Vegetables, compared with animals, i. 124.
cellular tissue, i. 125.
chemical composition, i. 124.
immediate principles, i. 125.
acids, i. 125.
oxides, i. 125.
circulation, i. 133.
digestion, i. 132.
electricity, i. 137.
forms, i. 124.
heat, i. 136.
hibernation of plants, iii. 157.
injurious effects of forcing a new crop in an un-
naturally short interval, iii. 157.
light, i. 136.
motion, i. 139.
nutrition, i. 130.
Vegetables continued.
organic composition, i. 135.
reproduction, i. 129. See REPRODUCTION, VEGE-
TABLE.
respiration, i. 132 ; iv. 328.
secretion, i. 135.
sensation, i. 139.
size, i. 124.
symmetry of plants, iv. 852.
tubular or vascular tissue, i. 125.
vital manifestations, i. 127.
ultimate elements of vegetables, ii. 12.
substances used as food, ii. 13.
on the relation which exists between the animal and
vegetable kingdoms, as regards the function of re-
production, s. 256.
VEIN, iv. 1367.
literary history, iv. 1367.
I. structure, iv. 1368.
epithelium, iv. 1369.
fenestrated membrane, iv. 1369.
internal tunic of longitudinal fibres, iv. 1371.
middle coat of intermixed circular and longitudinal
fibres, iv. 1372.
external coat of longitudinal fibres, iv. 1373.
minute veins, iv. 1373.
regions in which the veins undergo striking modi-
fications in structure, iv. 1375.
veins at their junction with the heart, iv.
1375.
cavae, passing through the diaphragm and pe-
ricardium, iv. 1376.
cerebral sinuses, iv. 1376.
umbilical vein, iv. 1376.
venous valves, iv. 1377.
structure of valves, iv. 1379.
fibrous lamina, iv. 1379.
sinuses in the walls of the veins, iv. 1380.
office of valves, iv. 1381.
vasa vasorum, iv. 1381.
nerves of veins, iv. 1382.
comparative structure, iv. 1382.
caudal venous heart of eel, iv. 1333.
II. physical and vital properties, iv. 1384.
vital contractility, iv. 1384.
venous tonicity, iv. 1385.
III. general remarks upon veins: origin, course, anasto-
moses, plexuses, &c., iv. 1385.
origin of veins, iv. 1386.
course, anastomoses, plexuses, &c., iv. 1386.
IV. function of veins, iv. 1389.
circulation in the veins, iv. 13*9.
as diverticula and reservoirs of blood, iv. 1389.
venous absorption, i. 24; iv. 1390.
V. development of veins, iv. 1390.
as capillaries, iv. 1390.
morbid anatomy of veins, iv. 1391.
phlebitis, iv. 1392.
plastic phlebitis, iv. 1392.
suppurative phlebitis, iv. 1394.
obliteration of veins, iv. 1395.
healing of wounds in veins, iv. 13P5.
effects of ligatures on veins, iv. 1396.
phlebectesis ; varix, iv. 1397.
varices of the leg, iv. 13 ( J8.
varicocele, iv. 1399.
haemorrhoids, iv. 1399.
rupture or perforation of veins, iv. 1399.
affections of the valves of veins, iv. 1400.
phlenolites, iv. 1400.
calcareous degeneration of veins, iv. 1402.
fatty tumours, iv. 1402.
entozoa in veins, iv. 1402.
calcareous deposits in the coats of veins, iv. 89.
1. parietal, iv. 89.
2. central, iv. 89.
intra-venous air, secretion of, iv. 145.
adventitious formations in the, iv. 1U2.
