Ilariet G. Eddy, library specialist

Prof. Henry Pratt Fairchild, professor
of sociology. New York University

Kenneth Fearing, poet

I'rof. Mildred Fairchild, professor of
economics, Bryn :Mawr College

Alice Withrow Field, writer

Sara Bard Field, writer

William O. Field, Jr., chairman of the
board, American Russian Institute

Irving Fineman, writer

Marjorie Fischer, writer

Angel Flores, writer, critic

Waldo Frank, writer

Wanda Gao, artist

Hugo Gellert. artist

Robert Ge.ssuer, department of English,
New York University

Prof. Willystiue Goodsell, associate pro-
fessor of education (retired), Colum-
bia University

Mortimer Graves, of the American
Council of Learned Societies

Dr. John H. Gray, economist, former
president of the American Economics
xVssociation

V\'illiam Gropper, artist

IMaurice Halperin, associate editor,
Books Abroad

Earl P. Hanson, explorer, writer

Prof. Samuel N. Harper, professor of
Russian language and institutions,
Chicago Universit.v.

Rev. Thomas L. Harris, national execu-
tive secretary, American League for
Peace and Democracy

Dashiell Hammett, writer

Ernest Hemingwa.v

Granville Hicks, writer

Prof. Norman E. Himes, department of
sociology, Colgate University

Charles J. Hendley, President Teachers'
Union of the City of New York

Leo Huberman, writer

Langston Hughes, jwet

Agatha Hies, writer

Rev. Otis G. Jackson, rector of St. Paul's
E])iscopal Church, Flint, Mich.

Sam JafFe, actor

Orrick Johns, poet

^latthew Joseph.sou, writer



170 STATE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEE LOYALTY INVESTIGATION



George Kauffinan, playwright

Prof. Alexander Kann, associate pro-
fessor of Slavic languages, University
of California

Fred C. Kelly, writer

Rockwell Kent, artist

Dr. Jolin A. Kingsbury, social worker,
administrative consultant, WPA

Beatrice Kinkead, writer

Lincoln E. Kirstein, ballet producer

Arthur Kober. playwright

Alfred Kreyniborg, poet

Edward Laml>, lawyer

Dr. Corliss Lamont, writer, lecturer

Margaret I. Lamont, sociologist, writer

.7. J. Lankes, artist

Jay Leyda, cinema critic

John Howard Lawson, playwright

Kmil Lengyel, writer, critic

Prof. Max Lerner, professor of govern-
ment. Williams College

Meridel LeSueur, writer

Meyer Levin, writer

Prof. Charles W. Lightbody, department
of government and history, St. Law-
rsHice University

Robert Morss Lovett, Governor of the
Virgin Islands, and editor of The
New Republic

Prof. Halford E. Luccock, Yale Univer-
sity Divinity School

Katherine DuPre Lumpkin, writer

Klaus Mann, lecturer, writer, son of

Thomas Mann

Prof. F. O. Mathiessem, associate pro-
fes.sor of bistory of literature. Har-
vard University

Dr. Anita Marburg, department of
P^nglish. Sai'ah L:!wrence College

Dr. George Marshall, ec(momist

Aline MnclNIalion, actress

Clifford T. McAvoy, instructor, depart-
ment of romance languages. College of
the City of New York

Prof. V. J. McGill, professor of philoso-
phy. Hunter College

Prof. Robert McGregor, Reed College

Rutb McKenney, writer

Darwin J. Mesrole, lawyer

Prof. Herbert A. Miller, professor of
economics, Bryn Mawr College

Harvey O'Connor, writer

Clifford Odets, playwright

Senator McCarthy. I would like to call one to the committee's at-
tention, somethino- I did not suspect before I saw this document.
It seems that on September 12. 1949, one of these Communist-front
organizations sponsored a dinner for Henry A. Wallace and, believe
it or not, the convert charge was $10.

Now, Mr. Chairman, I understand that you have hired a staff to
obtain the complete information on anyone in the State Department
or closely related agencies who is suspected of being a bad security
risk.



