^?1
LIBR1TO*
CATALOGUE
COLLECTION OF ORIENTAL COINS
BELONGING TO
COL. C. SETON GUTHRIE, R.E.,
F.R.S.E0., M.R.A.S.
FASCICULUS I .
COINS OF THE AMAWI KHALIFEHS.
BY
STANLEY LANE POOLE.
HERTFORD:
PRINTED BY STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS.
MDCCCLXXIV.
HERTFORD :
PRINTKI) BY STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS.
PREFACE.
THE coins of the Khallfehs of the House of Umayyeh
possess an interest peculiarly their own. Unlike those of
the 'Abbasls, historically they are of little value. But it
is not from the historian's standpoint that we should view
them. Their true worth lies in their being the first purely-
Mohammadan coinage that was issued by the Arabs. "We
picture to ourselves the Khalifeh 'Abd-El-Melik, wearied
with the difficulties and ignominy of an adopted currency,
calling together the wise men of his court, and constructing
a new coinage, full of the spirit that had fired the East
and well-nigh conquered the world. "We cannot but be
struck with the contrast between these early Muslim issues
and the Byzantine and late Sassanian coins which were at
first adopted by the Arabs. The difference between the
debased art of the Byzantine and the decayed ruins of what
had once been the fine Sassanian coinage, on the one hand,
and the simple chaste outlines of the first standard coins of
the Muslims, on the other, is the difference between decrepit
and demoralized nations and a people full of the fresh vigour
of youth. There is a power in the design of these earliest
monuments of El- Islam for which we may look in vain
among coinages contemporary with it ; and the strong bold
lines of the KufI character well express the mighty impulse
which urged on the followers of the Prophet.
It is not only as the expression of the power of the greatest
revolution which the Middle Ages witnessed that these coins
IV PREFACE.
are to be prized. Though their historical worth is slight,
and scarcely, in fact, bears upon anything but the territorial
extent of the Muslim empire, yet palseographically they are
greatly to be valued, as the earliest and most authoritative
examples of the Kufi character, the progenitor of the
characters now in use from Morocco to India. Moreover,
as their Prophet sternly discouraged the fine arts, the
Arabs devoted themselves with exceptional success to the
study of calligraphy. They had a character well worth
cultivating, one of which we see the earliest record on the
Amawl coins, and of which the latest and perhaps most
beautiful form is the Naskhl of modern Egypt.
It has been the happiness of Oriental Numismatists to
have received last year an exhaustive work on the coins of
the Eastern Khallfehs,* both Amawl and 'Abbiisi, from the
hands of Dr. Wold. Tiesenhausen. To overestimate the
value of this book is impossible, and we cannot be too grate-
ful to Dr. Tiesenhausen for the labour he has bestowed upon
the work, labour which was not illspent, for it has conferred
upon the science of numismatics a benefit such as few have
been able to give.
Dr. Tiesenhausen has placed before us the whole coinage
of the Khallfehs of the East so far as that coinage was
published. There are, however, some collections with respect
to the contents of which little or nothing is publicly known.
Such, so far as Oriental coins are concerned, are the cabinets
of Paris, London, and of Col. Seton Guthrie.f
It is with the view of remedying this defect, as to Col.
Guthrie's collection at least, and of supplementing Dr.
* Monnaies des Khalifes Orientaux, 4to., St. Petersb., 1873. I
refer to this book throughout by the initial (T.) after every edited
coin.
f Of this last, indeed, some large portions have been, published
by Mr. Thomas.
.PREFACE. V
Tiesenhausen's work with some thirty or forty unpublished
coins, that this Catalogue has been drawn up. The series
which it describes is scarcely, if at all, inferior to the cor-
responding portion in the British Museum, and an estimate
may be formed of the rarities contained in it by reference
to the list of Inedited coins at the end : the dinar of
Afrlkiyeh, and the dirhems of Sarakhs 99, Suk-el-Ahwaz 79,
and Meysan 95, 96, are especially noteworthy. The last
coin in the series, struck by the advocate of the 'Abbasis,
Abu-Muslim, is very curious, though already published.