Vein-stones, or phlebolites, iv. 1400.
f'eins in particular ;
abdominal, i. 15.
alar, iv. 1407.
alveolar, Iv. 1404.
angular, iv. 1404.
of ankle, i. 150.
articular, iv. 1411.
auricular posterior, iii, 903.
axillary, i. 360; iii. 249; iv. 1407.
azygos, i. 365; iv. 1381. 1404. 1409.
dorsal, i. 368.
major, i. 365; iv. 1409.
minor, or semi-azygos, i. 365 ; iv. 1409.
superior, i. 366.
left, iv. 1409.
basilic, i. 216. 360; ii. 63. 3G1. 3G2 ; iv. 1107.
median, iv. 1407.
b:>si-vertebral of Breschet, iii. 630.
of brain, iii. 704.
of bones, i. 436.
brachio-cephalic, ii. 851 ; iv. 1408.
of brain, iii. 704.
bronchial, i. 366; ir. 1409.
GENERAL IN 7 DEX.
885
J'eint continued.
buccal, iv. 1404.
cardiac, great, iv. 1414.
posterior, iv. 1414.
cephalic, i. 216. 359, 360 ; ii. 63 ; iii. 249 ; iv. 1407.
median, iv. 1407.
cerebral, iv. 1382.
ophthalmic, iii. 94.
coronaria ventriculi, ir. 1414.
coronary, great, ii. 596; iv. 1404. 1414.
smaller posterior, ii. 597 ; iv. 1415.
anterior, ii. 5l>7
of clitoris, 8. 709. 713.
of cranium, i. 748, 749.
crural anterior, ii. 838.
circumflex, iv. 1407.
ilii, iv. 1411.
internal, iv. 1412.
dental, inferior, iv. 1405.
of diaphragm, ii. 4.
dorsal of clitoris, s. 709.
of penis, iii. 933; iv. 1254.
dorsi-spinal, iv. 1410.
of dura mater, iii. 629.
of ear, ii. 566.
external, ii. 566.
of elbow, ii. 63.
emulgent or renal, iv. 236. 238.
epigastric, superficial, iv. 1411, 1412.
deep, iv. 1412.
epiploic, iv. 1414.
from eyelids, iii. 94.
facial, ii. 227; iv. 1382. 1404. 1406.
transverse, ii. 228 ; iii. 933.
deep, or alveolar, iv. 1404.
ophthalmic, iii. 94.
of Fallopian tube, s. 6 3.
femoral, superficial, ii. 238; iv. 1412.
of foot, dorsal, ii. 351.
plantar, ii. 355.
of fore-arm, ii. 361.
frontal or vena praeparata, i. 748 ; iv. 1404.
of Galen, iv. 1415.
gastric, iv. 1414; s. 325.
gastro -epiploic, right, s. 3'27. 381.
left, s. 327.
gluteal, ir. 1412.
hsemorrrioidai,iii.933; iv. 1412.
inferior, iv. 1412.
superior, iv. 1412.
of hand, deep, ii. 526.
superficial, ii. 526.
of heart, iv. 1414,
hepatic, iii. 172; iv. 1414.
iliac, external, ii. 838 ; iv. 1412.
internal, iii. 933, 934 ; iv. 1412.
common, right, iv. 1412.
left, iv. 1412.
collateral, iv. 1412.
infra orbital, iv. 1404.
innominata, iv. 1408.
right, iv. 1408.
left. iv. 1408.
collateral, iv. H08.
intercostal, i. 365 ; iv. 1409.
left superior, iv. 1409.
interlobular, iii. 167. 173; iv. 1414.
interosseal, palmar, iv. 1407.
intestinal, s. 30.
intra-lobular, iv. 1414.
jugular, anterior, i 732 ; iii. 571. 579.
internal, iv. 815, 816. 1406.
external, ii. 227 ; iii. 571. 903 ; iv. 1405.
of knee-joint, iii. 48.
laryngeal, iv. 1406.
of leg, iii. 128.
lingual, iv. 1406.
lobular, iii. 168.
lumbar, iv. 14i3.
mammary, iii. 216. 249; iv. 823. 14C8.
masseteric, iv. 1404.
maxillary, iii. 903. 949; iv. 140?.
median, "ii. 63. 362. 524.
basilic, ii. 23. 361,382.