Shaemus O'Sheel writer, critic

Mary White Ovington, social worker

S. J. Perelmau, writer

Dr. Jolni P. I'etei-s, department of in-
ternal medicine, Yale University
Medical School

Dr. Emily M. Pierson, physician

Walter N. Polakov, engineer

Prof. Alan Porter, professor of German,
Vassar College

George D. Pratt, Jr., agriculturist

John Hyde Preston, writer

Samuel Putnam, writer

Prof. Paul Radin, professor of anthro-
pology. University of California

Prof. Walter Rautenstrauch, professor
of industrial engineering, Columbus
University

P.ernard J. Reis, accountant

Bertha C. Reynolds, social worker

Lynn Riggs, playwright

Col. Raymond Robins, former head of
American Red Cross in Russia

William Rollins, Jr., writer

Harold J. Rome, composer

Ralph Roeder, writer

Dr. Joseph A. Rosen, former head, Jew-
ish Joint Distribution Board

Eugene Schoen, architect

Prof. Margaret Shlauch, associate
p/ofessor of English, New York Uni-
versity

Prof. Frederick L. Scliuman, professor
of government, Williams College

Prof. Vida D. Scudder. professor emer-
itiis of English, Wellesley College

George Seldes, writer

Vincent Sheean, writer

Viola Brothers Shore, scenario writer

Herman Shuudin, producer

Prof. Ernest J. Sinnuons, assistant pro-
fessor of English literature, Harvard
T jiiversity

Irina Skariatina, writer

Dr. F. Tredwell Smith, educator

Dr. Steplienson Smitii, president, Ore-
gon Conunonwealth Federation

Hester Sondergaard, actress

Isobel Walker Soule, writer, editor

Lionel Stander, actor

Cliristina Stead, writer

A. F. Steig, artist

Alfred K. Stern, housing specialist



STATE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEE LOYALTY INVESTIGATION 171

1 am, therefore, subiiiittin<i; to the cliairinan for the attention of
the staff a list of 25 names which requires further investigation. All
of these individuals to the best of my knowledoe are either in the State
De]>artment, or in closely related a<»encies. At least they were very
recently.

Senator Tydings. We will look them up.

Senator Mc^Caktiiy. I understand all of them have been investi-
•rated by the Federal Bureau of 1 n vest i^fi^t ion and that such FBI in-
vest i<>at ions have developed information which is now in the files —
information which, accordino- to Acheson's own "yardstick of loyalty"
would stamp many, if not all of them, as beinj^ bad security risks.

'\^'ith the very limited staff which I have available (and, as the
Chair knows, 1 have been alloc;:ted no funds for this investi<2:ation ;
I have been conducting it completely on my own), it would take me
a considerable period of time to develop all of the information on
all of these individuals and submit individual cases on each of them
to the connnittee.

I intend, of course, to continue my investigation and assemble all
available information which comes to my attention on any of these
individuals, which information shall be available to the staff of this
connnittee.

In the meantime, in order to get things started, I believe the staff
might well start checking on these individuals. Obviously, the staff
could do a much speedier job in that the files, which are not easily
available to me, will be available to the committee.

Xone of the names which I now hand the Chair covers the cases
which I covered on the Senate floor.

Let me make that clear. These are additional names, some I had
not had time to develop when I made the speech on the Senate floor.

vSenator Tytoxgs. AYe are glad to have them. We will look into
them, examine the files, and make a report.

Senator McCarthy. I thank the chairman.

I shall continue to develop as much information on those cases as
possilde and will, of course, submit to the connnittee all such informa-
tion as soon as I have it properly documented.

I have remaining a considerable amount of information on the bal-
ance of these cases covered on the Senate floor, which information is
being assembled as rapidly as possible and put into shape to be pre-
sented to the committee. This task will be completed as soon as
possible.

I now give the Chair, if I may, these names.

Senator Tydixgs. Those are the keys?

Senator McCarthy. Those are the 25 names that have bad informa-
tion in their files, information which indicates they should not be
there.

Senator Tydixgs. I am very ho])eful that we can get our staff under
way some time during the week, and I would like to consult the Sena-
tor as to his convenience when he will give us in executive session,
as he said he would, the names of the 81 people, some of whom he
has since given us in public, but all of the 81 cases that he delineated
on the Senate floor, so that we may key the names to the information
which the Senator has given ns, and when we request the files, make
sure that we are requesting them for all the people that he has men-
tioned in his testimony.



172 STATE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEE LOYALTY INVESTIGATION

I would like to say to tlie Senator that it would be very helpful to
the committee if we could get all of the names at one time, for this
reason : I would like to make the request in writing, confidentially of
course, to the proper authorities for all of these files at one time, and
provide a safe place, arranged as they come from different depart-
ments, where they can all be assembled in one room, so that if the
Civil Service files or State Department or any other files are needed,
we will have them all in one place, where we can make a thorough
and complete investigation of a case without having to go from one
de])artment to another, and I am sure the Senator will want it done

that way.

