dages, iv. 628.
X. the coccygeal vertebra? are deprived of their
costal appendages, iv. 629.
XI. the first seven thoracic costo-vertebral
figures are whole or plus quantities, iv.
629.
XII. the five asternal costo-vertebral forms are
proportionals metamorphosed from five
sternal costo-vertebral plus quantities, iv.
630.
XIII. the five lumbar vertebra? are proportionals
metamorphosed from five sternal costo-
vertebral archetypes, iv. 630.
XIV. the sacro-coccygeal series of vertebra? are
proportionals degraded from, sternal
costo-vertebral circles, iv. 631.
XV. the seven cervical vertebras are propor-
tionals degraded from seven sterno-costo-
vertebral whcle quantities, iv. 631.
XVI. the mf.mmalian spinal axis consists of a
series of segmental quantities, whose only
variety or specific ^distinction depends
upon proportioning from whole thoracic
quantities, iv. 631.
XVII. unilormity of structure is a condition proper
to the plus thoracic originals of the
spinal axis of the mammalian body, iv.
XVIII. every spinal segment which is lesser refers
to every spinal segment which is greater ;
and all lesser segments refer to that
which is greatest, iv. 633.
XIX. structural uniformity cannot characterise
such spinal segments as are proportionally
or quantitatively various, iv. 633.
XX. specific variety is none other than propor-
tional variety, iv. 633.
XXI. the knowledge of the differential quantity
between all spinal segments, renders
them exactly uniform in idea, iv. 633.
XXII. without knowing the full dimensions of
whole or uniform quantities, we can
never rightly understand the real charac.
ter of lesser and special forms, and there-
fore can never otherwise understand the
law of formation, iv. 634.
XX III. the mammalian cervix is not limited to the
fixed number of seven cervical vertebra?,
iv. 634.
XXIV. the number of cervical vertebra? in the
mammal cervix depends upon the num-
ber of archetypal costo-vertebral figures
which have suffered metamorphosis, iv.
635.
XXV. the presence of cervical ribs subtracts from
the number of cet vical vertebra?, and adds
to the number of thoracic archetypes, iv.
636.
XXVI. the length of the thorax depends upon the
number of persistent co.^to-vertebral ar-
chetypes, iv. 636.
XXVII. the numerical length of the lumbar spinal
region depends upon the number of ar-
chetypes subjected to metamorphosis, iv.
637.
XXVIII. the numerical length of the sacral and
coccygeal scries is not fixed, and this is
owing to the same fact of archetypes un-
dergoing metamorphosis, iv. 637.
XXIX. a comparison of the same numerical verte-
bra in all human spinal axes will prove
the truth of the present interpretation of
the law which governs the development
of all vertebral forms, not only in the
same spine, but all other spines, iv. 637.
XXX. the anomaly is a link in the chain of form,
iv. 638.
XXXI. all the spinal segments of all classes and
species of verti-bratcd animals are only as
GENERAL INDEX.
859
SKELETON continued.
the variable proportionals of sterno-
costo-vertebral archetypes, iv. 638.
XXXII. the h void apparatus occurs opposite to the
cervical spinal region, where we know
costal quantity to be lost; the hyoid ap-
paratus refers to the cervical vertebra,
and consists of their ribs metamorphosed,
iv. 640.
XXXIII. the ventral apparatus occurs opposite to the
lumbar spinal region, where we under-
stand that costal quantity is lost; the
ventral apparatus refers to the lumbar
vertebrae, and consists of their ribs meta-
morphosed, iv. 643.
XXXIV. clavicles, coracoid bones, and ribs are iden-
tical parts of the costo-vertebral whole
quantities or archetypes, iv. (U4.
XXXV. marsupial bones, pubic and ischiadic bones
and ribs, are identical parts of the costo-
vertebral whole quantities or archetypes,
iv. 648.
XXXVI. chevron bones and ribs are identical parts
of the costo-vertebral whole quantities or
archetypes, iv. 650.
XXXVII. the sternal median line ranges from the
maxilla to the pubic bones of the abstract
archetypal skeletal fabric, iv. 6.51.