cephalic, ii. 64, 361. 362.
of memhranous labyrinth, ii. 543.
meningeal, middle, iv. 1405.
mesenteric, superior, iv. 1414 ; s. 3S1.
inferior, iv. 1414.
nasal, iii. 734.
obturator, iv. 1412.
occipital, iv. 1405, 1406.
oesophageal, s. 326.
ophthalmic, ii. 228 ; iii. 786.
cerebral, iii. 94.
facial, iii. 94.
ovarian, iv. 1413.
palatine, iv. 1414.
palpebral, iv. 1411.
pancreatic, iv. 1414 ; s. 86.
pancreatico-duodenal, s. 381.
of parotid region, iii. 903.
t'eins continued.
of penis, iii. 917 ; iv. 1254.
dorsal, iii. 933; iv. 1254.
of perineum, iii. 933.
pharyngeal, iii. 949 ; iv. 1406.
phrenic, iv. 1413.
plantar, ii. 355.
deep, internal, iv. 1411.
external, iv. 1411.
popliteal, i. 242 ; iii. 128 ; iv. 1411.
portal, iii. 167 ; iv. 250. 1382. 1414 ; s. 381.
primitive, right, ii. 828.
profunda, iv. HI 2.
pterygoid, iv. 1405.
pubic, superficial, iv. 1411.
pudic, iv. 1412; s. 714.
pulmonary, ii. 581, 582; 8. 274.
pyloric, superior, s. 327. 381.
rachidian, iv. 1404. 1409.
radial, ii, 63. 362 ; iv. 1406.
ranine, iv. 1404.
of rectum, i. 181.
renal, iv. 236. 238. 1413.
sacral, middle, iv. 1409.
lateral, iv. 1409.
salvatella, iv. 1407.
satellite, of gustatory nerve, iv. 1404.
of scapular region, iv. 437.
sciatic, iv. 1412.
saphena, i. 15. 148 ; ii. 238 ; iv. 61.
internal, or long, iv. 1411.
cutaneous and communicating branches,! v.l 411.
posterior, or external, iv. 1411.
major, ii. 351 ; iii. \^8.
minor, ii. 851 ; iii. 128.
spermatic, iv. 981. 1413.
spinal, iii. 657; iv. 1404. 1406. 1409.
superficial, or extra spinal, iv. 1409.
deep, or intra-spinal, iv. 1409.
posterior deep, iv. 1409.
:, iv. 788. 1414 ; s. 381.
splenic,
stomach, s. 325.
snbclavian, iii. 578. 817; iv. 815. 1407.
subcutaneous of elbow, ii. 63.
sublobular, iii. 173; iv. 1414.
submeittal, iv. 1404.
subscapular, iv. 1407.
superficial, of neck, iii. 571.
of supra-renal capsules, Iv. 833.
supra-orbital, iv. 1404.
sural, iv. 1411.
temporal, iii. 903; iv. 1405.
deep, iv. 1405.
temporo-maxillary, iv. 1405.
communicating branch from the, iv. 1405.
of Thebesius, or venae minima, ii, 527 : iv. 1415.
thoracic, iv. 1407.
thyroid, iv. 1407.
inferior, ii. 851 ; iv. 1408.
superior, iv. 1406.
middle, iv. 1406.
tibial, iv. 1411.
transverse, iv. 1107.
facial, ii. 127 ; iii. 933.
ulnar, ii. 63 ; iv. 1407.
umbilical, iii. 936 ; iv. 1374.
of urethra, iv. 1254.
in female, iv. 1264.
of urinary bladder, i. 386.
uterine, s. 641.
vaginal, iv. 1414; s. 706.
vasa brevia, iv. 1414.
vesical, i. 387; iv. 1412.
vertebral, iv. 815. 822. 1406. 1408.
ofvilli of intestine, s. 352.
Velella limbosa, mode of progression of the, iii. 433.
