as many turns (about five) around the roller as will
allow the piece to descend. The gunner passes the
ends of the rope over and under the trunnions, and ties
ART. 3.] WITH THE HANDSPIKE. 161
them by a right-knot on top of the piece, the standing
part of the rope being innermost; he then forms a loop
of the ends of the rope to receive a handspike for
steadying the piece. No. 1 secures the windlass by
inserting a handspike in the upper mortice, and allow-
ing it to rest against the knob of the cascable.
Unlimber.
414. No. 3 unhooks the lashing-chain. Nos. 3 and
4 chock the wheels front and rear, and place a scaffold
of four blocks under the stock close in rear of the ma-
noeuvring staples. The gunner and nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10
go to the pole and raise it sufficiently to enable no. 6 to
insert the butt of his handspike between the fork and
the stock in rear of the pintle. The pole is then borne
down, and no. 4 places a half block on top of the scaf-
fold, when the pole is raised and the limber drawn out,
Nos. 3 and 4 form a scaffold of three blocks and a
half block on each side parallel to the axis of the piece
in front of the muzzle, and place the half roller on top
of it. Nos. 1 and 2, assisted by nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10,
embar upon the half roller under the end of the stock,
and raise it. No. 4 removes the half block from the
rear scaffold, and, assisted by no. 3, moves forward the
scaffold under the bolster.
By gradually lowering the front scaffold, and repeat-
ing the purchases, the trail is lowered until it rests
upon one block. The men at the handspikes then em-
bar under the swell of the muzzle. No. 4 removes the
block, and, assisted by no. 3, places a long roller under
the reinforce just in front of the trunnions.
Place the skids.
415. Nos. 3 and 4 remove the front scaffold, and
place the skids, one on each side of the stock and
parallel to its direction, their inner ends opposite to the
bolster.
■\ 14*
162 MECHANICAL MANffiUVRES. [PART 2.
Ease away.
416. Nos. 1 and 2, assisted by nos. 7 and 8, allow
the piece to descend, and nos. 3 and 4 receive the
chase on a long roller at a point about two feet in rear
of the chase-ring. The piece is lowered until it rests
upon this roller on the skids. Nos. 4 and 3 place the
half roller under the reinforce about a foot in rear of
the trunnions.
Back the wagon.
417. Nos. 3 and 4 unchock the wheels. Nos. 1 and
2 and the gunner cast off the rope, and the wagon is
run back as in no. 391. By alternately raising and
lowering the chase, the piece is placed upon two blocks.
To YOUR POSTS.
418. The stakes are put in, the implements replaced,
and all resume their posts.
Vo ntount a Howitzer upon the ntortar'wagou.
Executed as for the gun.
419. To limber. Pass two handspikes across and
under the trail, to which apply eight men, two at each
end of each handspike. Raise the trail and limber the
wagon.
420. To remove ihe long roller. Embar with two
handspikes under the muzzle, each on a fulcrum
formed with one half block and a wheel chock. Raise
the piece, and run the roller close to the muzzle. Take
a second purchase on the wheel chocks as fulcrums.
Raise the muzzle, withdraw the roller, and lower the
piece to its place on the wagon.
Fl^TE 30.
U£.MJtiush. 2'f-Art.Veic.
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U.RSIUuiTL,2*/trt.J)6lc.
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M' :t
ART. 3.] WITH THE HANDSPIKE. fSB
To dismount the hoveitser.
Executed as for the gun.
To unlimber and to place the long roller are executed
in the reverse manner to that prescribed in nos. 419
and 420.
Remark.
421. The gun can be placed upon the mortar-wagon
■without using the windlass, in the following manner:
The wagon, unlimbered, its stakes removed, is in
the prolongation of the axis of the piece, its trail on
the ground about two yards from the knob of the cas-
cable.
