Department had plenty to keep the ladies busy. They
toured the MGM mammoth studios, they were taken on a
tour of the Columbia Broadcasting Studios and were
guests of the radio show "Queen for a Day." They had a
luncheon at Earl Carroll's and saw the "Heart's Desire"
radio program ; then they were taken on a sightseeing trip
among movie picture stars' homes; then went on a shop-
ping tour of Santa Monica's smart stores and attended a
fashion show at the Miramar Hotel. Everything was first-
class and the families of those who were busy with the
affairs of the Association learned at the end of each day
that the members of their families had been royally enter-
tained.
» * «
Appropriate tribute was paid to the late former Chef
James T. Drew who died this summer. He had served
the Association for over a decade as secretary-treasurer,
and no man ever gave more to any job than Jim Drew
gave to the organization he loved so dearly.
* * *
The appearance of Sherifif Beverly Broaddus of Mendo-
cino County on the floor on October 28 was a highlight
of the program of the Association. Sheriff Broaddus
came to his fellow officers with his side of the slot mach'ne
story of his county. Dramatically and emotionally he told
a packed room, of men and women the history of the events
that sought to let rackateers get a foothold in his area. So
sincre, and so well did he tell the large audience that was
present, that a resolution of the final day was adopted
giving complete endorsement of the work of the Gover-
nor's Crime Commission who has assisted Sheriff Broad-
dus in breaking the story of events in Mendocino County.
Warren Olney III, attorney for the Commission had for-
merly addressed the peace officers and these two numbers
on the program of the Association brought about the
adoption of the resolution.
* * *
\Villiam Schoppe, who has been chairman of the mem-
bership and credential committee of the Association for
the past six years, and is in for another year, was h'ghly
pleasjd by the record of new members attained during the
past year, the biggest increase of any year since the Asso-
ciation was organized 28 years ago.
The election of officers on the concluding day found the
following elected to preside for the coming year.
President — Chief Raymond T. Wallace, Fresno.
First Vice President — Sheriff Daniel C. Murphy, San
Francisco.
Second Vice President — Chief J. D. Holstrom. Ber-
keley.
Third Vice President — Sheriff Donald Cox, Sacra-
mento.
Fourth Vice President — Chief Joseph D. Corby, Kings
City.
Sergeant at Arms — Sheriff R. W. Wane, Imperial
County.
Secretary-Treasurer — Chief Divisional Deputy John J.
Greening, Alameda County Sheriff's Office.
Sheriff Ware is a past president of the Sheriff's Associa-
tion.
The new secretary-treasurer has been serving as acting
officer during the past year that form.er Oakland Chief of
(Continued on page 46 1
Page 6
POLICE AND PEACE OFFICERS' JOURNAL
December, 1948
Sheriff H. P. Gleason Gives Good Advice
After reviewing achievements of the Association during
the past year, and giving his ideas what the members of the
Association must strive for during the coming year. Sher-
iff H. P. Gleason,, of Alameda County, and the 1948
President of the Peace Officers' Association of the State of
California, spoke forthrightly when he said in his opening
address at which time he presented his annual report:
"The maintenance of law enforcement has always been
one of our most important governmental functions, war-
ranting the highest type of personnel and facilities that a
community can provide.
"If your community has failed to do its duty, it is now
your soleumn obligation to insist that the opportunities be
provided whereby lecherous barnacles — the lazy officer, the
corrupt officer, the cheating officer or the ignorant officer
— niav be eliminated.
"There is no difference between the ruthless dictator of
the criminal underworld and the high-handed dictator of
the upper world ; both deal in greed and in the lust for
power.
"Facilities long lacking must be made available if our
people are to be protected. The handcuiis of corrupt poli-
tics must be struck from your wrists in order that you may
be allowed to place the profession of law enforcement on
a high plane of efficiency, honesty and integrity.
"The essential task of law enforcement is the preserva-
tion of democracy. The maintenance of law and consti-
tuted authority is our surest and safest protection against
the scheming aggression of the unlawful and godless ene-
mies of the stability of our social order. Let us in law en-
forcement keep a united front for its preservation."
BIG ATTENDANCE FROM NORTH CALIFORNIA
From Northern California came a lot of Peace Officers
to the annual convention at Santa Monica.