Velocity, in insects and birds. See MOTION, ANIMAL.
of the camel, iii. 454.
of fishes, iii. 438. See MOTION, ANIMAL.
of the hare, iii. 453, 454.
of predaceous insects, iii. 443.
of some species of Quadrumana, iii. 456.
of sound. See Sound.
J'clum interpositum, iii. 635. 676.
palati, iii. 951.
or trigone, of the bladder, i. 385.
posterior medullary, iii. 690.
Vena alba thoracis of Kustachius, iii. 206.
cava, i. 11; ii. 828.
superior, ii. 5<0; iv. 1404. 1408.
veins which form the, iv. 14041410.
inferior, or vena cava ascendens, ii. 579, 580 : IT.
1411. 1413.
origin, course, aid relations, ir. 1413.
dilatations, iv. 1413.
collateral branches, iv. 1413.
renal veins, iv. 1413.
spermatic veins, iv. 1413.
ovarian veins, iv. 1413.
lumbar veins, iv. 1413.
inferior phrenic, iv. 1413.
nerves of, iv. 1382.
886
GENERAL INDEX.
Vena cava continued,
anastomoses of vena cava and portal vein, iii. 176.
17*.
fissure for the, iii. 161.
coronaria cordis minor, ii. 597.
maxima cordis, ii. 596.
innominata. right, iv. 815, 816.
porta?, s. 325. 327. 381.
stilcus of, iii. 161.
prseparata, or frontal vein, i. 748.
saivatella, iv. 1407.
saphena, i. 15.148; ii. 238.
major, iii. 128.
minor, iii. 128.
Vents comites, i. 360 ; iv. 1407, et sr?.
accompanying arterial vessels of muscles, iii. 516.
of bmchia'l artery, i. 217.
innomir.ata? of Vieussens, ii. 597.
magna? Galeni, iii. 631. 640. 705.
minima?, or veins of Thebesius, ii. 597 ; iv. 1415.
Venereal disease, suppurating node a symptom of, i.
449.
VENOUS SYSTEM, iv. 1403.
definition, iv. 1403.
I. pulmonary veins, iv. 1403.
II. systemic veins, iv. 1401.
A. veins which form the vena cava superior, iv.
1404.
1. veins of the head and face, iv. 1404.
facial vein, iv. 1404.
temporal vein, iv. 1405.
superficial, iv. 1405.
middle, iv. 1405.
internal maxillary, iv. 1405.
occipital, iv. 140"'.
2. veins of the neck, iv. 1405.
jugular vein, external, iv. 1405.
anterior, iv. 1405.
internal, iv. 1406.
collateral branches, iv.
1406.
vertebral vein, iv. 1406.
spinal veins, iv. 1406.
3. veins of the upper extremity, iv. 1406.
superficial, iv. 1406.
radial, or external superficial veins, iv.
1406.
ulnar, or internal superficial veins, iv.
1407.
basilic vein, iv. 1407.
median, iv, 1407.
deep veins of the upper extremity, iv.
1407.
satellite veins of the brachial artery,
iv. 1407.
subclavian vein, iv. 1407.
brachio-cephalic veins (vena? innomi-
nata?), iv. 1408.
right vena innominata, iv. 1408.
left venainnominatu, iv. 1408.
collateral branches of biachio-ce-
phalic, iv. 1408.
inferior thyroid veins, iv. 1408.
internal mammary veins, or vena? co-
mites to the trunk oi each internal
mammary artery, iv. 1408.
vena cava superior, iv. 1408.
azygos veins, iv. 1409.
greater, iv. 1409.
lesser, iv. 1409.
left, superior, iv. 1409.
bronchial veins, iv. 1409.
sacral veins, middle and lateral, iv.
14(9.
veins of the spine, iv. 1409.
superficial, or extra-spinal veins,
iv 1409, 1410.
deep, or intra-spinal veins, iv.
1409, 1410.
13. veins which form the inferior vena cnva, iv.