Raise the gun as in no. 362 and following, until it is
on a scaffold of one half block, three blocks, and a half
block on each skid, and the half roller under the trun-
nions. Maintain the piece on this half roller, and run
the wagon up until the side rails nearly touch the scaf-
fold.
Raise the stock of the wagon on a scaffold of four
blocks placed crosswise under it just in rear of the sta-
ples. Bear down on the muzzle and place a long roller
on the wagon just in rear of the front cross-bar plate.
Raise the muzzle and remove the half roller and the
half blocks from its scaffold, and place a second long
roller under the chase at its junction with the reinforce.
Attach the rope to the knob of the cascable, and run
the gun back to its place on the wagon.
The rollers are then removed, and the wagon lim-
bered, as prescribed in no. 410 and following.
164 MECHANICAL MANCEUVRES. [PART %
liESSON XXIX.
Vo thift n €fuu front one carriage to attoiher,
Vo ghifi a IMovpiijser from one carriage to another
( Plate XXXII. )
422. The implements necessary are :
3 Short rollers.
6 IVheel chocks.
6 Roller chocks.
1 !Shifting-plank.
1 Trace-rope.
aro shift a €fHn front one carriage to atwtlter,
423. The piece is unlimbered; the spare carriage,
limbered — cap-squares taken off and elevating screw
removed — is placed accurately in prolongation of the
former, two yards from its trail.
424. The instructor having caused handspikes to be
inserted in the trunnion holes, as in no. 335 and follow-
ing, commands:
Back the carriage.
Nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10 apply themselves to the hind
wheels of the spare carriage, and nos. 5 and 6 apply
themselves to the fore wheels. The gunner directs
the pole, and the carriage is backed, wheel against
wheel, to the unlimbered carriage. Nos. 3 and 4 trans-
I
ART. 3.] WITH THE HANDSPIKE. 165
fer the rear chocks from the unlimbered carriage to the
front of the hind wheels of the limbered carriage.
Place the plank and rollers, and attach the
ROPE — Heave and haul.
425. The gunner places himself on the inside of the
wheels between the two carriages, and lowers the rol-
ler on the stock until it is in a position to support the
plank, when he chocks it; runs the plank, which is
handed him by no. 6, under the chase as far as it will
go, beveled side down; places a roller on the plank un-
der the reinforce, as far forward as possible, nos. 1, 2,
3 and 4 depressing the muzzle for that purpose; attaches
the rope to the knob of the cascable, and passes its
ends to nos. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10; places a third roller
at the end of the plank on the stock of the spare car-
riage, with a roller chock in front of it, near the screw
box; and then applies himself to the rope.
Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 raise the chase, and the piece is
drawn back until its trunnions are over the chin bolts of
the spare carriage; they then depress the muzzle suf-
ficiently to enable the gunner to return the third roller
to the end of the plank. Nos. 7 and 8 take two turns
with the rope around the manoeuvring bolts.
Draw out the carriage.
426. Nos. 3 and 4 unchock the wheels of the unlim-
bered carriage, and^ assisted by nos. 1 and 2, slightly
raise the chase to enable the gunner to remove the roller
which is under it. Nos. 9 and 10 and 5 and 6 move
the carriage forward about six inches, when the chase
is lowered, the swell of the muzzle resting on the stock.
Nos. 9 and 10, assisted by nos. 3 and 4, draw the car-
riage slowly out, its trail two yards from the muzzle,
the gunner at the same time removing the plank.
166 mechanical manoeuvres. [part 2.
Slack off.
427. Nos. 7 and 8 slack off equally and carefully
upon the rope, and ease the trunnions into their holes.
The short roller is then removed from under the rein-
force as in no. 331 and following.
Vo ahift a Mowitser fraut one carriage to another*
Executed as for the gun.
Remark.
428. A piece may be shifted from one carriage to
another by placing it as prescribed in no. 371 and fol-
lowing, and then substituting the new carriage for the
old.
UJt.KS,ush..2^Art.Delt.