XXXVIII. every fossil skeletal species of extinct
animals, as well as every recent existing
species of skeleton, is a form created of
the archetypal skeleton, iv. 655.
XXXIX. the cranio-facia! apparatus consists, like the
thoracic apparatus, of variable propor-
tionals of the stern o-costo-vertebral quan-
tities, iv. 655.
XL. the scapulary or fore-limbs of all the verte-
brated animals are homologous to one
another; the variety among these or-
gans occurs by a metamorphosis or omis-
sion of elementary quantity, iv. 661.
XLI. the scapulary and pelvic members are ho-
mologous, iv. 664.
XLI I. the sterno-costo-verfebral quantity is a pro-
portional of the dorso- ventral quantity,
iv. 667.
XLIII. the scapulary and pelvic pairs of limbs are
proportional quantities metamorphosed
from the dorso-ventral archetypes, iv.
669.
XLIV. the cranio-facial apparatus of segments are
proportionals of the dorso-ventral arche-
types, iv. 673.
XLV. the cranio-facial apparatus is the origin of
the dorso-ventral archetypal series, and
the caudal apparatus is its termination,
iv. 673.
XLVI. the uniform archetypal series undergoes a
graduated metamorphosis of its quanti-
ties for the production of all varieties of
skeletal species, iv. 674.
Skeleton of American tapir, iii. 863.
of elephant, iii 858.
of hippopotamus, iii. 862.
of rhinoceros, iii. 864.
Skin in infancy, i. 69. 72.
in old age.'i. 80.
basement membrane, iii. 4S8. 496.
elasticity, ii. 59.
peripheral expansion of nerves on the papilla? of the
skin, iii. 596.
rete mucosum, or rete Malpighii, iv 1333.
pigment granules of the skin, iii. 496.
differences in the colour of the skin in various races
of mankind, iv. 1333.
freckles, iv. 1335
excretions from the skin, ii. 149.
perspiration or sweat, ii. 149. See SWEAT.
cutaneous absorption, i. 31. See ABSORPTION.
of the abdomen, i. S*.
its appearance in women who have borne children
i.3*.
of arm, i. 216.
of elbow, ii. 63.
of the nose, iii. 729.
softening of the skin, iv. 710.
softening of appendaees of the skin, iv. 710.
See TEGLMEXTARY ORGANS.
Skull. See CRAXITM.
Slave Coast, characters of the inhabitants of the, iv. 1352.
SLEEP, iii. 151); iv. 677.
definition, iv. 677.
coma compared with sleep, iv. 677.
necessity for sleep, iv. 677.
encephalon, divisions of the, iv. 677.
medulla oblongata, iv. 677.
ganglia of sensation, iv. 677.
hemispheric ganglia, iv. 677.
the cerebellum, iv. 677.
See NF.Rvnrs CTXTRES.
difference between simple sleep and hibernation, iv. 678.
cold productive of sleep and of hibernation, ii. 768.
SLEEP continued.
hibernation, ii. 766. 777.
sleep considered as the first stage of hibernation, ii.
765.
augmentation of the irritability of the muscular system
during sleep, ii. 766.
state of the respiration during sleep, ii. 766. 775.
state of the pulse during sleep, iv. 191.
influence of sleep on the production of animal heat, ii.
670.
phenomena presented by hibernating animals with
regard to the production of heat, ii. 671. See
HKAT, ANIMAL.
sleep of plants, iv. 678.
of leaves, iv. 678.
periodicity of sleep, iv. 679.
causes of sleep, iii. 723 B ; iv. 680.
those which operate directly through the scnsorial
organs themselves, iv. 680, 681.
those whose action is indirect, being exerted pri-
marily on the organic functions, iv. 681.
phenomena of ordinary sleep, iv. 682.
access of sleep, iv. 683.
power of being aroused by impressions made upon
the organs of sense, iv. 683.
one of the chief distinctions between sleep and
stupor, iv. 683.
amount of sleep required by man, iv. 683.
conditions by which it is affected, iv. 683.
