rank. At the command front, turn the head and eyes to the
front.

FACINGS.

428. To the flank: (1) Right (left), (2) FACE.

Raise slightly the left heel and right toe; face to the right,
turning on the right heel, assisted by a slight pressure on the
ball of the left foot ; place the left foot by the side of the right.
Left face is executed on the left heel in the corresponding
manner.

Right (left) half face is executed similarly, facing 45.

" To face in marching " and advance, turn on the ball of
either foot and step off with the other foot in the new line of
direction ; to face in marching without gaining ground in the
new direction, turn on the ball of either foot and mark time.

429. To the rear: (1) About, (2) FACE.

Carry the toe of the right foot about a half foot-length to the
rear and slightly to the left of the left heel without changing
the position of the left foot; face to the rear, turning to the
right on the left heel and right toe ; place the right heel by the
side of the left.

SALUTES.

430. (1) Nothing gives a better indication of the state of dis-
cipline than the observance of the forms of military courtesy.

(2) From time immemorial the salute has been a form of
military courtesy that has been strictly and conscientiously



124 INSTRUCTIONS FOR COAST GUARD STATIONS.

observed by men of every nationality who followed the profes-
sion of arms.

(3) In regard to personal salutes, a junior always salutes a
senior. An enlisted man salutes an officer, and the very officer
saluted is called to account if he fails to salute another officer,
his senior.

(4) If uncertainty exists in regard to the necessity for salut-
ing, the only rule to follow is to render the salute. It is far
better to salute, even if in doubt as to the necessity for so doing,
than to expose yourself to the cnance of censure and repri-
mand, and to be thought ignorant of the rules of one of the most
essential and elementary requirements of a military service.

431. (1) Hand, (2) SALUTE. Raise the right hand smartly
till the tip of the forefinger touches the low r er part of the head-
dress above the right eye, thumb and fingers extended and joined,
palm to the left, forearm inclined at about 45, hand and wrist
straight ; at the same time look toward the person saluted.
(2) Drop the arm smartly by the side.

STEPS AND MARCHINGS.

432. All steps and marchings, executed from a halt, except
right step, begin with the left foot.

433. The length of the full step in quick time is 30 inches,
measured from heel to heel, and the cadence is at the rate of
120 steps per minute.

The length of the full step in double time is 36 inches; the
cadence is at the rate of 180 steps per minute.

The instructor, when necessary, indicates the cadence of the
step by calling one, two, three, four, or left, right, the instant
the left and right foot, respectively, should be planted.

434. All steps and marchings and movements involving march
are executed in quick time unless the squad be marching in
double time, or double time be added to the command; in the
latter case double time is added to the preparatory command.
Example: (1) Squad right, double time, (2) MARCH (school of
the squad).

QUICK TIME.

435. Being at a halt, to march forward in quick time: (1)
Forward, (2) MARCH.

At the command Forward, shift the weight of the body to the
right leg, left knee straight.



INSTRUCTIONS FOR COAST GUARD STATIONS. 125

At the command inarch, move the left foot smartly straight
forward 30 inches from the right, sole near the ground, and
plant it without shock ; next, in like manner, advance the right
foot and plant it as above ; continue the march. The arms swing
naturally.

436. Being at a halt, or in march in quick time, to march in
double time: (1) Double time, (2) MARCH.

If at. a halt, at the first command shift the weight of the body
to the right leg. At the command inarch, raise the forearms,
fingers closed, to a horizontal position along the waist line;
take up an easy run with the step and cadence of double time,
allowing a natural swinging motion to the arms.

If marching in quick time, at the command march, given as
either foot strikes the ground, take one step in quick time, and
then step off in double time.

437. To resume the quick time: (1) Cluick time, (2) MARCH.
At the command march, given as either foot strikes the

ground, advance and plant the other foot in double time; re-
sume the quick time, dropping the hands by the sides.

TO MAKK TIME.

438. Being in march: (1). Mark time, (2) MARCH.

At the command march, given as either -foot strikes the
ground, advance and plant the other foot ; bring up the foot in
roar and continue the cadence by alternately raising each foot
about 2 inches and planting it on line with the other.

Being at a halt, at the command march, raise and plant the
feet as described above.

THE HALF STEP.

439. (1) Half step, (2) MARCH.

Take steps of 15 inches in quick time, 18 inches in double
time.

