15''>.
dormant vitality of plnnts and animals that have at-
tained beyond the embryo condition, iii. 156.
preservation of dormant vitality due to the maintenance
of normal constitution, iii. 157.
suspension of vital action under other circumstances,
iii. 157.
hibernation of plants, iii. 157.
of animals, iii. 157.
animals enclosed in rocks and trees, iii. 158.
syncope, iii. 15S.
suspension of vital action in parts of the human
body, iii- 159.
the " Atomic theory" of Dr. Daubeny quoted, iii. 159.
Vitdline membrane, structure of, in various animals, s.
[133]. [137].
chemical composition of, s. [141].
See OVUM.
Vitelltcs, yelk, or yolk, s. 3. See OVUM.
Vitreous humour of the eye, ii. 191.
canal of Petit, ii. 19-2.
chemical composition, ii. 192.
corona ciliaris, ii. 193.
Viverra nasua, organs of voice of the, iv. 14*9.
Viverridee, or palm-cats, dentition of the, iv. 91 1.
Viviparous animals, i. 146.
generation, ii. 424.
Voce di testa, or falsetto voice, iv. 1483.
VOICE, iv. 1475.
definition, iv. 1475.
the voice in infancy, i. 70.
pomum Adami", projection of the, i. 70.
in old age, i. 79.
modifications of the human voice, iv. 1475.
organs of voice, iv. 1175.
vibratory movements of the vocal organs, iv. 1475.
1476.
experiments, 1477.
vital state of the vocal ligaments, iv. 14KO.
influence of variations in the hygrometrie and ther-
mometric states of the air on the pitch of the
voice, iv. 1481.
alleged analogy between the action of the vocal li-
gaments, and that of the reeds of musical instru-
ments, iv. 1*81.
the falsetto, or voce di testa, iv. 14^3.
influence of the ep glottis on the voice, iv. 1485.
VOICE continued.
art of singing, iv. 1485.
musical varieties of the human voice, iv. 1485.
action of the vocal organs in producing speech, iv.
I486.
effects of the lesion of the recurrent nerves in en-
feebling the voice, iii. 895.
reasons why persons born deaf are also dumb, iv.
1173.
weakness of the voice, a sign of approaching death,
i. 800.
comparative anatomy, iv. I486.
Mammalia, iv. 1486.
Quadrumana, iv. 1487.
Cheiroptera, iv. 1488.
Insectivora, iv. 1489.
Carnivora, iv. 1489.
Marsupialia. iv. 1491.
Rodentia, iv. 1491.
Edentata, iv. 1492.
Pachydermata, iv. 1492.
Ruminantia, iv. 1494.
Cetacea, iv. 1494.
Birds, iv. 1495.
epiglottis, iv. 1495.
rima glottidis, iv. 1495.
muscles, iv. 1496.
larynx, superior and inferior, iv. 14%.
bones of the inferior larynx, iv. 1496.
membrana tympaniformis, iv. 1497.
arytenoid cartilage, iv. 1497.
trachea, iv. 1500.
physiology of the voice of birds, iv. 1500.
Reptilia, iv. 1501.
Sauria, iv. 1502.
Chelouia, iv. 1502.
Batrachia, iv. 1502.
Ophidia, iv. 1502.
Insecta, iv. 1503.
buzzing or humming of insects, iv. 1504.
vocal muscles in comparative anatomy, iii. 544.
Voles, water, anatomy of the, iv. 370, et seq.
Volitantia, Weberian organ in, iv. 1417.
Volition, the corpora striata the centre of, iii. 722 L, 723
E.
Volvocinida;, a family of Polygastric animals, iv. 3.
characters of the family, iv. 3.
Volvox globator, iv. 6.
mode of generation of, ii. 407. 432.
Vomer, or ploughshare bone, i. 726 : ii. 213 ; iii. 725.
borders, ii. 213.
1. superior, ii. 213.