The arrangement of the coins in this Catalogue is entirely
new. I have separated the gold from the silver, and classed
the latter under Mints instead of under Khallfehs. At
present I will only say that this arrangement is far more
convenient for reference, and I will reserve the ground for
the adoption of this classification for an essay, which I hope
before long to bring out, on the Coinage of the Amawl
Khallfehs, in which I propose treating of several points in
this coinage which have hitherto been overlooked or not
investigated as they deserve.
The copper issues of the Amawls I keep back to be
described in connection with the 'AbbasI copper, after the
gold and silver of the ' Abbasis have been catalogued.
An important feature in this Catalogue is the invariable
registration of the annulets which surround the marginal
inscriptions.* The diacritical and other points, also, are
recorded whenever they occur. These with the annulets
will take a prominent place in my future essay.
* Prof. J. G. Stickel of Jena, unlike most numismatists, has paid
attention to this detail of recording the annulets : this is only one
of the many distinguishing points which raise his Handluch zur
morgenldndischen MiinzTcunde (erstes Heft, 1845, Omajjaden- und
Abbasiden-Miinzen) to the very first rank amongst the classics of
numismatics, if I may use the term.
VI PREFACE.
The plates accompanying the Catalogue are designed to
give a tolerably complete view of the Amawl coinage, and
with that object are unusually numerous. The photographic
(Autotype) process by which they were produced insures the
exact representation of any peculiarities that appear on the
coins. The figures on the plates refer to the numbers in the
Catalogue.
Exception will probably be taken to my method of spelling
Oriental names. Notably the word Amaicl, as a substitute
for the time-honoured but most objectionable mongrel
Ommiade, will be considered an unwarrantable innovation.
The- only other grammatical form and this would be equally
offensive to Ommiadists is Umaicl, and to this Amawl is
undoubtedly to be preferred.
In conclusion I wish to express my thanks to my kind
friend Col. Guthrie for the free use he has permitted me
to make of the whole of his valuable collection, and for the
confidence in me which he has shown by putting the present
work into my hands.
STANLEY LANE POOLE.
BRITISH MUSEUM,
Feb. 6, 1874.
CONTENTS.
Table of the Amawi Khalifebs ix
Catalogue 1
Gold 1
Silver 5
,, Abrashahr 5
,, Afrikiyeb ' 8
,, Ardeshlr Khurrab 6
Arminiyeh 7
El-Bab . 8
Balkh-el-Beyda 9
,, El-Basrah. 8
,, Darabjard 11
Debll 11
,, Destuwa 12
Dimashk 12
,, Hamadhan 28
Herah 27
,, Istakhr 7
Jayy 10
,, El-Jezireh 10
Karman 22
El-Kufeh 23
Mabl ....=. 23
,, Marw 25
El-Medhar 25
Menadhir 26
,, Meysan 27
El-Mubarakeh 24
Nabr-Tlra 27
Er-Kayy 18
Vlll CONTENTS.
J'AOK
Silver Sabur 19
Sarakhs 20
,, Sijistan 20
,, Suk-el-Ahwaz 21
Surrak 21
Esh-Shamlyeh 22
Et-Teymerah 9
,, "Wasit 28
Connecting-link between Amawis and 'Abbasis Jayy 35
Index I. Dates and Mints 36
Index II. Mints and Dates . 1 .... 37
Index III. Inedited coins 38
In the Catalogue I have, like Dr. Tiesenhausen, followed the
Arabic order of alphabet ; but in the Indexes the English, for con-
venience of reference.
AMAWI KHALIFEHS.
A.H. 41132. A.D. 661-, 749- s
A.H. A. II.
1. Ho'awiyeh i. ascended the throne 41 661- 2
2. Yezid ibn-Ho'awiyeh ,, 60 679-g,,
3. Ho'awiyeh 11. ibn- Yezid 64 683- 4
4. Marwan i. ibn-El-Hakim 64 684
5. 'Abd-El-Melik ibn-Marwan 65 684- 5
6". El-Welid i. ibn-' Abd-El-Melik 86 705
7. Suleyman ibn- 'Abd-El-Melik 96 7l4- 5
8. 'Omar ibn-' Abd-El-' Aziz 99 717- 8
9. Yezid n. ibn-' Abd-El-Melik 101 719- 20
10. Hisham ibn-' Abd-El-Melik 105 723- 4
11. El-Welid n. ibn- Yezid 125 742-,
12. Yezid m. ibn-El-Welid i, 126 743- 4
13. Ibrahim ibn-El-Welid i. 126 744
14. Marwan 11. ibn-Mohammad ,, 127 744- 5
End of dynasty 132 749- M
AMAWI KHALIFEHS.