during infancy and childhood, iv. 685.
during the adult period, iv. 685.
as age advances, iv. 685.
as affected by temperament, iv. 685.
influence of habit, iv. 686.
entire absence of sleep, insomnia, iv. 686.
habitual deficiency of sleep, iv. 686.
serious consequences resulting from, iv. 686.
degree to which sleep may be protracted, iv. 687.
dreaming, iii. 723 B ; iv. 687.
definition, iv. 687.
chief feature of the state of sleep, iv. 687.
reasoning processes and the imagination, iv. 687.
incoherence and incongruousncss of the thoughts
and images which pass through our minds in
dreams, iv. 688.
absence of control over the muscular system, iv. 688.
incubus, or night-mare, iv. 688.
direction of the current of thought often given by
impressions on the organs of sense, iv. 688.
rapidity with which trains of thought pass through
the mind, iv. 689.
analogous action of narcotics on the nervous sys-
tem, iv. 690.
Sleep-walking, or intense dreaming, iii. 723 B ; iv. 691.
definition, iv. 691.
character of the intellectual operations in somnam-
bulism, iv. 691.
state of somnambulism passing into that of ordinary
dreaming, iv. 691.
anecdotes, iv. 692.
exaltation of the senses when in the somnambulistic
state, iv. 693
readiness with which the train of thought may be
guided, during somnambulism, by the prin-
ciple of suggestion, iv. 694.
hypnotic experiments, iv. 694.
causes of somnambulism, iv. 695.
natural, iv. 695.
artificial, iv. 695.
Mr. Braid's hypnotism, iv. 695, 696. 703.
inhalation of anaesthetic agents, chloroform, ether,
&a, iv. 697.
Sloth, or tardigrade, the, ii. 4653.
digestive organs of the, s. 302.
pelvis of the, s. 161.
organs of voice of the, iv. 1492.
See EDENTATA.
Slugs (I.imaces), organs and mode of progression of, iii.
44o.
mode employed by gardeners to prevent slugs from
destroying young and tender plants, iii. 445.
slimy secretion of the, ii. 404.
nervous system of the, iii. 605, 606.
Small-pox of the foetus in utero, ii. 333.
SMELL, iv. 697.
in infancy, L 73.
in old age, i. 80.
definition, iv, 697.
nature of odorous emanations, iv. 697.
hypotheses, iv. 697.
general structure of the organ of smell in man, iv. fi98.
the olfactive organ in other air-breathing Verte-
brata, iv. 699.
correspondence of, with that man, iv. 699.
nerve of smell, iv. 700.
relation of the fifth pair of nerves to the sense
of, ii. 309.
section of the facial nerve indirectly affects
the sense of smell, iv. 552.
sense of smell exalted in the somnambulistic state, iv.
flM.
conditions of the exercise of the sense, iv. 70L
3K 2
860
GENERAL INDEX,
SMELL continued-
purposes of the sense, iv. 701.
the sense of smell, in the air-breathing Vertebrata,
is, as it were, the sentinel of the respiratory
organs, iv. 702.
acuteness of the sense of smell among savage tribes,
iv. 702.
exaltation of the sense of smell when a deficiency
of the other senses exists, iv. 702.
information conveyed by the sense of smell, iv. 703.
classification of odours, iv. 703.
Smell, organ of. See NOSE.
Snail, common (Helix pomatia), generative process of, ii.
397, 398.
nuptial chain of marsh -snails, iii. . r 66.
organs and mode of progression, iii. 445.
nervous system, iii. 605.
power of snails of reproducing lost parts, ii. 402.
slimy secretion, ii. 404.
Sneer of contempt, muscles which cause the, iii. 729.
Sneezing, iii. 735.
influence of, on paralytic limbs, iii. 41.
Snipe (Scolopax gallinula), nervous system of the, iii. 622.
Snout of the hog, iii. 874.
Snoiv, red, of the Arctic regions (Protococcus Kerme-
sianus), ii. 117.
Sodium, chloride of, or common salt,
effect of, in facilitating digestion, s. 335.
its alimentary value, s. 395.