440. Forward, half step, halt, and mark time may be exe-
cuted one from the other in quick or double time.

To resume the full step from half step or mark time: (1) For-
ward, (2) MARCH.

SIDE STEP.

441. Being at a halt or mark time: (1) Right (left) step, (2)
MARCH.

Carry and plant the right foot 15 inches to the right; bring
the left foot beside it and continue the movement in the cadence
of quick time.



126 INSTRUCTIONS FOB, COAST GUARD STATIONS.

The side step is used for short distances only and is not
executed in double time.

If at order arms, the side step is executed at trail without
command.

BACK STEP.

442. Being at a halt or mark time: (1) Backward, (2)
MARCH.

Take steps of 15 inches straight- to the rear.

The hack step is used for short distances only and is not
executed in double time.

If at order arms, the back step is executed at trail without
command.

TO HALT.

443. To arrest the march in quick or double time: (1) Squad,
(2) HALT.

At the command halt, given as either foot strikes the ground,
plant the other foot as in marching; raise and place the first
foot by the side of the other. If in double time, drop the hands
by the sides.

TO MARCH BY THE FLANK.

444. Being in march: (1) By the right (left) flank, (2)
MARCH.

At the command inarch, given as the right foot strikes the
ground, advance and plant the left foot, then face to the right
in marching and step off in the new direction with the right
foot.

TO MARCH TO THE REAR.

445. Being in march: (1) To the rear, (2) MARCH.

At the command march, given as the right foot strikes tli^
ground, advance and plant the left foot ; turn to the right about
on the balls of both feet and immediately step oif with the left
foot.

If inarching in double time, turn to the right about, taking
four steps in place, keeping the cadence, and then step off with
the left foot.

CHANGE STEP.

446. Being in march: (1) Change step, (2) MARCH.

At the command march, given as the right foot strikes thi>
ground, advance and plant the left foot; plant the toe of the



INSTRUCTIONS FOR COAST GUARD STATIONS. 127

right foot near the heel of the left and step off with the left
foot.

The change on the right foot is similarly executed, the com-
mand inarch being given as the left foot strikes the ground.

MANUAL OF AKMS.

447. As soon as practicable the recruit is taught the use,
nomenclature, and care of his rifle (see art. 507 et seq.) ; when
fair progress has been made in the instruction without arms,
he is taught the manual of arms ; instruction without arms
and that with arms alternate.

448. The following rules govern the carrying of the piece:
First. The piece is not carried with cartridges in either the

chamber or the magazine except when specifically ordered.
When so loaded, or supposed to be loaded, it is habitually car-
ried locked; that is, with the safety lock turned to the "safe."
&t all other times it is carried unlocked, with the trigger pulled.

Second. Whenever troops are formed under arms, pieces are
immediately inspected at the commands: (1) Inspection, (2)
ARMS; (3) Order (right shoulder, port), (4) ARMS.

A similar inspection is made immediately before dismissal.

If cartridges are found in the chamber or magazine, they are
removed and placed in the belt.

Third. The cut-off is kept turned " off," except when cartridges
are actually used.

Fourth. The bayonet is not fixed except for bayonet training,
on guard, or for combat.

Fifth. Fall in is executed with the piece at the order arms.
Fall out, rest, and at ease are executed as without arms. On
resuming attention the position of order arms is taken.

Sixth. If at the order, unless otherwise prescribed, the piece
is brought to the right shoulder at the command march, the
three motions corresponding with the first three steps. Move-
ments may be executed at the trail by prefacing the preparatory
command with the words at trail; as (1) At trail, forward,
(2) MARCH; the trail is taken at the command march.

When the facings, alignments, open and close ranks, taking
interval or distance, and assemblings are executed from the
order, raise the piece to the trail while in motion and resume
the order on halting.

Seventh. The piece is brought to the order on halting. The
execution of the order begins when the halt is completed.



128 INSTRUCTIONS FOR COAST GUARD STATIONS.

Eighth. A disengaged hand in double time is held as when
without arms.

449. The following rules govern the execution of the manual
of arms :

First. In all positions of the left hand at the balance (center
of gravity, bayonet unfixed) the thumb clasps the piece; the
sling is included in the grasp of the hand.

Second. In all positions of the piece " diagonally across the
body " the position of the piece, left arm, and hand are the same
as in port arms.