Senator McCarthy. I think it is an excellent idea.

Senator Tydings. But unless we have all of the files in one room at
the start, it will take us much longer than we need to do it. So I will
ask the Senator, as I said, at his convenience, in executive session,
today if he would like to, or tomorrow, if he will not give us the
keys'so that we can turn them over to counsel and our staff and begin
the operation of assembling these files.

Senator McCarthy. Let me say to the Chair that as soon as I have
all the information assembled which I have— I think I have con-
siderable information of benefit to your staff.

Senator Tydings. We would like to have it.

Senator McCarthy. It will all l)e turned over with the names. I
have given you the names of 25 that I consider very important, 25 that
I have not been able to develop beyond the point of knowing that the
files are valuable. The files show that the FBI has given information
which, so far as I know, makes them bad security risks under Ache-
son's own yardstirlv. The staff will have plenty to do on those 25
and will have no difficulty at all, I am sure, in transmitting to the
staff information which I have. I am sure we will get along on that
very well.

I might say that before I turn over the Senate floor cases 1 want
to check all of the information, document it, and give it to you. There
seems to be a great deal of interest, and rightly so, on the part of
people as to just the extent of the information we have on those par-
ticular cases.

Senator Tydings. I would say to the Senator that during the course
of this proceeding if he will come to me with any additional matter
that he has not given to us at the start, we will be glad to have it.

In order that there may be no misunderstanding about it, I would
appreciate it if the Senator would hand it personally to me until
such time as I can designate somebody else to hand it to in the event
that I am not available at the moment.

As I understand it, the Senator has now placed his case before us.
and he wants us to go ahead and investigate these loyalty files and

Senator McCarthy. You understand that I have a sizable number
of additional cases to lav before the Senator, work that will take, I
assume, 2 or 3 or 4 days. ^ Whether the Chair will want it in executive
session or in public I frankly do not care.

Senator Tydings. How does the Senator want to do it ?

Senator McCarthy. I think, Mr. Chairman, when we refer to men
like John Service, Owen Lattimore, individuals of top importance,
I believe any facts which we have with regard to them definitely



STATE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEE LOYALTY INVESTIGATION ] 73

should 1)0 made public. 1 think those morals cases, which also are
extremely bad security risks, obviously should be made in executive
session. Then there is an area in between which I frankly don't care
Avhotlier they are made in public or executive session.

1 miirht say this, outside of the top men, like Hanson, who is taking
over this point 4 program, Lattimore. and several other names that
I think should be given in ])ublic. I think the names better be given
in executive session, now that you have a staff to check on them. That
is merely my suggestion.

I might say to the Chair I would like to see the Chair follow through
his suugestion this afternoon. I can give him information which
1 think^

Senator Tydings. I am going to ask the Senator if he won't hold
that information until tomorrow, because I have no place to keep it.
1 prefer to have the Senator keep it until tomorrow, until I can make
some definite arrangements for quarters and one or two other things,
protecting the information we get and so on.

What I would like to know is, does the Senator want us to go ahead
now. or does he want us to sit to hear more things ?

Senator McCarthy. I will have considerable more, Mr. Chairman,
but I would like some time to develop the cases so I can present them
in chronological order, with all the information I have. That wall take
me time.

Senator Tydings. I am not questioning it. I am just trying to find
out to acconnnodate the Senator. When does he think he will want
to have this stuff available, and how does he want to deliver it to us?
Does he want to do it in a session such as we are in now, or does he
want to hand it to the committee for investigation? There are five
of us on the committee. Whatever way the Senator wants to do it,
we will try to accommodate him. We will leave that up to his judg-
ment.

Senator McCarthy. I thank the Chair, and as I get the other cases
in shape I will contact the Chair, and I am sure we can work out some-
thing completely satisfactory to both the committee and myself as to
how the further facts will be presented.

Senator Tydtxgs. In order to make the record straight, I put in
the record the first day, cut out, the case numbers from 1 to 81, 1 think
it was, and put those in the record so that vce would have that already
as a part of the testimony, and I take it for granted the Senator wants
that made a part of his sworn testimony.