V.ACCleUaruL Sc
ART. 3.] WITH THE HANDSPIKE. 167
Ii£SSON XXX.
Va »hifi a €htu front tite niortar^veagon to H» carriage.
To shift a Chtu from its carriage to the tnortartvagon,
Vo shift a Wowitxer from, the ntortar-teagon to its carriage*
Vo shift a Hotcitser front, its carriage to the utortar^tvagon.
429. The implements necessary are :
2 liOns rollers.
1 Short roller.
1 Half block.
6 IVheel chocks.
6 Roller chocks.
1 Trace-rope.
Vo shift a Gun from tite ntortar-ieagoH to its ctn-riage,
430. The carriage and wagon are both limbered, and
the head of the cheeks of the carriage placed two
yards from the windlass.
431. The instructor commands :
Place the long rollers under the chase and
REINFORCE HeAVE.
The gunner places a half block and a wheel chock
on the end of the stock of the mortar wagon, or on the
fork of the limber, to serve as a fulcrum. Nos. 1 and 2
embar with the handspike of the latter under the muz-
zle and raise the chase, nos. 4 and 3 at the same time
placing a long roller under the trunnions and chocking
168 MECHANICAL MANOEUVRES. [PART 2.
it front and rear. Nos. 1 and 2 bear down the muzzle,
and nos. 4 and 3 place a second long roller under the
middle of the reinforce. The gunner attaches the rope
to the knob of the cascable, and passes it to nos. 7, 8,
9 and 10.
Back the carriage.
432. The carriage is backed, wheel against wheel
with the wagon, as in no. 424, and nos, 3 and 4 chock
the wheels in contact in front. The gunner places the
short roller on the head of the stock to receive the
breech. Nos. 3 and 4 unchock the long roller under
the trunnions. The others repair to the rope.
The piece is drawn back until the trunnions are over
the chin bolts. Nos. 7 and 8 take two turns of the
rope around the manceuvring bolts. Nos. 5 and 6 em-
bar between the chase and cheeks in order to relieve
the wagon from the weight of the muzzle.
Draw out the wagon.
433. Nos. 3 and 4 transfer the chocks from the
wheels of the mortar wagon to the wheels of the piece,
and the wagon is drawn out two yards to its front, as in
no. 426.
Slack off.
434. Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 lower the muzzle, and nos.
7 and 8 slack off the rope equally and carefully, allow-
ing the trunnions to descend into their holes.
The short roller is then removed as in no. 331 and
following.
Vo ahm a €htu front its carriage to the ntbrtartvagon,
435. The carriage and wagon are limbered, and the
rear of the wagon is placed two yards from the muzzle.
ART. 3.] WITH THE HANDSPIKE. 169
436. The instructor causes the short roller to be
placed under the reinforce, as in no. 326 and following,
and directs the gunner to attach the rope to the knob of
the cascable.
Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 lift and push at the muzzle,
and the piece is drawn back until the trunnions are
over the chin bolts, when nos. 7 and 8 take two turns
of the rope around the manoeuvring bolts.
Back the wagon — Heave and haul.
437. Nos. 5 and 6 embar between the chase and
cheeks in order to raise the muzzle, and the wagon is
backed wheel against wheel with the carriage. Nos. 3
and 4 cliock its hind wheels in front; place along roller
on the rear part of the wagon under the chase; chock
it in front; and stand ready to insert the other long rol-
ler. The gunner takes off the rope and attaches it to
the muzzle. Nos. 3 and 4 unchock the long roller,
and place the chocks near the front cross-piece of the
wagon. The piece is drawn forward until the breech
is slightly in advance of the breech hurter.
Remove the long rollers.
438. The gunner takes off the rope, and adjusts a
fulcrum at the end of the stock of the wagon. Nos. 1
and 2, by bearing down the muzzle, enable nos. 3 and
4 to remove one of the long rollers, leaving the other
under the trunnions; they theji embar under the muz-
zle, and lower it into the bolster. Nos. 4 and 3 run
out the remaining roller by the front.