From San Francisco were Chief and Mrs. Michael
Mitchell and son Robert; former Chief and Mrs. Charles
VV. Dullea ; Captain of Inspectors James English ; Cap-
tain and Mrs. Bernard J. McDonald, Lieutenant John
Meehan, Criminologist and Mrs. Frank Latulipe, In-
spector Robert Sullivan, District Attorney Edmund (Pat)
Brown ; Chief Deputy Thomas Lynch, Assistant Thomas
Cusick ; Edward Dalton, Emporium; F. C. Wood, Chief
Special Agent i'.G.&.E. ; J. D. Barker; I. Magnins.
Sheriff Gleason, Chief Assistant Deputy Greening, Dis-
trict Attorney J. Frank Coakley from Alameda County.
Chief Frank Farina of Emeryville, S. C. Williams,
Albany.
Chief E. C. AVyman, Sheriff Carlos Sousa and Chief
Rex Parker and wife of Stockton.
Sheriff Don Cox and Chief Hicks, Commissioner Clif-
ford Peter,son, Highway Patrol; Chief Brereton, State
Bureau of Identification and Investigation, Sacramento.
Sheriff Broaddus of Ukiah.
Sheriff Walter B. Sellmer, Marin County, and Chief
Frank Kelly of San Rafael.
Chief and Mrs. Melvin Flohr, of Santa Rosa.
Sheriff and Mrs. Grattan Hogin and Chief and Mrs.
Urban Pickering of Modesto.
Chief Raymond T. Wallace of Fresno.
From San Mateo County: Chief and Mrs. Robert
O'Brien, San Mateo; Chief and Mrs. William Maher.
San Bruno; Chief and Mrs. Louis Belloni, South San
Francisco; Chief C. L. Collins, Redwood City; Chief
Edward Wheeler, San Carlos; Chief and Mrs. John Far-
rell, Atherton; Chief Walter Wisnom, Hillsborough.
Chief and Mrs. R. C. Fheuer, Burlinganie, and Chief
O. Walter Lindholm, Belmont.
Sheriff Howard Hornbuckle, Chief and Mrs. Howard
Zink, of Palo Alto; Chief A. H. Excell, Mountain View;
Chief R. M. Phillips, Los Gatos, who represented Santa
Clara County.
John J. Greening
Chief Division Deputy who was elected secretary-treasurer
From Monterey County came a big delegation. They
were:
Sheriff John L. McCoy, District Attorney Anthony
Brazil, Chief George Weight, Salinas; Chief Fred Moore,
Monterey; Chief Robert Hart, Gonzales, Chief and Mrs.
Joseph Corb\', King City, Chief Robert Wilder, Green-
field.
There may be others that we were unable to get but
this is a mighty fine representation from the north.
ARBUCKLE HOTEL
ARBUCKLE. CALIFORNIA
COFFEE SHOP - DINING ROOM - COCKTAIL LOUNGE
On Highway 99\V Frank J. Basili, Prop.
December, J 948
POLICE AND PEACE OFFICERS' JOURNAL
Page 7
POLICING - A PROFESSION
Chief Michael E. I. Mitchell
of San Francisco Police Department
Statistics show California is one of the country's best
policed states. This condition is due mainly to the courage
and the foresight of police heads in our state for the past
quarter of a century.
These fine leaders insisted on getting the best available
recruits and then training them systematically. They
also stressed the fact that education and intelligence were
Chief Michael E. Mitchell
at least as important in a police officer as health and brawn.
These pioneer leaders made fine progress. But, to the
taxpayer, a police officer was still just a police officer —
a necessary evil. The taxpayer was partly correct. Put'
ting a uniform on a man does not make him a soldier,
sailor or policeman.
Our police heads realized it was a hard battle, but they
saw it was up to our police departments to have policing
a profession rather than a job.
As of today, that goal is almost in sight ; and it is our
duty to exert every power at our disposal to reach
that goal.
The poet, Burns, wrote: "Oh that God the gift would
give us, to see ourselves as others see us."
Well, as far as members of police departments are
concerned, that gift has been abundantly bestowed on us.
We get that information — without asking for it — from
all kinds of sources.
"Where there is smoke, there is fire," and, perhaps, in
the past, at least, we may have invited a little measure
of ridicule.