2. anterior, ii. 213.
3. inferior, ii. 213.
4. posterior, ii. 213.
connexions, ii. 213.
development, ii. 213.
structure, ii. 2J3.
surfaces, ii. 213.
1. right, ii. 213.
2. left, ii. 213.
Vomiting, act of, s. 316.
causes, ii. 26 1; s. 316, 317.
inverted action of the oesophagus in, iii. 760.
Vortfcella convallaria, iv. 397.
cyathina, iv. 7.
niicrostoma, mode of reproduction of, s. 8.
VorticellcE, their power of contraction, iii. 533.
mode of generation of the, ii. 407.
the vorticella an illustration of the relation which
exists in the reproductive function between the
animal and vegetable kingdoms, s. 256.
Vorticellinidce (bell animalcules), a family of Polygastric
animals, iv. 4.
characters of the family, iv. 4.
Vulva, the, s. 708.
Fw/no-utenne canal, s. 706. See Vagina.
rw/flo-vaginal glands, s. 712.
W.
Wad>'ng birds (Grallatores), characters of, i. 2C9.
K'alkiiifr power of man, iii. 459.
tables of the mea-ure of the inclination of the trunk in
various modes of progression, iii. 460.
estimate offerees employed in walking, iii. 4fil.
principles upon which walking and running differ, iii.
Walrus (Trichechus ro?marus), dentition of the, iv. 916.
Warm-blooded animals, tempera' me of, as compared with
rold-blooded animals. See HEAT, ANIMAL.
Wart-hogs (Phacochcerus) of Africa, teeth of the, iv. 870.
Warts on lingers, ii. 528.
warty excrescences of the anus, i. 184.
Wasps ( Vespida?). habits of ii. 865.
their habitations, and mode in which, and materials of
which, they are constructed, iii. 11.
pneumatic apparatus of the feet of wasps, iii. 443.
golden wasps (Chrysidiclae), ii. 8C6.
habits of, ii. 8H6.
Waste of the organism of animals, s. 382. 385.
GENERAL INDEX.
889
in the composition of the blood, i. 410.
removed from living bodies by the skin, iv. 456.
pressure of water on fishes at various depths, iii.
413.
resistance of water to animal progression, iii. 413.
431.
importance of water as an alimentary constituent, s.
3^7.
mode of aqueous action on the various organs, s.
quantity of water contained in the various kinds of
food ordinarily made use of, s. 388.
sound transmitted bv, ii. 566.
Water-beetles, ii. 860.
characters of, ii. 860.
Wa'er-brash, or pyrosis, causes of, iii. 760,
Water-cells of the camel's stomach, s. 507. 536.
H aler-rat (Arvicola ainphibins), iv. :<-'.<.
hibernation of the, ii. 7>'>4. See HIBERNATION.
Water-scorpion ( N'epa cinerea), ii. 8f 8.
Wnler-snakes (Hydrophyli;, mode of progression of the,
iii. 4H4.
-spider, instinct guiding the formation of her singular
habitation, iii. 9.
Watery vapour exhaled from the lungs, ii 140.
iie ear. See CERUMEN; HEARING, ORUAN or.
tribe (Mustelidze), dentition of the, iv. 913.
Weeril, its ravages in granaries, ii. 862.
.' of the human bodv at different ages, i. 74.
Whales, i. 502, et seq.
spouting apparatus, i. 580.
brain of, iii. 696.
absolute weight of the brain of the, iii. 664.
chemical characters of whale oil, ii. 233.
vocal organs and voice of whales, iv. 1494, 1495.
CETACEA.
Wkart >n's duct, iv. 424.
of the ear-cockle or purples in, ii. 1 13.
Mmalcules, generative organs of, ii. 410.
c'ormant vitality of, iii. 157.
Whirlicigs, societies of, iii. 16.
Whistle-bone, or huckle-bone. See Coccyx.
White of the eye (tunica albuginea), ii. 174.