1411.
veins of the lower extremities, iv. 1411.
superficial set, iv. 1411.
saphena vein, internal or long, iv.
1411.
external or posterior saphena, iv.
1411.
deep veins, iv. 1411.
deep plantar, external and internal,
iv. 1411.
poplita?al vein, iv. 1411.
femoral vein, iv. 1412.
external iliac, iv. 1412.
internal circumflex ilii, iv. 1412.
internal iliac, iv. 1412.
common ili*c, right, iv. 1412.
left, iv. 1412.
collateral branches of common
iliac, iv. 1412.
ilio-lumbar vein, iv. 1412.
middle sacral vein, iv. 1 H3.
lateral sacral vein, iv. 1413.
VENOUS SYSTEM continued.
inferior vena cava (vena cava as-
cendens), iv. 1413.
origin, course, and relations, iv.
1413.
dilatations, iv. 1113.
collateral branches, iv. 1413.
renal veins, iv. 1413.
supra-renal veins, iv. 1413.
spermatic veins, iv. 1413.
ovarian veins, iv. 1413.
lumbar veins, iv. 1413.
inferior phrenic veins, iv.
1413.
portal venous system, iv. 1414.
inferior mesenteric, iv, 1414.
splenic, iv. 1411.
superior mesenteric, iv. 1414.
trunk of vena portae, iv. 1414.
hepatic vein, 1414.
C. cardiac veins, iv. 1414.
great cardiac vein, iv. 1414.
posterior cardiac vein, iv. 1415.
Venter, !. 1. See ABDOMEN.
magnus of Kuminantia, ii. 11.
Ventral hernia, congenital, iv. 950.
notch, s. (26.
Ventricles of the brain, iii. G25. 704.
choroid plexuses of the lateral, iii. 634.
velum interpositum, iii. 635. 704.
Ventricle, third, iii. 676. 704.
third, choroid plexuses of, iii. 676.
commissure of, anterior, iii. 676, 677.
posterior, iii. 676.
soft, or grey, iii. 677.
floor of, anterior part of, iii. r>76.
middle part of, iii. 676.
posterior part of, iii. 67G.
openings of, iii. fi/G, 677.
fourth, iii. 678 693. 704.
choroid plexus of the, iii. 691.
fifth, iii. 674. 704.
development, iii. 675.
lateral, iii. 674.
body of, iii. 674.
cornu, anterior, iii. 674.
descending, iii. 674.
posterior, iii. 674.
morbid states of the ventricles, iii. 720 E.
dilatation, iii. 720 E.
in children, hydrocephalus internus, iii.
720 E.
in adults, iii. 720 E.
colour of the fluid contained in the ventricles, iii.
720 E.
choroid plexus, deposit of lymph on, 720 F.
earthy concretions in, iii. 720 F.
vesicles in, formerly regarded as hydatids, iii.
720 F.
of corpus callosum, iii. 674.
of the heart (or pars cordis arteriosa), i. 638.
capacity of the, i. 657, 65S.
See HEART (normal anatomy),
of the larynx, iii. 112.
of septum lucidum, iii. 674.
development, iii. 675.
Ventriculus anterior, s. dexter, s. pulmonal's, ii. 580. See
HEART (normal anatomy).
bulbosus, or gizzard, of birds, functions of, ii. 11, 12.
sinister, v. posterior, v. aorticus, ii. 582. See HEART
(normal anatomy).
succenturiatus, or duodenum. See Duodenum.
Venus decussata, ovarian ova of, s. [10[>].
Verelillum, ova of, s. [127].
Vermecelii tnarini. ii. 401.
Vermes suctorii. 'See ENTOZOA ; Sterelmintha.
tuia?fbrmes. See ENTOZOA ; Sterelmintha.
teretes. See ENTOZOA ; Sterelmintha.
vesiculares. See ENTOZOA ; Sterelminlha.
unciati. See ENTOZOA ; Sterehnhitha.
