharyngeal, ii. 497 ; iii. 949.
renal, iv. 982 ; s. 429. 552.
sacral, iv. 439. 765.
solar, coeliac, or epigastric, s. 428.
spermatic, iv. 982 ; s 429.
splenic, s. 429.
sympathetic, s. 426.
of thoracic aorta, s. 428.
uterine, s. 430.
vesical, s. 430.
Plexuses of veins, iv. 1387. 1412.
Plexus and Plexuses of veins in particular ,
cardiac, great, ii. 596.
diploic, iv. 1388.
haemorrhoidal, s. 381.
intra-spinal, posterior, iv. 1410.
lobular, iii. 168 ; iv. 1414.
pharyngeal venous, iii. 949.
prostatic, iv. 1254.
transverse, iv. 1410.
uterine, iv. 1412.
vaginal, iii. 167 ; iv. 1412.
vesico-prostatic, iii. 933 ; iv. 1412.
Plica polonica, iv. 144,
semilunaris, iii. 80. 84.
in comparative anatomy, iii. 84.
Plica, of uterus, s. 629.
Ploughshare bone, or vomer, i. 726 ; ii. 213 ; iii. 725.
Plurality of urinary bladders in one person, i. 390.
Plideus paradoxus, mode of reproduction of, s. 15.
Pneumatomcter, construction and mode of operation of
the, iii. 3133.
Pneumatosis, s. tympanites uteri, s. 698.
Pneumoderma, a genus of Pteropoda, iv. 180.
anatomy of, iv. 180.
Pneumogastric nerve, ii. 3. 554 ; iii. 707. 759. 881. 949 ; s.
262. See PAR VAGUM.
branches of, to the larynx, iii. 112.
in foramen jugulare or lacerum, i, 732.
flocks or lobules of the, iii. 692.
Pneumonia, s. 293.
acute, case of, iii. 120.
percussion signs of pneumo-thorax in cases of pneu-
monia, iv. 145.
characters of the urine in, iv. 1291.
Pnenmopericardium, ii. 645.
Podex. See ANUS.
Podophyra, or radiated foot animalcule, iv. 13.
Poephaga, a tribe of Marsupialia, iii. 265, et seq.
Points, lachrymal, iii. 80. 91.
Poiseuille 's haemadynamometer, i. 662.
his experiments on the force of the blood in the
arteries, i. 6b2.
Poison fangs of serpents, iv. 290. 887.
glands of serpents, iv. 888.
Poisons, action of certain, on the heart, i. 723.
s\ncope by, i. 797.
Poland/, nervous, iii. 720 H.
Pulyarthra, a genus of Rotifera, iv. 404.
Polyclinhia, a tribe of Tunicata, iv. 1189, et scq.
'characters of the tribe, iv. 1189.
genera, iv. 1189, 1190.
Polydinum, a genus of Tunicata, iv. 1189, et seq.
characters of the genus, iv. 1189.
Polydesmidce, a family of Myriapoda, iii. 546, et seq.
Polydcsmus, a genus of Myriapoda, iii. 546, el seq.
POLYGASTRIA, a class of microscopic animalcules, i. 108 5
iii. 601 ; iv. 2.
their division into families by Ehrenberg, iv. 3.
locomotion of animalcules, iv. 5.
nutritive system, ii. 28 ; iv. 14 : s. 295.
cilia in animalcules, i. 607.
dental system, iv. 15.
muscular system, iv. 15.
nervous system and organs of sense, iii. 601 ; iv.
16.
secretions, iv. 16.
reproduction, ii. 408; iv. 16; s. 6.
rissiparous generation, iv. 16.
gemmiparous reproduction, iv. 17.
sporiferous reproduction, IT. 17.
Polynesian races, physical and mental characters of the, iv.
1362.
Polypi organs of circulation in, i. 654.
'of the digestive canal, s. 419.
in the heart and larger vessels, i. 420.
concretions in the heart, ii. 648.
of the nose, iii. 739.
vesicular, iii. 740.
gelatinous, iii. 740.
fibrous, iii. 740.
malignant, iii. 740.
of the pharynx, iii. 954.
of the rectum, i. 187.
of uterus, s. 689693.