Si>ft commissure of the brain, iii. 702.
SOFTENING AND INDURATION, iv. 703.
definition, iv. 703.
causes of softening and induration, iv. 704.
softening of the brain, iii. 720 A ; iv. 706.
white, iii. 720 A.
red, iii. 720 A.
cartilage, iv. 712.
cellular tissue, iv. 712.
heart, iv. 707.
kidney, iv. 712.
lungs, iv. 707.
membranes : mucous, serous, and ar-
ticular, iv. 708.
digestive canal, s. 407.
idiopathic, of the mucous membranes
of the bladder, i. 399.
muscular structure, iv. 712.
osseous framework of the body, iv. 712.
ovaries, iv. 712
prostate gland, iv. 712.
skin, iv. 710.
spinal cord, iii. 714; iv, 706.
red, iii. 714.
white, iii. 714.
pancreas, s. 109.
spleen, iv. 711.
uterus, iv. 712.
induration of the brain, iv. 706.
cellular tissue, iv. 712.
epididymis, iv. 712.
fibrous tissue, iv. 713.
heart, iv. 707.
kidney, iv. 712.
lungs, iv. 707.
membranes : mucous, serous, and
articular, iv. 710,711.
ovaries, iv. 712.
spinal cord, iv. 7C6.
spleen, iv. 711.
testicle, iv. 712.
uterus, iv. 712.
See ADVENTITIOUS PRODUCTS, Growths.
Solar, cffiliac, or epigastric, plexus of nerves, s. 428.
Solar light, influence of, on animal luminousness, iii. 199.
Sole-pad of the dromedary, structure of the, s. 531.
Solea vulgaris, or sole, tongue of, iv. 1146.
Soleus muscle, iii. 127. 132. 138.
relations, iii. 139.
Solids, sound transmitted by, ii. 566.
animal progression on, iii. 440. See MOTION, ANIMAL.
Solidungula, pelvis of the, s. 156.
Weberian organ in the, iv. 1419.
SoLIPEDA,iv.713.
definition of the group, iv. 713.
genus Equus, iv. 714.
species : Equus caballus (the horse), iv. 714.
Equus hemionus (the Dzigguetai), iv.
Equus asinus (the ass), iv. 714.
Equus zebra (the zebra), iv. 714.
Equus quaccha (the quagga), iv. 714.
Equus montanus (the onagga or dauw), iv.
similarity of these species in their anatomy,
iv. 714.
Osteology, iv. 715.
skull, iv. 715.
spinal column, iv. 716.
cervical vertebrae, iv. 716.
atlas, iv. 716.
axis, iv. 716.
vertebras of the loins, iv. 718.
SOLIPEDA, osteology continued.
sacrum, iv. 718.
caudal vertebra?, iv. 718.
thorax, iv. 718.
sternum, iv. 718.
ribs, iv. 718.
anterior extremity, iv. 718.
scapula, iv. 718.
humerus, iv. 718.
forearm, iv. 718.
carpus, iv. 718.
metacarpal bones, iv. 719.
posterior extremity, iv. 719-
pelvis, iv. 719.
os femoris, iv. 720.
leg, iv. 720.
tibia and fibula, ir. 720.
tarsus and metatarsus, iv. 721.
Myology, iv. 721.
panniculus carnosus, iv. 721.
proper muscles of the spine, iv. 722.
spinalis dorsi et cervicis, iv. 722.
longissimus dorsi, iv. 722.
transversalis colli, iv. 722.
sacro-lumbalis, iv. 722.
cervicalis descendens, iv. 723.
multifidus spinae, iv. 723.
intransversarii colli, iv. 723.
longus colli, iv. 723.
quadiatus lumborum, iv. 723.
muscles which raise or straighten the tail, iv.
723.
which depress the tail, iv. 723.
adapted to move the tail laterally, iv.
724.
muscles derived from the spinal column which
serve immediately for the movements of the
cranium, iv. 724.
muscles of the ribs and sternum, iv. 724.
walls of the abdomen, iv. 725.
anterior extremity, iv. 725.
muscles of the shoulder, iv. 725.
muscles inserted into the humerus, iv.