Vermiform animals, mode of progression of, iii. 434.
appendix, development of, s. 402.
process, inferior, iii. 678. 6*9.
superior, iii. 678. 688.
Verrucarite, organs of reproduction of, s. 229.
Vertebra; generally. See SKELETON.
articulations of, i. 250. 255.
dorsal, iv. 1022.
Ik amenta subflava of the, i. 251.
fibro-cartilaginous lamina? of, i. 250.
analogy between a vertebra and a cranium, i. 740.
caries of, i. 451.
of Mammalia, iii. 235.
of Carnivora, i. 475. See CARNIVORA.
of Marsupialia, iii. '276,
of Monotremata, iii. 374.
table of the number of, in Birds, i. 272. See AVES.
of Fishes, iii. 958.
of Amphibia, i. 93.
Vertebral arteries, i. 367. 731 ; iii. 704 ; iv. 816. 819.
origin, iv. 819.
relations, iv. 820.
GENERAL INDEX.
887
Vertebral, arteries continued.
branches, iv
to the prsevertebral muscles, iv. 820.
to spinal arteries, iv. ^1 .
t< cervicalis profunda, iv. 821
spinal arteries, iv. 821.
posterior, iv. 821.
anterior, iv. 821.
varieties occasionally observable in the, iv. 822.
column, orBce of, in the progression of man, iii. 4-=>6.
power and resistance of each vertebra, iii. 457.
vertebral column of man compared with that of
the lower animals, iv. 1296.
vertebral, or smaller, muscle of diaphragm, ii. 3.
system of muscles, iii. 511.
vein, iv. 815. S'22. 1406. 140**.
J'cr/chrata. muscular system of, iii. 541.
nervous system of, reviewed, iii. 614.
J'crlct, or bregma, i. 725. See CRANU M.
J'ci (i^o, cause of. i. 416 ; iii. 723 C.
production of the sense of vertigo by turning round
quickly on one's own axis, iii. 7-3 C.
Veru montanum, iv. 148. 150, 151 ; iv. 1252. See Caput
gallinaginis.
1'esica natatoria of fishes, i. 376.
urinaria, i. 37'3. See BLADDER OF URINE.
Vesical arteries, ii. 830. .
fascia, i. 388.
plexus of nerves, s. 430.
veins, i. 387 ; iv. U12.
Vesicle, germinal, of Purkinje, s. 70. [87]. [133].
Vesicles or follicles, Graafian. s. 56. [M]. [*9]. See OVUM.
Jt'sf'co-prostatic plexus of veins, iii. 933 : iv. 1412.
Vest co-uterine folds, iii. 943.
Vesicula spermatica spuria, iv. 151.
development of, iv. 153.
VEsicn A PROSTATICA, iv. 151. 1252. 1415.
definition, iv. 1415.
development, iv. 153.
I. ana'omy, iv. 1415.
Man. iv. 1-115.
Quadrumana, iv. 1416 1428.
Volitantia, iv. 1417.
Insectivora, iv. 1417.
Feraj, iv. 1417. 1428.
Pinnipedia, iv. 1418.
Marsupia'.ia, iv. 1418.
Rodentia, iv. 1418.
Cavia cobaya, iv. 1418.
Edentata, iv. 1419.
Pachydermata, iv. 1419.
Solidungula, iv. 141'J.
Ruminantia, iv. 1419.
Cetacea, iv. 1421.
II. physiology, iv. 1422.
III. morphology, iv. 1423.
addendum, iv. 1434.
VesiculcE s. cellulae ae'reae, s Malpighianse ; alveoli pulmo-
num, Rossignol, s. v63.
minute anatomy, s. 270.
epithelium "of the air-passages and cells, s. 270.
elastic tissue of the air-cells, s. 272.
VEirrL.: SEMINALES, ii. 422 ; iii. 922 ; iv. 1429.
definition, iv. 1429.
comparative anatomy, iv. 1430.
function, iv. 1431.
tenuity of the walls of, ii. 422.
calculi in the, iv. 86.