Senator McCarthy. I do no not mind having it made part of the
recf)rd. If the chairman wants me to repeat any of it under oath, I
will be glad to do so.

Senator Tydings. I do not want you to repeat it. I want to know
what category it is in. I want to know whether you desire it to be
part of your sworn testimony. We can put it in as a part of the Con-
gressional Record, or we can put it in as part of his sworn testimony.
Which would he prefer?

Senator McCarthy. I do not follow the chairman. The chairman
has ])ut the evidence in the record. That is the committee's testimony.
If I see fit to put any testimony in, I will put it in. Do you follow
me?



174 STATE DEPARTMENT EAIPLOYEE LOYALTY INVESTIGATION

Senator Tydings. AVliat I meant was, the Senator gave us 81 cases
on the floor of the Senate. I am not trying to take any advantage of
the Senator.

Senator McCarthy. The Senator would have difficulty doing that.

Senator Ttdings. I believe I would, and I would not do it if 1
could. I would like the Senator to believe that. I want him to have
a fair chance here in every sense of the word.

Senator McCarthy. I am sure the Chair does.

Senator Tydings. He delineated 81 cases on the floor of the Sen-
ate, which I have put in the record. I see no reason \A'hy they should
not be a part of the Senator's sworn testimou}', that he is bringing
those cases before the committee.

Senator McCarthy. The only way you can make those part of the
sworn testimony, Mr. Chairman, is to ask me to repeat them. You can-
not make an oath retroactive. I do not follow the Chair at all, and
I assume the Chair is not a lawyer. There is no way of making an
oath retroactive. If the Chair wants me to repeat what I said on the
Senate floor, under oath, I will be glad to come in and do that. There
is no possible way the Chair can put things in the record and say
"Now will you consider that as part of your testimony under oath?"

Let's make this clear. If the Chair wants me to come back here
at any time and repeat any part or all of what I said on the Senate
floor, and do it under oath, I will be glad to do it. I am not going
to try to indulge in some completely impossible and ridiculous proce-
dure of trying to make an oath retroactive.

Senator Tydixgs. I have no disposition to make it retroactive.
What I thouglit was, the Senator has testified under oath. He has
also delineated certain cases on the Senate floor. I simply wanted
to ask him if the remarks he made on the Senate floor, and which are
now a part of tlie record, he wishes included in his sworn testimony,
or wlietlier he wishes them not included in the sworn testimony. That
is all I asked the Senator.

Senator McCarthy. Mr. Chairman, regardless of what my wishes
are, the only way I can make them part of the sworn testimony is to
swear to them, either in affidavit form or repeat them. If the Chair
desii-es them put in affidavit form, if he wants me to repeat them, I
will be glad to take that up with him. Otlierwise, the Chair has
introduced them.

Senator Tydings. All right, if the Senator does not want to make
them part of his sworn testimony.

Senator McCarthy. I will make it part of my sworn testimony
if the Chair wants me to come in and repeat it. There is no way
of making an oath retroactive.

Senator Tydings. Certainly there is. All he needs to say is "All
the things I gave in these cases on the Senate floor I would like
considered a part of my sworn testimony." It is just as simple as
that. There is no trick about that.

Senator McCarthy. I am telling the Chair it can't be done, but
if he wants me to come in and read that part of the Congressional
Record under oath, I will be glad to do that at any time, this after-
noon.

Senator TvmNGS. I was asked by some committee members to ask
that c}uestion of the Senator, and I have discharged my obligation
to them.



STATE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEE LOYALTY IXVEiSTIGATION 175

Wlioiiever tlie Senator wants to return to the stand, all he has to do
is to tell the chairman.

Senator McCarthy. I thank the chairman very much.

Senator Tydixgs. I would like to ask if Jud<ie Dorothy Kenyon is
in the room ^ I don't know her. She may have some friends in the
room. AVe are counting on hearing her at 2 : 30 this afternoon unless
when I get to my office I find she has requested a postponement to
another day. So far I have received no such message, so unless that
is received, we will proceed, as scheduled yesterday, at 2: 30, to hear
Judge Kenyon.

(Whereupon, at 12: 20 p. m., a recess was taken until 2:30 p. m. of
the same day.)

AFTERNOON SESSION

Senator Tydings. The committee will come to order.

For the record, the day that Senator ^IcCarthy testified, bringing
in the name of Miss, or Judge Dorothy Kenyon, I received a telegram,
either that daj' or the following morning, I think that night, in which
^liss Kenyon asked me to accord her the privilege of a hearing.