Third. In resuming the order from any position in the manual,
the motion next to the last concludes with the butt of the pi ceo
about 3 inches from the ground, barrel to the rear, the left
hand above and near the right, steadying the piece, fingers ox-
tended and joined, forearm and wrist straight and inclining
downward, all fingers of the right hand grasping the piece. To
complete the order, lower the piece gently to the ground with the
right hand, drop the left quickly by the side, and take the posi-
tion of order arms.

Allowing the piece to drop through the right hand to the
ground, or other similar abuse of the rifle to produce effect in
executing the manual, is prohibited.

Fourth. The cadence of the motions is that of quick time ;
the recruits are first required to give their whole attention to
the details of the motions, the cadence being gradually acquired
as they become accustomed to handling their pieces. The in-
structor may require them to count aloud in cadence with the
motions.

Fifth, The manual ^is taught at a halt, and the movements
are, for the purpose of instruction, divided into motions and
executed in detail ; in this case the command of execution de-
termines the prompt execution of the first motion, and the com-
mands, two, three, four, that of the other motions.

To execute the movements in detail, the instructor first cau-
tions By the numbers; all movements divided into motions are
then executed as above explained until he cautions, Without the
numbers; or commands movements other than those in the
manual of arms.

Sixth. Whenever circumstances require, the regular positions
of the manual of arms and the firings may be ordered without
xegard to the previous position of the piece.

Under exceptional conditions of weathor or fatigue, the rifle
may be carried in any manner directed.



INSTRUCTIONS FOR COAST GUARD STATIONS. 129

450. Position of order arms standing: The butt rests evenly
on the ground, barrel to the rear, toe of the butt on a line with
toe of and touching the right shoe, arms and hands hanging
naturally, right hand holding the piece between the thumb and
fingers.

451. Being at order arms: (1) Present, (2) ARMS.

With the right hand carry the piece in front of the center
of the body, barrel to the rear and vertical, grasp it with the left
hand at the balance, forearm horizontal and resting against the
body. (2) Grasp the small of the stock with the right hand.

452. Being at order arms: (1) Port, (2) ARMS.

With the right hand raise and throw the piece diagonally
across the body, grasp it smartly with both hands; the right
palm down, at the small of the stock ; the left palm up, at the
balance ; barrel up, sloping to the left and crossing opposite the
junction of the neck with the left shoulder; right forearm
horizontal ; left forearm resting against the body ; the piece in
a vertical plane parallel to the front.

453. Being at present arms: (1) Port, (2) ARMS.

Carry the piece diagonally across the body and take the posi-
tion of port arms.

454. Being at port arms: (1) Present, (2) ARMS.

Carry the piece to a vertical position in front of the center of
the body and take the position of present arms.

455. Being at present or port arms : (1) Order, (2) ARMS.
Let go with the right hand ; lower and carry the piece to the

right with the left hand ; regrasp it with the right hand just
above the lower band ; let go with the left hand, and take the
next to the last position in coming to the order. (2) Complete
the order.

456. Being at order arms: (1) Right shoulder, (2) ARMS.
With the right hand raise and throw the piece diagonally

across the body; carry the right hand quickly to the butt, em-
bracing it, the heel between the first two fingers. (2) With-
out changing the grasp of the right hand, place the piece on
the right shoulder, barrel up and inclined at an angle of about
45 from the horizontal, trigger guard in the hollow of the
shoulder, right elbow near the side, the piece in a vertical plane
perpendicular to the front; carry the left hand, thumb and
fingers extended and joined, to the small of the stock, tip of
3407921 9



130 INSTRUCTIONS FOR COAST GUARD STATIONS.

the forefinger touching the cocking piece, wrist straight and
elbow down. (3) Drop the left hand by the side.

457. Being at right shoulder arms: (1) Order, (2) ARMS.
Press the butt down quickly and throw the piece diagonally

across the body, the right hand retaining the grasp of the butt.
(2), (3) Execute order arms as described from port arms.

458. Being at port arms: (1) Right shoulder, (2) ARMS.
Change the right hand to the butt. (2), (3) As in right

shoulder arms from order arms.

459. Being at right shoulder arms : (1) Port, (2) ARMS.
Press the butt down quickly and throw the piece diagonally

across the body, the right hand retaining its grasp of the
butt. (2) Change the right hand to the small of the stock.

460. .Being at right shoulder arms: (1) Present, (2) ARMS.
Execute port arms. (3) Execute present arms.