White matter'of the nerves, iii. 586. 646. 654. See NER-
vurs CENTRES.
White spots on the heart, ii. 644.
in the coats of arteries, iv. 87.
substance of nerves of Schwann, iii. 592 ; iv. 1 140.
swelling of the elbow-joint, ii. 73.
or chronic strumous arthritis of the knee, iii. 60.
anatomical characters of the disease, iii. 62.
first stage, iii. 60. 62.
second stage, iii. 61,62.
prognosis iii. 61.
symptoms, iii. 60, 61.
of the wrist, iv. 1524.
. false, ii.528.
Whytt's views of the physiology of the nervous system, iii.
Willis, circle of, iii. 673. 705.
lateral, or posterior communicating, branch of internal
carotid artery of Willis, i. 492.
Wilson's muscles, iii. 032.
Wings of insects, ii. 419. 539. 924.
articulations of the wings, ii. 926.
file of the wings, ii. 928.
neuration, or distribution of the tracheae in the
wings, ii 926.
origin and development of the wings, ii. 925.
table showing the areae of the wings and the
weight of the body in various species of insects,
iii. 4-21.
of birds, iii. 424.
Winking, action of the eyelids in, iii. 79.
Winslow, foramen of, i. 502.
Winter egg, or hibernating ovum, s. [117]. [119]. [127],
[12*]. See OVUM.
Wire-worm, ii. 861.
- of, in meadows and corn-fields, ii. 861.
Wolf-fish, dental apparatus of the, iii. 978.
n ho'lies iv. 982; s. 594.
Womb. See UTERUS.
Wombat, characters of the, iii. 267, et seq.
Wombat, digestive organs of the, s. 304.
pelvis of the, s. 160.
Women, depravity of, among the ancients, ii. 686.
Wool-mouse, hibernation of the, ii. 764. See HIBERNA-
note.
Woodpeckers, mode of climbing and apparatus for prehen-
.;. 451.
W'irmiana ossa. See CRANIUM.
Worms (Annelida), digestive organs of the, s. 297.
earth-worms, organs and mode of progression of the,
iii. 441.
ova of, s. [117].
luminousness of the earth-worm, iii. 198.
parasitic. See ENTOZOA.
found in the liver, iii. 196. See LIVER Entozoa.
Wounds of arteries, cannon-shot and gun-shot, i. >.',.
of the cornea, ii. 177.
of the diaphragm, ii. 6.
W. ane, teeth of the, iii. 978.
Hupp.
Wrfsberg, nerves of, i. 360.
cutaneous nerve of, iv. 756.
\VnisT-JoiNT, iv. 1505.
normal anatomy, iv. 1505.
bones which constitute the wrist-joint, iv. 1505.
radius, iv. 150-S.
scaphoid, semilunar, and cuneiform bones of
the carpus, iv. 1*06.
Wrist-joint, triangular cartilage of, i. 249.
mobility of the. i. 256.
ligaments, iv. 1506.
anterior radio-carpal, iv. 1506.
posterior radio-carpal, iv. 1506.
external lateral ligament of the wrist-joint, iv.
1507.
internal lateral ligament, iv. 1507.
synovia! membrane, iv. 1507.
mechanical functions of the wrist-joint, iv. 1507.
abnormal anatomy, iv. 1508.
congenital dislocations, iv. 1508.
cases, iv. 1508, 1509.
accident, iv. 1513.
dislocations of the wrist, and neighbouring
radio-ulnar articulations, iv. 1513.
of the bones of the forearm backwards,
with displacement forwards of the carpus,
iv. 1514.
luxations of the lower extremity of the ulna,
iv. 1514.
of the lower extremity of the ulna at the
wrist-joint, backwards, iv. 1515.
forwards, iv. 1515.
of the bones of the carpus, iv. 1516.
fractures of the lower extremity of the radius,
in the immediate vicinity of the wrist-
joint, iv. 1516.
symptoms, iv. 1517,
diagnosis, iv. 1518.
anatomical character of the fracture, iv.