GOLD.
I. Area.
i.
Year 78.
Year 81 ((r
"*
Points.
Margin.
II. Area.
J
* f - b
Margin.
N (T. 274)
2.
Year 79 (.tf*
^ (T. 275)
3.
N (of. T. 290)
AMAWI KHALIFEHS.
4.
Year 82 C^^-*^ ( j^i *).
Points. jjy
N (Itiedited)
5.
Year 83 ( li ^*J ^-i-^J <k~0-
Points. ota
N (T. 301)
6.
Year 84 (,j-^^ j-J;^ ^)-
Points. jJy
^T (T. 305)
7.
Year 86 (
Point. c_5-j
N (T. 311)
8.
Year 88 ( l ^^ id** *-).
Points. -ojJl
N (T. 318)
9.
Year 89 (jjr^^j* V**^' ***)
Points. .*^jJ1
^V (T. 322)
10.
Year 91 (,.y>.**J t_?<Ar*-' ^^}>
Points. w\!y L_^,^
^ (T. 345)
11.
j. ear 92 ( ^^ - ' , , ^^.' > w ; ) .
Point. L_ >.^
^ (T. 363)
12.
Year 94 (ji** | * | ^j f^'' <*j) v
A T (T. 393)
AMAWI KHALIFEHS.
13.
Year 95 djt**^; IJM^S- 4ij).
N (T. 410)
14.
Year 96 ((^
^(T. 431)
15.
Year 97 (ntt****^j tr*-* < 5 -*~'0
JV (T. 442)
16.
Year 98 ( ( j* x ^s &*** *~*).
Point. L^a
N (T. 454)
17.
Year 99 ((j^***^ v* 1 *- 1 ***).
Point. L-^
^V (T. 467)
18.
Year 100 (-* i).*
Point. L-^
^ (T. 475)
19.
Year 101
Point,
N (T. 489)
20.
Year 102 (* *j y^^ ^- ) )
Point. L-^
^ (Inedited. cf. T. 495)
* My system of transcribing coin-inscriptions does not permit me
to write the hemzeh over the middle letter of <i* , and the two dots
which some writers put beneath are orthographically inadmissible.
AMAWT KHALIFEHS.
21.
Tear 103
Point.
N (T. 502)
22.
Year 104
. 509)
23.
Tear 105
Point.
(Inedited]
24.
Tear 106 (<-~*j t-~ ^-)
Points, t^-v-j (?)
N (T. 523)
25.
Tear HI (<L^ JyLe ^Jo-! <L-j).
^ (cf. T. 555)
26.
Tear 120 (* - j ^./^ &-0-
AT (T. 601)
27.
Tear 121 (^*j ^./^j u^J^^ Ai-*).
^ (T. 609)
28.
Tear 122 (i-^j c^/^j n^ "")
^ (cf. T. 613)
29.
Afrikiyeh year 122 (^^) <jt.j^) (&~& ^~> 4^yV)-
Point. <Lu
Beneath rev. area two points, which do not, I think, belong to ^!jj
^7" (Inedited}
This is one of the very few minted dinars struck hy the Am awls
or their deputies : the only others being those of "Wasit 99, and
El-Andalus 102 and 103.
AMAWI KHALIFEHS.
30.
Tear 124
N (T. 617)
31.
Tear 126 (-*j ij/*"*j - &->)
N (T. 625)
SILVER.
ABRASHAHR.
32.
Tear 92.
i. A. i\ t _ n i'
M. -* - <-j jj *j jb c.. < _j
II. A. idl
j jJj J
The obv. inscrip. inclosed by triple serrate circle, outside which
five annulets, and then an outer serrate circle. Rev. area inscr.