At moving picture shows and on reading so-called
funny papers we, as police officers doing our level best
to protect life and property, feel hurt at the buffoon por-
trayals of police officers. We feel such portrayals are
palpably unfair and that this would cause immediate and
caustic protests on the part of other city departments.
But we, as members of local peace armies to protect
our good citizen neighbors against law breakers, just
grin and bear the unjust slurs on our profession. In so
doing we are unfair to ourselves.
I use the word profession for the simple reason that
local policing is as much a profession as any of the one
hundred-odd professions common to our modern living
conditions.
The police department personnel, in any community,
is really the local army protecting the people of the com-
munity from attacks by the ever present and ever in-
creasing army of modern criminals.
Policing is definitely a profession. Unfortunately there
is a timidity on the part of many of our police depart-
ment heads to boldly and constantly impress this fact
on their fellow citizens or even on the men who compose
their own police department.
Any intelligent person who pauses to consider the
many-sided duties of a police department will readily
admit that policing is very much more than a mere job —
and definitely not in the labor class.
Before the advent of the automobile, the aeroplane,
World War No. 1, Prohibition and its complement gang-
sterism, policing, except in the larger cities, was a normally
routine proposition, and the men who wore a police uni-
form were not faced with the quick tempo of policing as
we find it today in ever small rural centers.
I mentioned automobiles as one of the many factors
in police duties. Before they came it was a felony to
steal a horse — and,- in California, probably one horse
stolen in a year would be classed as quite an epidemic
of horse thefts. Today, in San Francisco alone, our police
department is called upon to find an average of two hun-
dred and fifty stolen automobiles per month. In passing,
I am pleased to state our stolen automobile recoveries
here, year in and year out, are up in the ninety per cent
bracket.
Then we have the petty thieves and the ever present
hopheads who rifle parked automobiles. It is our police
problem to find the stolen automobiles and the automobile
thieves, as well as the property stolen from automobiles
and the petty thieves who did the stealing. School cross-
ings and traffic violators also demand constant police
attention.
Thus from the automobile, as a piece of property, the
police have a big added factor in their daily duties, in
addition to the fact that automobiles are constantly being
used in the commission of crime — and in fleeing from
the scene thereof. I could go into detail, in a similar
manner, in the case of other classes of major crimes of
tConunued on page 71)
Page 8
POLICE AND PEACE OFFICERS' JOURNAL
December. 1948
Mandatory Pensions For All Policemen
As all peace officers of the State of California know
there are a lot of police departments without any pension
plan whatsoever, and this condition is found mostly to
exist in smaller Police Deparements. It is indeed a sad
state of affairs that a police officer after long and efficient
service must retire because of age and goes out of service
Deputy Chirf James L. Quigley
with not one dollar in pensions. Wc know of one officer
who served in a southern California city for 47 years and
when he was forced to law aside his uniform after nearly
half a century of outstanding police service he had not a
dollar coming to him when he was taken off the city's
payroll.
The State Peace Officers' Association has been very
much interested in this phase of law enforcement and
they have, through their efforts, got some legislation that
has helped some police departments, departments which
through the consent of the governing body of the munici-
pality provided a state pension to one who retired after
long service.
Now these is being started a movement to make it
mandatory on every city to provide pensions, either locally
or by the State plan.
Below we present a paper sent to the State Peace Of-
ficers' Association at its annual convention in Santa Mon-
ica last October, by Deputy Chief James L. Quigley of
the San Francisco Police Department.
In his letter he sets forth the work his committee on
Welfare, Disability and Service pensions has done and
makes some worth while suggestions, enclosing with his
communications to the State Association letters from
Ralph R. Nelson of the State Employes" Retirement Sys-
tem, which are self-explanatory.
Deputy Chief Quigley 's letter of October 18:
As a member of the Welfare, Disability and Service
Pensions Committe of the Peace Officers' Association of
the State of California you are advised of the progress
made by the Committee in the matter of pensions for
Local Police Officers.
A meeting of the Committee was called in San Fran-
cisco on September 16, 1948, at which time the problem
was discussed. Prior thereto, questionnaires were sub-
mitted to representative Police Departments requesting
information on existing pension systems and recommenda-
tions for improvements in retirement benefits.