Vesicular polypi of the nose, iii. 740.
J'esicule copulatrice, i. 376.
Vet-pa crabro, or hornet, ii. 865.
Vtspertilionidts. See CHEIROPTERA.
J'fsp'-rtina. a section of the order I.epidoptera, ii. 867.
characters of the section, ii. 867.
Vespittce, or hornets and wasps, habits of, ii. 865.
Veatibiilar artery, ii. 542.
J'eslibule of ear, ii. 530.
aqueduct of, ii. 533.
fenestra of, ii. 544.
fovea of, ii. 530.
nerves of, ii. 530.
openings into, ii. 530.
development and abnormal conditions of the, ii. 557,
MB.
office of the, in the function of hearing, ii. 567. 577.
Vestibule, the, atrium vaginae, iv. 1420; s. 710.
bulbus vestibuli, s. 71.'.
abnormal anatomy of the vestibule, s. 714.
J't'stigium foramims ovalis, ii. 580.
Vibratory movements of m? mbranous structures, theories
of, iv. 1475.
Vibrionirl(E, a family of Parasitic animals, ii. 113.
organisation of the, ii. 113.
Vibrionfdte, a family of Folygastric animals, iv. 4.
characters of the family, iv. 4.
Vidian artery i 4!'0 ; ii. 556 ; iii. 733.
canal, i.~727 ; ii. 2*7, 283.
nerve, i. 727.
vein, i. 727.
nerve, ii. 287.
sulcus, i. 733.
Vicussenian valve, iii. 678. 6S6. 690.
nW of cervix uteri, s. 639.
intestine, s. 350.
epithelium of the villi, s. 351.
basement membrane, s. 3ol.
blood-vessels, s. 351.
basis of the villus, s. 352.
cyloblasts or nuclei, s. 352.
lacteals of the villi, s. 352.
muscular constituent of the villi, s. 353.
changes in the villi during digest ion, s. 355.
abnormal conditions of the, 6. 412.
of the lacteals, i. 21.
placental, s. 717.
Vinegar, or acetic acid, considered as an article of food,
s. 395.
Vinegar-eel, or Anguillula aceti, ii. 113.
Vinous liquors, nutritive properties of, ii. 14, 15.
basis of all vinous liquors, ii. 14.
Viper (Coluber verus), nervous system of the, iii. 620.
poison-fangs of the, iv. 291. 888.
its mode of attack, iii. 44H.
Vis insita of Haller, doctrine of the, iii. 519.
in connexion with the vis nervosa, iii. 30.
medicatrix naturae, theory of, iii. 145. See LIFE.
mortua, Haller's description of the, ii. 58.
nervosa, iii. 29. 720 H. See NERVOUS SYSTEM, physio.
logy of the.
vis insita in connexion with vis nervosa, iii. 30.
new laws of action of the vis nervosa, iii. 30.
1'iscache, anatomy of the, iv. 373, et seq.
Vision, phenomena of,
VISION, iii. 337; iv. 1436.
Dr. Buckland on the early condition of the surface of
the earth and condition of the atmosphere, iv.
1436.
light, in reference to the phenomena of vision, iv.
1436.
opinions of the ancients, iv. 1436.
Newton, Huyghens, and Young, iv. 1436.
velocity of luminous undulations, or rapidity with
which light travels, iv. 1436, 1437.
white light, composition and proportion of, accord-
ing to Newton and Fraiinhofer, iv, 1437.
colours of which the solar spectrum in reality
consists, iv. 1437.
calorific rays of Sir \V. Herschel, iv. 1437.
chemical rays of Dr. \Vollaston, iv. 1437.
influence of the chemical rays on the vegetable
world, actinism, iv. 1437.
diversified colours of flowers, birds, &c., due
to the action of matter upon light, iv. 1437.
complementary colours, iv. 1438.
chemical, electric, and phosphorescent light,
iv. 1438.
transparency and opacity of bodies, iv. 1438.
refraction, iv. 1438.