AMAWI KHAL1FEHS.
separated from marg, inscr. by single serrate circle; marg. inscr.
inclosed by single serrate circle, outside which five annulets, then
outer serrate circle.
Point.
(Inedited]
Annulets I. & II. o o o o o
*
^ k
) -* \
ARDESHIR KHURRAH.
33.
Year 90 (^j**^ ^^ >*
Annulets as on (32).
34.
Year 91
Year 96
Year 98
Annulets as on (32).
35.
Annulets as on (32).
36.
Annulets as on (32).
37.
Year 99
(T. 332)
to-
(T. 2724)
;V)-
(Inedited}
,J,V)'
(T. 458)
;V)-
Annulets as on (32).
(The word **J is indistinct.)
AM AW I KHALIFEHS.
ARMlNIYEH.
38.
Year 107
Annulets as on (32)
ISTAKH R.
39.
Year 90 (j.t*****2 fc~> . c
Annulets as on (32).
(T. 532)
(T. 339)
40.
Year 92 (^^-5, ^^ aL.
Point, aj
Annulets as on (32).
(T. 2726)
41.
Year 96 (,^-Jt-wJj e^~o <u-j ^^js^li).
Annulets as on (32).
(T. 2729)
42.
Year 98 (^t^j ^UJ <L-
Point. kJ
Annulets as on (32).
(T. 457)
AMAWI KHALIFEHS.
AFRlKIYEH.
43.
Year 106 (4-~*j t -^~= &->
Point. L)j*e
Annulets I. & II. oo oo oo oo oo
( Tnedited}
H L-B AB.
44.
Year 120 (A-*** (jlj^- ^
Annulets I.
II. o o o o o
(T. 604)
.EZ-BASRAH.
* 45.
Year 80 ( (1 ^
Annulets I. & II. o o o o o
(T. 283)
46.
Year 81 (^
Annulets as on (45).
(T. 292)
47.
Year 82 (i^
Annulets as on (45).
(T. 298)
The engraver has omitted to join the <_ of ( j*^^ to the final
and, the ^j being tall, the word looks like ^^UJ .
AMAWI KHALI FEHS.
The preceding three coins, contrary to the analogy of the series,
have the conj. ^ which connects jL J with jJ^J at the beginning
of the third line, instead of at the end of the second.
48.
Year 100 (<-* &
Annulets as on (45).
(T. 478)
49.
Year 101
Annulets as on (45).
(T. 493)
50.
Year 128
Annulets I. OOOOOOO
II. O O O O O
(Inedited}
MEDINET BALKH EL-BEYDA.
51.
Year HI (<L~*j Xjt+z ^Jk^-1 <L
Large point below
Annulets (on obv. points) I. .'.
II. o o o o o
(T. 558)
J5T-TEYMERAH.
52.
Year 90 (^
Annulets I. & II. o o o o o
(T. 338)
53.
Year 91 (
Annulets as on (52).
(T. 359)
10 AMAWI KHALlFEHS.
-EZ-JEZI REH.
54.
Year 129
Annulets I. O O O O O
II. O O O O O
(T. 642)
This and the following coin depart, alone of all the series, from
the general analogy of the whole class by separating the marg.
inscr. of the obv. from the annulets by two instead of three serrate
circles, the third circle being removed to the outside of the annulets.
55.
Year 131 (*-~*_j ^^Jjj ^=*-\ ^ if^Jjas.b).
Annulets and circles as on (54).
(Inedited}
J AYY.
56.
Year 81 (&"**>) $A*~\ ^
Annulets I. & II. o o o o o
(T. 293)*
The conj. j is on this coin placed at the beginning of the third
line of the rev., as on nos. 45-47.
57.
Year 94 ( ti ^**Jj ^j\ &~* ^ L ^ : f?)-
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 399)
58.
Year 97 (^.^-Jj j-~j ^ ^ ^J^}-
Annulets as on (56).
(Inedited}
(For a coin struck at Jayy by Abu-Muslim in 129 see p. 35).
* The final letter of ^Jo^ , supposed by Fra'hn (apud T.) to be 1 ,
is, I think, really the back-turned form (<-_) of ^j , badly executed.
AMAW1 KHALIFEHS. 11
D E BTL.