724.
muscles of the fore-arm, iv. 725.
flexors, iv. 725.
extensors, iv. 725.
supinators, iv. 725.
pronators, absence of, iv. 725.
muscles of the carpus and metacarpus, iv.
725.
muscles of the hand, iv. 728.
posterior extremity, iv. 729.
muscles of the pelvis, iv. 729.
muscles inserted into the os femoris, iv.
729.
flexor muscles of the leg, iv. 729.
extensor muscles of the thigh, iv. 729.
muscles implanted into the foot, iv. 730.
muscles implanted into the digit, iv. 730.
muscles which act immediately upon the
lower jaw, iv. 731.
muscles of the os hyoides, iv. 731.
muscles of the tongue, palate, and larynx,
iv. 732.
muscles of the face, iv. 732.
alimentary apparatus, iv. 732.
teeth, iv. 732. 867.
salivary glands, iv. 732.
parotid, iv. 732.
submaxillary, iv. 732.
sublingual, iv. 732.
molar, iv. 732.
pharynx, iv. 732.
stomach and intestine, iv. 733; s. 303.
liver, iv. 736.
spleen, iv. 736.
pancreas, iv. 737.
circulatory apparatus, iv. 737.
structure of the horse's foot, iv. 737.
horny hoof, iv. 737.
frog, iv. 738.
sole, iv. 739.
cartilages of the foot, iv. 740.
soft parts of the foot, iv. 741.
nervous system and organs of the senses, iv. 741.
organs of generation, iv. 742.
male, iv. 742.
scrotum, iv. 742.
penis, iv. 742.
testicles, iv. 742.
female, iv. 743.
urinary bladder, iv. 743.
orifice of the uterus, iv. 743.
ovaria and Fallopian tubes, iv. 743.
gravid uterus, iv. 743.
urachus, iv. 743.
hippomanes, iv. 744.
mammary glands, iv. 744.
wild and domesticated horses compared, iv. 1313.
transmission of acquired instincts in horses, iv.
1313.
GENERAL INDEX.
80 1
Somnambulism, phenomena of, iii. 723 B. ; iv. 691.
definition, iv. 691.
character of the intellectual operations in somnambu-
lism, iv. 691.
state of somnambulism passing into that of ordinary
dreaming, iv. 691.
anecdotes, iv. 692.
exaltation of the senses when in the somnambulistic
state, iv. 693.
readiness with which the train of thought may be
guided during somnambulism, by the principle of
suggestion, iv. 694.
hypnotic or mesmeric experiments, iv. 691.
causes of somnambulism, iv. ixJ.
natural, iv. 695.
artificial, iv. 695.
Mr. Braid's hypnotism, iv. 695, 69& 703.
inhalation of anaesthetic agents, productive of a state
resembling somnambulism, iv. 697.
Soot. warts, and cancer scroti, iv. 1014.
S-ircx, or shrew, pelvis of the, s. 161.
or tufts, of some Algae, s. 215.
Sorici,l<p, or shrew family, ii. 994.
Suuakiny chief, portrait of, iv. 1-356.
Soul, immortality of the, one of the chief natural arguments
for the, iv. 1301.
the soul considered as an entity totally distinct from the
body, iii. 722 Z.
quotation from Butler's " Analogy," iii. 722 Z.
the mind considered as the mode of action of the soul,
iii. 1-1-2 Z.
Sound, phenomena of, ii. 565.
analogy between sound and light, ii. 566.
direction of sound, ii. 570. 577.
power in various animals of distinguishing the
direction of sound, ii. 570.
Wheatstone's theory of our notions of audible
direction, ii. 579.
limits of audition, ii. 575.
media by which sounds are communicated, air, water,
solids, ii. 56-:.
office of the different parts of the ear in the function of
hearing, ii. 567. See HEARING, physiology of.
pitch, intensity, and quality iu musical sounds, ii. 566.
reflexion of sound, ii. 566.
echoes, phenomena of, ii. 566.
variation in the limits of sensibility to sounds in dif-
ferent individuals, ii. 575.
experiments, ii. 575.
velocity with which sound travels, ii. 566.