1520.
of the lower extremity of the ulna, iv.
1521.
disjunction of the lower epiphysis of the radius,
iv. 1521.
cases, iv. 1521.
disease, iv. 1523.
acute arthritis of the radio-carpal and of the
inter-carpal articulations, iv. 1523.
chronic strumous arthritis of the wrist, or
white swelling, iv. 1?24.
anatomical characters of the disease, iv.
1525.
chronic rheumatic arthritis of the wrist, iv.
1526.
anatomical characters, iv. 1527.
synovial tumours of the region of the wrist,
iv. 1528.
morbid condition of the synovial bursae of the
flexor tendons, iv. 1528.
painful crepitation of tendons around the
wrist, iv. 1529.
surgical anatomy of the wrist. See HAND.
wrist-joint contrasted with ankle-joint, i. 154.
X.
Xanthic oxide (xanthin) calculus, iv. 80.
Xanthoproteic acid, iv. 164.
Xanthous races of man. See VARIETIES OF MANKIND.
Xiphias gladius, i. 115.
Xiphoid appendix, or ensiform cartilage, iv. 1023.
ossification of the, iv. 1024.
Y.
Y-shaped cartilage of pelvis, s. 117. 120.
Yapock, or fresh-water opossum, iii. 261.
Yairning, probable causes of, iii. 722 K.
sympathy in, iv. 852.
influence of on paralytic limbs, iii. 40.
Yeast-p\nt, mode of reproduction of the, s. 224.
Yelk. yolk, or vitellu*. of egg, s. 3. 68. See OVUM.
yolk-mass, s. [86].
Youth, periods of, at which the animal heat differs from
that of the adult age, ii. 663.
Z.
Zealanders, New, physical characters of the, iv. 1362.
portrait of a New" Zealander, iv. 1362.
causes of the tendency to extinction in the aborigines
of. iv 1341.
Zebra, the (Equus zebra), iv. 714.
Zephronia. a genus of Myriapoda, iii. 546. et tfq.
Zephnmiadte , a family of Myriapoda, iii. 546, et seq.
characters of the family, iii. 546.
3 M
890
GENERAL INDEX.
, a family of Polypifera, iv. 19.
characters of the family, iv. 19, 20.
genera of, iv. 20.
Zoanlhus (Cuv.), Actinia sociata (Ellis), a genus of Poly-
pifera, iv. 20.
Zawj and vj/t>%j, meaning of the terms, as applied by the
Greeks, iii. 143, note.
Zona pellucida, or external tunic, of ovum of Mammalia,
s. [83].
contents of ovum, or parts within the zona, s. [86].
Zonu/a membranacea lamina; spiralis, s. zona Valsalva?, ii.
534.
Zoophytes, organs of circulation in, i. G53.
list of Zoophytes possessing the property of luminous-
ness, iii. 198.
Zoosperms, or Spermatozoa, i!. 112. See ENTOZOA j Sper-
matozoa.
Zoophaga, tribe of, characters of, i. 563.
Zoosporrs, reproduction by means of, s. 212. See REPRO-
DUCTION, VEGETABLE.
of the two kinds of zoospores, s. 223.
Zostera marina, mode of origin and early development of
the embryo in, s. 250.
Ztfgnemacete. mode of reproduction of the, s. 219.
Zygoma, i. 749.
Zygotnatic fossa, i. 727.
ganglions, ii. 228.
process of temporal bone, i. 734.
or superior border of the rami of the lower jaw, ii. 214.
surface of superior maxillary bones, ii. 208.
Zygomaticus major muscle, ii. 224.
relations and action, ii. 224.
minor, ii. 224.
relations and actions, ii. 224.
Z/ygowato-maxillary, or external, surface of palate bones,
THE END.
lounoic
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