59.
Year 84
Annulets as on (56).
(Inedited]
The final letter of J-j J does not extend above the line of the
tops of the preceding ^ and c_>, and would therefore appear to be
Q.J or ^ : but I am nevertheless of opinion that the word is Debil,
partly because none of the res occurring on the coin extends
below the line of the connecting strokes of c_-> and (jw and such-
like letters, whilst this final letter does so extend ; and partly
because Debil is already a known mint (cf. T. 314) and the capital
of Armenia, whereas Debir is only a village near Nisabur. The
other alternative, Dubbeyn, does not, so far as I know, exist as the
name of a town : it is mentioned in the Adnotationes to the Mardsid
el-ittila (T. v. p. 433) as a district, ' pagus trans Jordanem prope
DARABJARD.
60.
Year 90 (tj^***^ ^-
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 340)
61.
Year 92 ( c ;-*^' ,j^ ^ Ajogj**).
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 371)
62.
Year 93 (^^^J. ciJj L^ ^j J^s^jj).
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 381)
12 AMAWI KHALIFEHS.
63.
Tear 94 (^^uuJj _jj1 <L-o ^
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 406)
64.
Year 98 (^^^^ u^j <L~i ^ J^jjo).
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 463)
D E STUWA.
65.
Year 96 dj
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 436)
D I M AS H K.
66.
Year 79 (ujt*?~ i j t***" 1 ^ L5* L
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 276)
67.
Year 80 ((.p -
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 281)
68.
Year 81 (&~**j i_tX&-l <fc-j ^Jjl^Jj).
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 291)
AMAWI KHALIFEHS. 13
69.
Year 82 (^^ &~^ - JH^AJ).
Point. ^^UM^JO
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 297)
70.
Year 83 (|j^*^
Point.
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 302)
71.
Year 84 (<J~*i_)
Point.
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 306)
72.
Year 85 ((tf-"*
Point.
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 2722)
73.
Year 86 ( (i tf~*">
Points, c^w;
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 312)
74.
Year 87 (^i^-* 1 -^ ^r** 5 a> ' wyj
Points. (jM*Jj L- ^5
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 315)
14 AMAWI KHALIFEHS.
75.
Year 88 ( ( .j~
Points, ^^u*^^ <-_ )ja
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 319)
76.
Year 89 ( c ^-*^ j-***J> &*
Points.
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 323)
77.
Year 90 (^t
Point.
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 326)
78.
Year 91 ( cJ .x*ujj ^J^r*-! <L~> ^^ik^ji.').
Points. ^^u^Jij c- >-"
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 346)
79.
Year 93 ( c
Points.
.*$
Annulets as on (56).
j (T. 377)
80.
Same:
but no points.
81.
Year 94 ( CgW **Jj _j^ <Lj ^^^Jj).
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 394)
AMAWI KHALIFEHS. 15
82.
xear 95 .^xv*. 1 * IIMIM**" <LJ /*** Jo).
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 411)
83.
Year 96 (,j***uJj
Points. c^~
Annulets as on (56).
j (T. 432)
84.
Same:
but no points.
85.
Year 97 \i>j^ AkMj ) r T"' *''~~~~ ,*-~*-*^
Point. L-*j*
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 443)
86.
Year 98 (i^*^*-^ io^*J <i ^- ! ^J" 1 ^*^)'
Point. L_ ^
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 455)
87.
xear 99 ^ . . t-***>. ( y .MIL* tL>.' ,fc/i*. X' .
Point. L^.
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 469)
88.
(T. 477)
Year 100
Point.
Annulets as on (56).
16
AMAWI KHA.LIFEHS.
89.
Year 101 (<L~j ^
Point. L^>
Annulets as on (56).
90.
Year 102 (*-
Point.
Annulets as on (56).
91.
Year 103
Point.
v
Annulets as on (56).
92.
Year 104 (*-^j
Point. L-^J
Annulets as on (56).
93.
Year 105 ( <
Point.
Annulets as on (56).
94.
Same:
but no point.
(Inedited)
(T. 498)
(InedibtF)
(T. 512)
] (T. 518)
AM AW I KHAL1FEH8.
95.