461. Being at present arms : (1) Right shoulder, (2) ARMS.
Execute port arms. (2), (3), (4) Execute right shoulder

arms as from port arms.

462. Being at port arms : (1) Left shoulder, (2) ARMS.
Carry the piece with the right hand and place it on the left

shoulder, barrel up, trigger guard in the hollow of the shoulder ;
at the same time grasp the butt with the left hand, heel between
first and second fingers, thumb and fingers closed on the stock.
(2) Drop the right hand by the side.

Being at left shoulder arms: (1) Port, (2) ARMS.

Grasp the piece with the right hand at the small of the stock.
(2) Carry the piece, to the right with the right hand, regrasp
it with the left, and take the position of port arms.

Left shoulder arms may be ordered directly from the order,
right shoulder or present, or the reverse. At the command
arms execute port arms and continue in cadence to the position
ordered.

463. Being at order arms: (1) Parade, (2) REST.

Carry the right foot 6 inches straight to the rear, left knee
slightly bent ; carry the muzzle in front of the center of the
body, barrel to the left; grasp the piece with the left hand
just below the stacking swivel, and with the right hand below
and against the left.

Being at parade rest: (1) Squad, (2) ATTENTION.

Resume the order, the left hand quitting the piece opposite
the right hip.

464. Being at order arms: (1) Trail, (2) ARMS.



INSTRUCTIONS FOR COAST GUARD STATIONS. 131

Raise the piece, right arm slightly bent, and incline the
muzzle forward so that the barrel makes an angle of about
30 with the vertical.

When it can be done without danger or inconvenience to
others, the piece may be grasped at the balance and the muzzle
lowered until the piece is horizontal ; a similar position in the
left hand may be used.

465. Being at trail arms: (1) Order, (2) ARMS.

Lower the piece with the right hand and resume the order.

BIFLE SALUTE.

446. Being at right shoulder arms: (1) Rifle, (2) SALUTE.

Carry the left hand smartly to the small of the stock, fore-
arm horizontal, palm of hand down, thumb and fingers extended
and joined, forefinger touching end of cocking piece; look
toward the person saluted. (2) Drop left hand by the side;
turn head and eyes to the front.

467. Being at order or trail arms: (1) Rifle, (2) SALUTE.
Garry the left hand smartly to the right side, palm of the

hand down, thumb and fingers extended and joined, forefinger
against piece near the muzzle; look toward the person saluted.
(2) Drop the left hand by the side; turn the head and eyes
to the front.

THE INSPECTION.

468. Being at order arms : (1) Inspection, (2) ARMS.

At the second command take the position of port arms. (2)
Seize the bolt handle with the thumb and forefinger of the right
hand, turn the handle up, draw the bolt back, and glance at
the chamber. Having found the chamber empty, or having
emptied it, raise the head and eyes to the front.

469. Being at inspection arms: (1) Order (right shoulder,
port), (2) ARMS,

At the preparatory command push the bolt forward, turn the
handle down, pull the trigger, and resume port arms. At the
command arms, complete the movement ordered.

TO DISMISS THE SQUAD.

470. Being at halt: (1) Inspection, (2) ARMS; (3) Port, (4)
ARMS; (5) DISMISSED.



132 INSTRUCTIONS FOR COAST GUARD STATIONS.
SCHOOL OF THE SQUAD.

471. Men are grouped into squads for purposes of instruction,
discipline, control, and order.

472. The squad proper consists of a 2 p. o. and seven men.
The movements in the School of the Squad are designed to

make the squad a fixed unit and to facilitate the control and
movement of the company. If the number of men grouped is
more than 3 and less than 12, the: are formed as a squad of
4 files, the excess above 8 being posted as file closers. If the
number grouped is greater than 11, 2 or more squads are formed
and the group is termed a platoon.

For the instruction of recruits, these rules may be modified.

473. A 2 p. o. is the squad leader, and when absent is replaced
by a designated man. If none is designated, the senior in
length of service acts as leader.

The 2 p. o., when in ranks, is posted as the left man, in the
front rank of the squad.

When he leaves the ranks to lead his squad, his rear-rank man
steps into the front rank, and the file remains blank until the
squad leader returns to his place in ranks, when his rear-rank
man steps back into the rear rank.

474. In battle officers and 1 p. os. endeavor to preserve the
integrity of squads ; they designate new leaders to replace those
disabled, organize new squads when necessary, and see that
every man is placed in a squad.