-like tumours of the tongue, iv. 1157.
POLYPIFERA, a class of Zoophytes, i. 308; iv. 18.
division of, into sub-classes and families, iv. 19.
organs of digestion of, s. 296.
nervous and muscular tissues not discernible, iii.
533.
nervous system of the, iii. 601.
structure of the integuments of, s. 484.
Hydra? described, iv. 20.
extensors of the tentacula, iv. 22.
Alcyonida? described, iv. 24.
nutrition of the Alcyonidac, iv. 27.
Corallida?, or cortical polypes, iv. 30.
Corallium rubrum, iv. 31.
Isis hippuris, iv. 32.
Madreporida?, Madrephyllidae, iv. 33.
Fungia?, iv. 33.
Pennatulida?, iv. 38.
Actiniadae, iv. 38.
Aulozoa, iv. 40.
Tubularida?, iv. 40.
tentacular apparatus, iv. 41.
digestive system, iv, 4L
circulation, iv. 42.
reproduction, iv. 42.
mode of propagation, iv. 42.
1. by continuous gemmation, iv. 42.
2. by free gemma?, iv. 43.
3. by simple ova, iv. 46.
4. by ova with a multiple vitellus, iv.
46.
5. by free gemmation and ova com-
bined, iv. 47.
Tubiporida?, iv. 47.
mode of propagation, iv. 47, 48.
Sertularida?, iv. 48.
Bryozoa, iv. 50.
muscular system, iv. 52.
alimentary system, iv. 54.
reproduction, iv. 55.
by gemma?, iv. 55.
by ova, iv. 59.
development by ova, iv. 60.
Pofyphyllfa, a genus of 1'olypifera, iv. 36.
Polypina, mode of reproduction of the, s. 16.
ova of, s. [126J. See also POLYPIFERA.
Poli/sarcia acliposa, i. 62.
Potyspore of red Algae, or Florida?, s. 221.
Polystoma pinguicola, an entozoon of the human body,
description of the, ii. 121.
venarum, an entozoon of the human body, ii. 121.
Polystomum integerrimum, a trematodc parasitic worm, ii.
Polyxenida, a family of Myriapoda?, iii. 546, et seq.
characters of the family, iii. 546.
Pvli/xenus, a genus of Myriapoda, iii. 546.
lagurus, iii. 546.
Pomcridiana, a section of Insects of the class Lepidoptcra,
ii. 867.
characters of the section, ii. 867.
Pomum Adami, i. 70 ; iii. 102. 112. 573.
physiognomical character of, iii, 573.
GENERAL INDEX.
843
Pans hepatis, iii. 161.
Tarini, iii. 673. 676. 703.
Varolii, i. 732; ii. 270. 272, 273; iii. 673. 678.
685.
office of the pons Varolii, iii. 723 E.
Popliteal aneurism, i. 236. See Aneurism ; ARTERY.
artery, ii. 243 ; iii. 48.
branches to knee-joint, iii. 48.
Popliteal nerve, iv. 768.
internal, iv. 62.
external, iv. 62.
vein, i. 242; iii. 128; iv. 1411.
origin and course, iv. 1411, 1412.
POPLITEAL REGION AND POPLITEAL ARTERY, iv. 60.
definition, iv. 60.
muscles, iv. 61.
nerves, iv, 6.'.
popliteal artery, iv. 62.
varieties, iv. 63.
branches, iv. t!4.
operative relations, iv. 64.
Popliteus muscle, iii. 139. ; iv. 62.
relations and action, iii. 139.
nerve for the, iv. 769.
Porcupine, common (Hystrix cristata), anatomy of the, iv.
372, et seq.
quill, of the structure of the, s. 478. 498.
Porcupine-rat of Azara (Echimys), anatomy of the, iv.
372, e t scq .
PORIFERA, or Amorphozoa (Sponges), i. 108; iv. 64.
definition, iv. 64.
division into families, iv. 65.
skeleton, iv. 66.
gelatinous cortex, iv. 67.
irritability, iv. 67.
circulation of water, iv. 67.
hypotheses, iv. 68.
reproduction, iv. 69 ; s. 6.
gemmules, iv. 70.
ova of, s. [129].
non-existence of muscles in the, iii. 532.
nervous system of the, iii. 601.
organs of locomotion in, i.