Sjund, emission of sound ot" muscle in action, iii. 526.
Sounds of the heart, ii 614. See HEART, PHYSIOLOGY OF,
Soups, nutrition of, ii. 13.
Sow, ovary of the, s. 555, 556. 560.
Space, intercrural or interpeduncular, iii. 673. 703.
omo-clavicular, iv. 817.
perforated posterior, iii. 703.
inter-lobular, iii. 166.
recto-urethral, iii. 932.
triangular, iii. 932.
Spalax typh'us, or mole rat, anatomy of the, iv. 369, et seq.
Sparidte, a family of Fishes, iii. 956, et seq.
Sparrows, their mode of walking, iii. 451.
Spasm, or cramp, iii. 720 K.
of the glottis. See LARYNX.
of the muscles of the larynx, iii. 123.
and stricture of the urethra, iii. 925.
of the urinary bladder, i. 403.
Spasmodic affections of the face, ii. 229.
Species, distinction of, ii. 444.
means by which the distinction of species is insured ,
ii. 444.
hybrids or mules, ii. 44-5.
impediments opposed by nature to the promiscuous
breeding of distinct species, ii. 445.
Species of man, iv. 1301. See VARIETIES OF MANKIND.
Specific gravity of arteries, i. 224.
Spectacles, for various condicions of defective vision, iv.
1466, 1467.
injurious habit of wearing "preservers," iv. 1465.
best method of testing spectacles, iv. 1467.
Spectra, ocular, phenomena of, iii. 723 B.
Speech, power of, upon what it depends, iii.723 C. See VOICE.
Sperm-cells, s. 4. See OVUM.
Spermaceti, ii. 233.
oil, chemical characters of, i. 590 ; ii. 233.
Spermagonice ot lichens, s. 227.
Spermatic animalcules. See Spermatozoa.
arteries, i. 189. 220 ; ii. 844 ; iv. 981. 933 ; 8. 552. 640.
cord, i. 4*; iv. 986.
diffused hydrocele of the, iv. 999.
encysted hydrocele of the, iv. 1COO.
haematocele of the, iv. 1003.
encysted, iv. 1003.
fascia, i. 5.
deep, iv. 996.
superficial or external, iv. 986.
fluid, i. 127. See SEMEN.
nerve, external, iv. 762.
plexus of nerves, iv. 982; 8. 429.
process, ii. 841. 844.
veins, iv. 981. 1413.
Spermatozoa, or corpuscula seminis, ii. 112. 459; ir. 472;
s. 3.
discovery of, ii. 459.
fanciful hypotheses respecting them, ii. 461.
nature of spermatozoa, ii. 459, 4f>0.
Treviranus' and Baer's observations, ii. 430.
propagation of, ii. 112.
liquor seminis, iv. 472.
periodical development of the spermatozoa and tes-
ticles, iv. 473.
rutting period, iv. 473.
form, appearance, size, and history of spermatozoa,
ii. 111.459; iv. 474.
in man, iv. 474.
in Mammalia, iv. 474.
in Aves, iv. 477.
in Reptilia, iv. 480.
in Pisces, iv. 483.
in Mollusca, iv. 484.
in Cephalopoda, iv. 4S:..
in Gasteropoda, iv. 485.
in Acephala, iv. 487.
in Articulata, iv. 488.
in Insecta, iv. 48.
in Arachnida, iv. 490.
in Myriapoda, iv. 492.
in Crustacea, iv. 493.
in Annelida, iv. 496.
in Brypzoa, iv. 497.
in Rotifera, iv. 498.
in Radiata, iv. 498.
in Echinodermata, iv. 498.
in Acalephae and Acanthozoa, iv. 499.
general conclusions respecting the morphology and
development of spermatozoa, iv. 499.
organisation of the spermatozoa, iv. 52.
motions of the spermatozoa, iv. 502.
existence of spermatozoa in the fluid contents of tha
cyst, in encysted hydrocele of the testicle, iv.