Men are taught the necessity of remaining with the squad to
which they belong and, in case it be broken up or they become
separated -therefrom, to attach themselves to the nearest squad
and platoon leaders, whether these be of their own or of another
organization.

475. The squad executes the halt, rests, facings, steps, and
marchings and the manual of arms as explained in the School
of the Recruit.

TO FORM THE SQUAD,

476. To form the squad the instructor places himself 3 paces
in front of where the center is to be and commands : FALL IN.

The men assemble at attention, pieces at the order, and are
arranged by the 2 p. o. in double rank, as nearly as practicable
in order of height from right to left, each man dropping his left
hand as soon as the man on his left has his interval. The rear
rank forms with the distance of 40 inches.



INSTRUCTIONS FOR COAST GUARD STATIONS. 133

The instructor then commands: COUNT OFF.

At this command all except the right file execute eyes right,
and, beginning on the right, the men in each rank count one,
two, three, four; each man turns his head and eyes to the front
as he counts.

Pieces are then inspected.

ALIGNMENTS.



477. To align the squad, the base file or files having been
established: (1) Right (left), (2) DRESS, (3) FRONT.

At the command dress all men place the left hand upon the
hip (whether dressing to the right or left) ; each man, except
the base file, when on or near the new line executes eyes right,
and, taking steps of 2 or 3 inches, places himself so that his
right arm rests lightly against the arm of the man on his right,
and so that his eyes and shoulders are in line with those of the
men on his right; the rear-rank men cover in file.

The instructor verifies the alignment of both ranks from the
right flank and orders up or back such men as may be in rear
or in advance of the line ; only the men designated move.

At the command front, given when the ranks are aligned,
each man turns his head and eyes to the front and drops his
left hand by his side.

478. To preserve the alignment when marching : GUIDE RIGHT
(LEFT).

The men preserve i;heir intervals from the side of the guide,
yielding to pressure from that side and resisting pressure from
the opposite direction ; they recover intervals, if lost, by gradu-
ally opening out or closing in ; they recover alignment by
slightly lengthening or shortening the step; the rear-rank men
cover their file leaders at 40 inches.

In double rank, the front-rank man on the right, or designated
Hank, conducts the march; when marching faced to the flank,
the leading man of the front rank is the guide.

TO STACK AND TAKE AEMS.

470. Being in line at a halt : STACK ARMS.

Each even number of the front rank grasps his piece with the
left hand at the upper band and rests the butt between his feet,
barrel to the front, muzzle inclined slightly to the front and
opposite the center of the interval on his right/ the thumb and



134 INSTRUCTIONS FOR COAST GUARD STATIONS.

forefinger raising the slacking swivel; each even number of the
rear rank then passes his piece, barrel to the rear, to his file
leader, who grasps it between the bands with his right hand and
throws the butt about 2 feet in advance of that of his own piece
and opposite the right of the interval, the right hand slipping
to the upper band, the thumb and forefinger raising the stacking
swivel, which he engages with that of his own piece ; each odd
number of the front rank raises his piece with the right hand,
carries it well forward, barrel to the front; the left hand,
guiding the stacking swivel, engages the lower hook of the
swivel of his own piece with the free hook of that of the even
number of the rear rank ; he then turns the barrel outward into
the angle formed by the other two pieces and lowers the butt to
the ground, to the right of and against the toe of his right shoe.

The stacks made, the loose pieces are laid on them by the
even numbers of the front rank.

When each man has finished handling pieces, he takes the
position of attention.

480. Being in line behind the stacks : TAKE ARMS.

The loose pieces are returned by the even numbers of the
front rank ; each even number of the front rank grasps his own
piece with the left hand, the piece of his rear-rank man with
his right hand, grasping both between the bands; each odd
number of the front rank grasps his piece in the same way with
the right hand, disengages it by raising the butt from the
ground and then, turning the piece to the right, detaches it from
the stack ; each even number of the front rank disengages and
detaches his piece by turning it to the left, and then passes the
piece of his rear-rank man to him, and all resume the order.

481. Should any squad have Nos. 2 and 3 blank files, No. 1
rear rank takes the place of No. 2 rear rank in making and
breaking the stack ; the stacks made or broken, he resumes his
post.

Pieces not used in making the stack are termed loose pieces.
Pieces are never stacked with the bayonet fixed.