This survey revealed that many Police Departments in
this State, particularly the smaller departments are not
members of a pension or retirement system, while other
Departments receive inadequate protection under existing
statutes. There can be little doubt that the improvement
of these conditions should receive the undivided support
of all the members of the Association.
The procedure to be followed in obtaining such im-
provement is a matter presenting certain difficulties. One
method would be to present to the local Legislative Body
factual data demonstrating the need for a pension system
for the local law enforcement agency. It is apparent that
it would be most difficult to convince many local councils
of the need for such pension systems, because of many
factors, first of which would be the cost of such a project.
The other, and more desirable approach, would be
through the State Legislature. It is the opinion of the
writer that the welfare of Police Officers throughout Cali-
fornia is a matter of concern and interest to all the in-
habitants of this State, without regard to County of
residence.
Whether a Police Officer is adequately protected by a
pension system is a matter of interest not only to the
inhabitants of the Municipalities where he is employed, but
also to the inhabitants of the entire State. It is a matter
of State, as well as local control. For that reason, the
State Legislature, rather than the local legislative bodies,
should enact legislation in support of Police pensions.
Many Police Departments in California are presently
members of the State Employees' Retirement Act (Stat-
utes 1931, P. 1442 (as amended) Act. 5847 General
Laws) .
It has been suggested by members of the Committee
who do not belong to a pension system that membership
in the State System would be highly desirable.
Mr. Ralph R. Nelson, Actuary of the State Employee's
Rctiremen System and the San Francisco Retirement
Board, suggested the inclusion of local law enforcement
bodies in the State System. Mr. Nelson has been of in-
valuable aid to the Committee and offered his expert
advice and services in the furtherance of such a project.
A photostatic copy of Mr. Nelson's communication is
attached.
Membership of Municipal employees in the State Sys-
tem is presently dependent upon contract entered into
between the local authority and the Board of Adminis-
(ContinueS on page 85 )
December, 1948
POLICE AND PEACE OFFICERS" JOURNAL
Page 9
Minimum Standards For Police Officers
Adopted by P. O. A. S. C.
Chief Zink of Palo Alto, Submits Final Report of Four Years Work by His Committee
At the annual convention of the Peace Officers' Asso- fornia has adopted a minimum standard for entrance into
ciation of the State of California, held in Santa Monica law enforcement work.
lost October, the members adopted the report made by The Minimum Standards Committee has worked out a
Chief Howard A. Zink, chairman of the Minimum procedure which will serve as a guide for ^the selection of
Standards Committee, and his associated of the standards
they have decided to be used in obtaining personnel for
Chiei- Howard A. Zink
law enforcement officers. Ever since the convention in
Fresno four years ago, when the committee was appointed
by the Association, Chief Zink and his fellow committee-
men have given the subject of minimum standards the
most thorough study and investigation. They have delved
into every phase of those things that a police officer should
be able to meet in their application for a police job. They
have given uncounted hours to their work, and they have
come up with a guide that will assure future police of-
ficers being men well fitted for the work they are striv-
ing to get.
Chief Zink, as all police officials recognize, is a man
who does not approach any duty assigned to him in a
candidates that would meet these standards.
This procedure is divided into these essential steps:
1. Advertising to attract the largest number for
selection.
2. Written tests.
3. Agility tests.
4. Oral Board approval.
5. Medical and laboratory tests.
6. Character investigation.
7. Probationary period.
Advertising to Attract the Largest
Number for Selection
The announcement should state clearly the requirements
for the position such as age, height and proportionate
weight, education, and point out that defects of vision,
hearing and speech will disqualify, so as to immediately
eliminate those who obciously would not meet the
standards.
The extent of the territory to be covered depends on
the local residence rule; no purpose would be served by
reaching beyond the area in which those eligible reside.
In small cities it is difficult to secure qualified personnel
where a residence rule is in effect, and indeed, many larger
cities have abandoned this rule in the interest of better
public service.
The following media have proven effecti\e in dissem-
inating this information : newspapers, posters, radio,
through notification sent to employment bureaus of uni-
versities, colleges, business schools. State employment
agencies, veteran counselors, and fraternal employment
agencies, and the contacting of local community organ-
izations.
Where there is a larger group to be examined, it might
be well to have some sort of a screening test that would
eliminate those least likely to succeed.