998
chemical composition of spermatozoa, iv. 505.
physiological office of the semen, ii. 112; iv. 507.
action of the spermatozoa on the internal contents of
the ovum, s. [137], [138].
See E \TOZO A ; SEME>.
Sperocyclistus, a genus of Myriapoda, iii. 546, etteq.
Speropceus, a genus of Myriapoda, iii. 546, et seq.
Sperostreptus, a genus of Myriapoda, iii. 546, et seq.
Sphacelus, a sign of actual death, i. 807.
Sphteria, thecae and paraphyses of, s. '227.
Spheerobolus, a genus of Myriapoda, iii. 546, et seq.
Spheerotheria, a genus of Mvriapoda, iii. 546, et seq.
Sphenoid bone, i. 726 ; iii. 725.
alae raajores, i. 726,727.
minores, i. 726. 728.
articulations, L 728.
body of the bone, i. 726.
cells, sphenoidal, i. 726.
definition, i. 726.
development, i. 728.
in intra-uterine life, i. 728.
in extra-uterine life, i. 728.
surfaces, anterior, i. 726.
posterior, i. 726.
under, i. 726.
upper, i. 726.
azygos process, i. 255.
Sphenoidal cells, i. 726.
Spheroidal sinuses, iii. 725.
suture, i. 737.
ventricle, iii. 674.
Spheno-maxillary nerve, ii. 283.
S^heno-ocdpital bone, i. 733.
Spheno-palatine artery, i. 490; iii. 733.
foramen, ii. 211.
nerves, ii. 284.
Spheno-parietal suture, i. 737.
Spheno-temporal suture, i. 737.
Spherical aberration of light, iv. 1438. 1441.
Sphincter ani cutaneus (vel coccygeo-an:d, sphincter ex-
ternus, constrictor ani), i. 176; s. 309.
use, i. 176.
internus vel orbicularis, i. 176 ; s. 138. 369.
action, i. 177.
remarks on the nervous action of the sphincteres am,
iii. 721 K.
oris muscle, ii.223.
vagina; muscle, s. 138.
Sphinges, or hawk-moths (Crepuscularia), ii. 866.
Sphinx atropos, or death's-head moth, its attacks on bee-
hives, iii. 21.
elephant (Deilephila elpenor), ii. 867.
ligustri, ii. 875.
larva of, ii. 875. 877.
Spices, employment of, in diet, ii. 15.
effects of, on various parts of the body, it 15.
Spicula of sponges. See PORIFERA.
Spider, its mode of taking its prey. iii. 8, 9.
organs and mode of locomotion, iii. 444.
muscular system, iii. 539.
nervous system, iii. 609.
ova of spiders, s. [1 14].
3K 3
862
GENERAL INDEX.
Spider continued.
instinct of Cteniza caementariain constructing its sub-
terranean abode, iii. 10.
and of the water-spider in the construction of her
habitation, iii. 9.
web of spiders, i. 209.
See ARACHNIDA ; Araneidce.
Spfeot of Iteil, iii. 691,692.
Snina bifida, iii. 713; iv. <57.
totalis, iv. 957.
partialis, iv. 957.
of the foetus in utero, ii. ?.2I.
tuberculi majoris, ii. 159.
minoris, ii. 159.
ventosa, osteosarcoma, osteosteatoma, enchondroma,
iv. 132134.
definition, ii. 516.
origin of the disease, ii. 516.
description of the disease, i. 457.
progress of the disease, i. 457.
in children, i. 457.
in adults, i. 457.
treatment, i. 457.
of the bones of the hand, remarkable case of, ii.
514,515.
SPINAL Accessory Nerve, i. 731 ; iii. 707. 835 ; iv. 745. 820.
origin and course, iv. 745.
branch, external, iii. 885 ; iv. 748.
internal, iv. 748.
connexion of the spinal accessory and vagus, iii. 890.
comparative anatomy of the spinal accessory nerve, iv.
748.
physiology of the spinal accessory, iv. 749.
Spinal apoplexy, cause of, iii. 713.