Porpita, mode of locomotion of the, iii. 433.
Porrigo favosa, iv. J44.
Portal canals, iv. 1414.
Pwtal vein, iii. 167 ; iv. 250. 1414; 8. 381.
veins which form the portal, iv. 1414.
inferior mesenieric, iv. 1414.
splenic, iv. 1414.
superior inesenteric, iv. 1414.
trunk of portal vein, iv. 1414.
hepatic veins, iv. 1414.
anastomosis of portal and caval veins, iii. 176.
vaginal branches and vaginal plexus, iii. 167.
interlobular veins, iii. 167.
lobular veins, iii. 168.
abdominal and hepatic origins of the portal rein, iii.
168.
formation of the portal vein in the various Vertebrate
classes, iii. 176.
anastomoses of the portal and caval veins, iii. 176.
178.
nerves of, iv. 1382.
Portio dura, or facial nerve, i. 748, 749; iii. 93. 572.707.
903 ; iv. 544.
posterior auricular branch, iii. 904.
digastric branch, iii. 904.
stylo-hyoid branches, iii. 904.
media", or intermedia, of the seventh pair of nerves, iv.
545. 548.
mollis or auditory nerve, iii. 707.
Portuguese man-of-war, i. 35. 45. See ACALEPH.S.
Porus opticus, ii. 186. 192.
Pot:ish. action of, on protein, iv. 164, 165.
and on fibrin, iv. 164.
Potato, composition of the, s. 394.
considered as the staple aliment, s. 594.
and as mixed with other kinds of food, s. 394.
ravages of the wire-worm on the potato crops, ii.
861, note *.
Potoroos, or Hypsiprymnus, a genus of Marsupialia, iii.
265, et seq.
characters of the genus, iii. 265, 266.
Pouch, recto-vesical, s. 369.
Pouches of monkeys, iv. 208.
uses of, iv. 208.
Pouparfs ligament, i. 3*. 5 ; ii. 235, 236. 757 ; 8. 137.
Pratv7t, mode of progression of the, iii. 436.
Praying insects ( Mantids), ii. 864.
Pregnancy, position of the uterus at the end of, s. 648.
usual cessation of menstruation during, ii. 440.
duration of, constancy of, throughout all the races of
mankind, iv. 1341.
enlargement of abdominal veins attendant on preg-
nancy, i. 15.
pregnancy, a predisposing cause of fragility of the
bones, i. 441.
urine of pregnant women, characters of, iv. 1294.
Prehension of food, s. 397.
the tongue as an organ of, iv. 1151.
Prepuce, praputium, iii. 910.
Prepuce continued.
fraenum praeputii, iii. 910.
monk's-head prepuce, iv. 1256.
preputial calculi, iv. 82.
Preputium clitoridis, s. 709.
Presbyopia, \. 80; iv. 1451. 1465.
causes, iv. 1465.
treatment, iv. 1466.
presbyopic spectacles, iv. 1466, 1467.
Presentation of the foetus in parturition, iii. 907.
of the head, iii. 907.
first position, iii. 907.
second position, iii. yQ7.
of the face, iii. 908.
first position, iii. 908.
second position, iii. 908.
of the lower extremities nates presentations, iii.
908.
cross presentation, iii. 908.
causes, iii. 908.
Pre-vcrtebral fascia of the neck, iii. 569.
Primitive vein, right, ii. 828.
Pristis antiquorum, or saw-fish, rostrum of, iii. 97.
980.
Proboscidia, organs and mode of locomotion of the, iii.
454.
Proboscis of the elephant, iii. 875.
Procerus muscle, iii. 728.
Process and Processes :
acromion, i. 560; ii. 157, 158; iv. 600.
angular, external and internal, i. 729.
arciformes, iii. 680.
articular of sacrum, a. 118.
auditory, external, i. 733.
auricular or maxillary, ii. 213.
azygos (rostrum), i. 726.