All applicants who have met these conditions should
haphazard manner. He possesses a keen mind, enriched be given an application and their fingerprints taken. The
by his many years as head of the Palo Alto Police Depart-
ment, which has a reputation for instituting many innova-
tions in law enforcement. This is demonstrated in the
final report of his committee.
If all Police Departments of California follow the
provisions embodied in the following report, which was
unanimously adopted on the final day of the conxention,
they are assured of a manner to get new members of their
personnel who will have the ground work of doing their
work of enforcing the laws, and who have passed through
a fixed pattern of determining their fitness. (The Editor.)
The Peace Officers' Association of the State of Cali-
application should be designed to give the fullest informa-
tion as to the applicant's history and list sources that may
prove valuable in a character investigation. The Inter-
national Association of Chiefs of Police print an applica-
tion form that will serve.
Written Examination
This should be designed to test for those qualities that
go to make an efficient officer, such as aptitude, judgment,
powers of observation, association, visual and auditory
memory, reasoning ability, mental alertness, speed of
decision, reporting ability and ability to testify.
/'Continued on page 62 I
Page 10
POLICE AND PEACE OFFICERS" JOURNAL
December, 1948
Mountain View Police Department
Mountain View, like all peninsula cities is increasing in
population. It now has within its confines over 7000
people. Business is booming, there is no unemployment,
and though crime, both felonies and misdemeanors have
increased, it is lower than the national figures of increase
for cities of comparable size.
Chief A. H. Excell, who has been a member of the
Police Department for 1 1 years, ten years of which as
head of the Department, with his force of eigkt men,
have solved all crimes committed in the city limits. Be-
cause of the increase in population and the demands for
more men to enforce the laws. Chief Excell has been given
three additional men during the past year.
The members of the Police Department this year have
been granted an increase in salaries. Today the Chief
draws $350 per month, Captain $300, Sergeant $285 and
Patrolmen $270. A far cry from the day Chief Excell
was appointed head of the police force, when his salary
was $150.
Mountain View draws a lot of people to the business
area, and a check on automobiles has shown that a car
enters the city every four seconds which is 15 per minute
during the daylight hours. This poses a problem for the
police officers but it is certainly to their credit that there
hasn't been a fatal traffic accident in the city limits of
Mountain View for four years.
Chief Excell follows a rule in the matter of his 240
parking meters. It is his theory that these meters are
necessary for the convenience of the traveling public,,
assuring them a place to park their cars while shopping.
He believes in encouraging all such people, and when a
car owner leaves his car overtime he gives only a warning
ticket if the overtime is not too long. No recipient of a
warning ticket has ever been found to overstay his time
again. A gesture of good will that has found favor with
the motoring public who drive into the prosperous little
city, and one that placing the parking meters outside of a
money raising device.
Michsci D. Cavallo
Leo J. Cavallo
CONCORD IRON WORKS
WELDING - ORNAMENTAL IRON
Phone 8463
2064 CONCORD AVENUE
CONCORD. CALIF.
Beede's Ben Franklin Store
YOUR FRIENDLY STORE
IN A FRIENDLY TOWN
2002 Salvia Street
CONCORD
CALIFORNIA
PITTSBURG
GREETINGS
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from
SALING'S MARKET
R. R. 2. Box 482
Chief Excell and his officers have been doing, and are
still doing, constructive work to curb juvenile delinquency.
They sponsor soft ball teams, and the Rod and Reel Club
and the Rifle and Pistol Club have assisted them in or-
ganizing junior clubs in each respective organization.
The boys, and any girl who desires, who become members
of either of the junior clubs are taught the art of fishing,
the handling of pistols and rifles under the supervision of
the Police Department and of much interested members
of the adult clubs. It is an accepted fact that no boy who
takes up fishing with interest never finds himself in a
juvenile home. And the other sports such as soft ball and
pistol marksmanship keep the lads busy and out of trouble.
With two new patrol cars and a new motorcycle, all
fitted out with two-way radio. Chief Excell keeps a com-
plete and effective coverage of the city of Mountain View.
He is a member of the new police radio setup for Santa
Clara County, which will go into effect the coming year,
when all police agencies, including Sheriff Howard Horn-
buckle's office will work under a broadcasting of police
business from a central station located in San Jose. More
f Continued on page 102)
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Distributors of