17
Year 106 (
Point.
Annulets as on (56).
96.
Year 107
Point. ^-~;~
Annulets as on (56).
97.
Year 108
Annulets as on (56).
98.
Year HI
Year 113
Year 114
Year 115
Year 117
Annulets as on (56).
99.
Annulets as on (56),
100.
Annulets as on (56).
101.
Annulets as on (56).
102.
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 524)
(Inedited]
(T. 2746)
(T. 556)
(T. 2747)
(T. 571)
(Inedited]
18
AMAWI KHALIFEHS.
103.
Year US
Annulets invisible, the coin having been clipped.
(T. 588)
104.
Year 121 (<L~*j ^>A C J c/X&-l <L^ <_,,* Ju).
Annulets effaced.
(Inedited]
105.
Year 123 (L+ij ^.j^j *-^j &
Point. N ill i!
Annulets as on (56).
106.
Year 124
Year 127
Year 131
Annulets as on (56).
107.
Annulets as on (56).
108.
Annulets as on (56).
EJl-R AYY.
109.
Year 97 (^^Jj ~> ^
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 632)
(T. 2753)
(Iiwtifoel)
AMAW1 KHALIFEHS. 19
S ABU R.
110.
Tear 84 ( ( j~>*$) ^ *~>
Annulets as on (56).
(Inedited}
111.
Tear 91 djj?*^) ^J^^ ~
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 362)
112.
Tear 92 ( ( .^^ ^^ - ^ j^'W)'
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 36G)
113.
Tear 93 ((j-***^ ^-^J ^- ^yj^W)-
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 391)
114.
Tear 94 ( c rr***^^ ^
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 403)
115.
Tear 98 ( tl tf* JUUk -'.J uA*^ ^ L5*J!# .^'
Point, i y L*J
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 459)
20
AMAWI KHALlFEHS.
i>\MiMyy>l^ '*"
S IJ I ST A N .
116.
Year 90 (^-jt*^ &~> ^
Annulets as on (56).
117.
Year 93 (^t-Jt-Jj ciJJ <L~j
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 335)
( fnedited")
S AR A K H S.*
118.
Year 99 (
A pellet under <U-s
Annulets as on (56).
(Inedited}
This is the first coin of this mint that has ever been published.
The British Museum possesses a similar coin of the year 92, as may
be seen by a reference to the plate attached to my essay on the
Mint Characteristics of Arabic Coins. See also Mr. Thomas's
Comments on Recent Pehlvi Decipherments, p. 31.
* The name is also spelt Sarkhas, but the orthography I have
adopted seems to be held in better esteem.
AMAWT KHALIFEHS. 21
v
dr*
SURRA*.
119.
Year 90 ( (i tf****J' ^- ,5* J|/***?)'
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 342)
120.
Year 94 (^jt^i^ ^jj\ L~> ^ Jj/^X
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 2728)
S U K-E L-A H W A Z.
121.
Year 79 ((j^V-i? t*^' ^ ^
Annulets as on (56).
This is a fifth added to the four hitherto-known mints tfyat struck
coins in the year 79 : Dimashk, El-Kufeh, Jayy, Fil, to which we
now add Sulc-el-Ahwaz.
122.
Year 80 ( ( j^^ &
Annulets as on (56).
(Inedited)
123.
Year 94 (^^f**^ ^ ^- Lf'jy 1 ^ (J^**^^
Annulets as on (56).
(T. 407)
22 AMAWI KHALI FEHS.
124.
Year 96 Cj*** 1 * 1 *! cu-w> &*~
(The \ inserted in the
Annulets as on (56).
(cf. T. 2730)
US H-S H AM I Y E H.
125.
Year 131 (<~j (j*^^ ^$^>s>-\ <k*~: (L^LiJl- 1 ).
Annulets I. oo oo oo oo oo
II. o o o o o
(Inedited)
A similar coin of the same year is to be found in the British Museum
(see the table in my Mint Char., Num. Chron. N.S. xm. pi. i).