focus, focal distance, or focal length, iv. 1438.
aberration, spherical, iv. 1438.
chromatic, iv. 1438.
achromatic lenses, iv. 1438.
phenomena of vision, iv. 1439.
function of the retina, iv. 1439.
dioptric phenomena, iv. 1440.
vision under water, iv. 1441.
distinct vision, iv. 1142.
experiment of Father Scheiner, iv. 1443.
optometer of Dr. Porterfieid, iv. 1443.
greatest distance of human vision, iv. 1443.
duration of impressions, iv. 1444.
dimensions of objects, iv. 1445.
apparent magnitude, iv. 1446.
linear magnitude, iv. 1446.
erect vision, iv. 1446.
single vision, iv. 1447.
adaptation to distance, iv. 1450.
magnifying lens, iv. 1452.
hypothesis of S'ngle vision, of Newton and WoU
laston, iii. 771, 772.
adaptation of the eye to distances, iii. 792.
relation of the fifth pair of nerves to the sense of,
ii. 309.
abnormal vision, iv. 1452.
achromatopsy, iv. 1452.
relative frequency of the affection, iv. 1453.
hereditary tendency, iv. 1453.
influence of sex, iv". 1454.
hypotheses, iv. 1454.
congenital achromatopsy, iv. 1454.
dichromatic Daltonism of Wartmann, ir.
1434.
polychromatic Daltonism of Wartmann,
iv. 1455.
list of the most common confusions of
colour, 1456.
cases, iv. 1456, 1457.
non-congenital achromatopsy, iv. 1457.
permanent, iv. 1457.
temporary, iv. 145s.
causes of the affection, iv. 1460.
remedial measures, iv. 1461.
hypprchrpmatopsy, iv. 1461.
anorthopia, iv. 1462.
888
GENERAL INDEX.
VISION continued.
myopia, or near sight, iv."-1462.
causes, iv. 14G3.
course of the affection, iv. 1464.
treatment, iv. 1464, 1465.
presbyopia, iv. 1465.'
causes, iv. 1465.
remedial measures, iv. 1406.
spectacles for myopic and presbyopic vision, iv.
1466,1467.
cylindrical eye, iv. 1467.
method of detecting the defect, iv. 1468, 1469.
Professor Stokes's astigmatic lens, iv. 1468.
treatment, iv. 1469.
Vital action, dependence of, on oxygen, i. 257.
retention of vitality in some organised substances, i.
257.
laws of, iii. 142. See LIFE.
affinities, iii. 151. See LIFE.
capacity of thorax. See THORAX.
contractility. See CONTRACTILITY.
endowments of nerves and nervous centres, iii. 720 G.
See NERVOUS SYSTEM, Physiology of the.
phenomena. See LIFE.
power of the organic world, i. 75, 76.
VITAL STATISTICS, iv. 1469.
methods for measuring the duration of human life, iv.
1470.
mean age at death, iv. 1470.
employed as a test of the sanitary condition of
a nation, iv. 1470, 1471.
employed as a measure of the relative sanitary
condition of English counties, cities, towns,
of town and country, and of the several dis-
tricts of large cities, iv. 1471.
used as a test of the sanitary condition of dif-
ferent classes of persons inhabiting the same
town or town district, iv. 1472.
employed as a measure of the sanitary state of
different classes of society, and of the mem-
bers of different professions, without refer-
ence to their place of icsidence, iv,, 1473.
rate of mortality, iv. 1473.
expectation of life, iv. 1474.
mean duration of life, iv. 1474.
probable duration of life, iv. 1474.
Vitality, dormant, or inactive, iii. 141. 154.
dormant vitality of seeds, eggs, &c., iii. 155.
length of time during which the dormant vitality
may be preserved, iii. 155.
dormant vitality of seeds, iii. 155.
of eggs, iii. 156.
agents which destroy the vitality of seeds and
eggs, and are calculated to produce important
changes in their structure and composition, iii.