I inmiediately replied and told her that I would be glad to set Tues-
day, today, as the time when she might come before this committee
and answer any remarks or charges which Senator ISIcCarthy had
made, and asked her was that satisfactory.

I immediately received another telegram from Judge Kenyon in
which she said Tuesday would be satisfactory, and she is here in re-
sponse to those telegi'ams.

So that Judge Kenyon may know what the powers of this com-
mittee are, and what its duty is, and I think we owe it to her, she
may not have seen the formal resolution which brought us into being,
I would like to read it before she testifies.

This is Senate Resolution 231. It was agreed to on February 22,
1950. The resolution reads as follows :

That the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, or any duly authorized
subcommittee thereof, is authorized and directed to conduct a full and complete
study and investigation as to whether persons who are disloyal to the United
States are or have been employed by the Department of State. The committee
shall report to the Senate at the earliest practicable date the results of its
investigation, .together with such reconnuendations as it may deem desirable,
and if said recommendations are to include formal chai-ges of disloyalty against
any individual, then the committee, before making said recommendations, shall
give said individual open hearings for the purpose of taking evidence or testi-
mony on said charges. In the conduct of this study and investigation, the com-
mittee is directed to procure, by sul»pena, and examine tlie complete loyalty
and employment files and records of all the Government employees in the
Department of State and such other agencies against whom charges have been
heard.

Senator McCarthy, on the first day he appeared before our com-
mittee in open hearing, made certain statements. Judge Kenyon, in
which your name was drawn.

You are now at liberty to proceed to answer them in such manner
as you deem fit.

Before you testify, will you stand and raise your right hand.

Do you solemnly promise that the testimony you shall give m this
matter pending before the committee, in accordance with Senate
Resolution 231, shall be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but
the truth, so help you God ?



176 STATE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEE LOYALTY INVESTIGATION

Miss Kenton. I do.

Senator Tydings. Take a seat, Judge. You may proceed.

TESTIMONY OF MISS DOROTHY KENYON, ACCOMPANIED BY
THEODORE KIENDL, COUNSEL

]\tiss Ken YON. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman, for giving
me this opportunity to appear.

My name is Dorothy Kenyon. I live at No. 433 West Twenty-first
Street, New York City. I am a practicing lawyer with offices located
at No. 50 Broadway, New York City.

When I was informed of the accusations that were made against
me before this subconnnittee last week, I did explode. Doubtless my
indignation led me to make some impulsive remarks in unparliamen-
tary language. Reflection, and a recollection refreshed by such in-
vestigation as I could make in the interim, now permits a more dis-
passionate approach. However, nothing can diminish the deep
resentment I feel that such outrageous charges should be publicized
before this subcommittee and broadcast over the entire Nation without
any notice or warning to me.

My answer to these charges is short, simple, and direct. I am not,
and never have been disloyal. I am not and never have been, a
Communist. I am not, and never have been a fellow traveler. I am
not, and never have been, a supporter of, a member of, or a sympathizer
with any organization known to me to be, or suspected by me of benig,
controlled or dominated by Communists. As emphatically and un-
reservedly as possible, I deny any connection of any kind or character
with connnunism or its adherents. If this leaves anything iinsaid to
indicate my total and complete detestation of that political philosophy,
it is only because it is impossible for me to express my sentiments.
T mean my denial to be all-inclusive.

So absolute a negation of the charges should be supplemented with
an equally positive, but brief, affirmation of what I am and have

been.

I received my A. B. degree from Smith College and my law degree-
doctor juris — from New York University Law School. I am a member
of Phi "Beta Kap])a and have been for several years a senator of the
United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa.

I come of a f amilv of lawyers, my father having been a patent laywer
in New York City where my brothers and a cousin now practice under
the firm name of Kenyon & Kenyon. My father's cousin, William S.
Kenyon, was for many years a member of the United States Senate
and later a Federal judge in Iowa.

I was admitted to the bar in 1917 and have practiced law continually
ever since, except during certain periods when I held public office.
Mine is a general practice. I am a member of the Bar Association of
the City of New York, the New York County Lawyers' Association,
the New York State Bar Association, the American Bar Association,
the National Women Lawyers' .Association, the American Society of
International Law, the American Branch of the International Law
Association and several others.

I have held public office three times, first from June 1, 1936, to De-