I am quite unable to identify this mint with any known
town. No name corresponding in the least with this is to be
found in the Harasid-el-ittild* ', or in Yakut's works. There
can be no doubt whatever as to the name delineated on the coin :
every character is perfectly distinct, and we are forced to read
<UxLJl, though of course this might be Es-Samiyeh, by omitting
the points : I think the penultimate letter must be a ^j . There
is not the slightest trace of a connection between the alif and the
following mim, by which the alif would be turned into a lam.
Sen. Camarino seems to read it Es-Samiyat (i.e. Es-Samiyeh) : see
Mr. Thomas's Comments, p. 31.
cAi
K A R M AIM.*
126.
Year 90 (i^-***^ &*> ic*
Annulets I. & II. o o o o o
(Inedited]
* This spelling is preferable to Kirmun.
AMAWI KHALIFEHS. 23
127.
Year 97 (^j-jjcuJj ^-j <L~ ^a ^U^ru).
Annulets as on (126).
(T. 2737)
-EZ-K F E H.
128.
Year 101
Annulets as on (126).
(T. 492)
129.
Year 102 (*~j ^j^^ <k~> Lj^=JU).
Annulets I. oo o oo o
II. o o o o o
(T. 2743)
130.
Year 129 (<
Annulets I. oo oo oo oo oo
II. o o o o o
(T. 643)
M A Hf.
131.
Year 90 ( C ^
Annulets I. & IT. o o o o o
(T. 341)
24 AMAWI KHALIFEHS.
132.
Tear 92 ( ( j^Jj (i j~$\ &- ^
Annulets as on (131).
(T. 368)
This is the first coin in this series on which I find the gram-
matical mistake of using the masculine form tl ^3l of the dual
numeral in adjectival connection with the feminine noun <L-j. On
all the preceding coins the correct feminine form ,.^j^ or (con-
tracted) i^j+z^ has been employed. The latter form ,^~jj, which
very commonly takes the place of ^^Jl, has been almost universally
misread by numismatists: they generally transcribe the word as
..^Jl , although this is grammatically wrong, and moreover (so far
as my experience goes) is uniformly opposed to the form of the
letter, the connecting line between the first stroke and the second
proving the former stroke to be a the. Only one other example of
the occurrence of the word .~3\ is to be seen in this series, no. 145.
133.
Year 96 (M***^J L^-WJ : ^
Annulets as on (131).
(Broken . ) (IneditecT)
/: 7.-M UBARAKEH.
134.
Year 108 (*~j u Uj <L^
Annulets I. @
II. o o o o o
(Tnedited')
135.
Same :
but on I. A. over the ^ of CX j>r - three points '.',
apparently counterstamped.
AMAW1 KHALIFEHS. 25
136.
Year 117 (**} &j*c- - <L^-a aL^s^dl').
Annulets as on (134).
(T. 2749)
.EZ-M E D H A R.
137.
Year 96 ( c ^**J_j c^-wj <i- .J
Annulets I. & II. o o o o o
(Inedited}
No coin of this mint has hitherto been published.
MARW.
138.
Year 91 (^-^ujj ^Jc=-l <L
Annulets as on (137).
(T. 351)
139.
Year 93 ( cr xxj. ijJJ <L- ^ *j^\
Annulets as on (137).
(T. 392)
140.
Year 95 (^^^jj ^A^. <L~) ^y ^*j).
Annulets as on (137).
(T. 418)
141.
Year 96 ( c ^** u ^j C^-j <il-j _s ^j).
Annulets as on (137).
( fnedited]
26 AMAWI KHALIFEHS.
142.
Year 97 (ij*****^ ^-
Pellet under <U-j
Annulets as on (137).
(T. 452)
143.
Year 99 ( tt }f**j
Pellet under
Annulets as on (137).
It is impossible to say whether the pellet belongs to the word
i^_i^ in the area or to the word <J, in the margin ; and the same
may be said with regard to nos. 142 and 118, where the pellet may
belong to AX-J or to 5 , or to tlX -2 .
(T. 473)
144.
Year 110 (L^jjLc. <L*j ^ j;/*j).
Annulets (in this instance points) I. .*. .'.
II. o o o o o
(T. 548)
145.
Year 133 *~*j ^tf^ ^^ ~ j &*$
14-T
Annulets J.. 00 00 00 00 oo oo oo oo