Draw out the carriage.
Executed as in no. 426.
OPo ghift a Bowitxer front the ntortar^wagon to it» carriage,
Vo nhift a Bbnvitser from its carriage to the nun-tar'^tcagOHt
Both executed as for the gun. When the wagon and
carriage are brought together, their hind wheels over-
lap each other so as to bring the head of the stock as
near as possible to the rear of the wagon.
'.15
170 MECHANICAL MAN(EUVRES. [PART 2»
I.ESSON XXXI.
Vo change or to grease a wheel,
T^o dismount a carriage attd its iimber,
Vo retnount the carriage attd its limber.
To dismount the tnortar^wagon,
Vo remount the mortar-wagon.
( Plate XXXIII. )
439. The implements necessary are:
6 Blocks.
3 Half blocks.
6 IVheel chocks.
Vo change or to grease a vplteel,
440. The piece may be either limbered or unlim-
bered. The spare wheel is lying upon the ground,
near the wheel to be changed . .
441. The instructor commands;
Change the right hind wheel.
The pole is moved to the left, and no. 3 chocks the
left hind wheel front and rear. The gunner being fur-
nished by nos. 3 and 4 each with one block, one half j
block, and a wheel chock, lays the half blocks on the
ground, end to end, under the right of the axle-body,
perpendicularly to the direction of the axletree; places
a block upright upon each of the half blocks; and upon
ART. 3.] WITH THE HANDSPIKE. 171
the upright blocks wheel chocks to serve as fulcrums.
Nos. 2 and 6, assisted by nos. 1 and 5 respectively,
erabar upon these fulcrums under the axletree.
Heave.
442. The wheel is raised from the ground. Nos. 3
and 4, facing each other, apply themselves to it, lift it
off and roll it out of the way; raise the spare wheel,
apply themselves to it in the same manner, and lift it on.
Remarks.
443. When the piece is unlimbered, a wheel may be
changed by using the trail as a lever, in the following
manner:
To change the right wheel. No. 4 chocks the left
wheel front and rear. No. 3 removes the linch pin
and washer. The trail is raised as in limbering, and
the gunner places a prop about thirty inches in length
under the right cheek close in rear of the axletree.
By bearing down the trail the right wheel is raised
from the ground, when it may be changed, or greased,
by nos. 3 and 4.
444. In travelling the wheels should be greased at
least once in two days.
Vo distnouui a carriage and its timber,
445. The carriage is without its piece, and unlim-
bered, and the rear of the limber placed two yards from
the trail.
446. The instructor commands :
Dismount the carriage and its limber.
Nos. 3 and 4 chock the wheels front and rear; fur-
nish the gunner each with a block; remove the linch
17.2 MECHANICAL MANCEUVRES. [PART 2.
pins and washers; and, assisted by nos. 5 and 6, place
each a scaffold of two blocks under and perpendicular
to the axletree, midway between its middle and the
wheels.
Raise the trail.
447. Nos 1 and 2 embar through the wheels under
the cheeks. Nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10 apply themselves by
hand to the stock. The trail is raised.
The gunner lays one block upon the ground length-
wise under the stock; places the other block upright
upon it; and upon the upright block a w^heel chock per-
pendicularly to the direction of the stock, and twenty
inches in rear of the axletree. In order to steady the
carriage, nos. 1 and 2, facing to the rear, embar under
the axletree and against the cheeks, the butts of their
handspikes on the ground.
Lower the trail, and take off the wheels.
448. The trail being borne down, the wheels are
raised free from the ground. Nos. 3 and 5 and 4 and 6
apply themselves to the wheels.
Heave.
449. Acting together they lift them both off at the
same time, and let them fall outwards upon the ground.
Raise the trail.
450. The trail is raised until the axletree rests upon
the scaffolds which are under it. The gunner then lays
two blocks one on top of the other, under and perpen-
dicular to the stock at the rear ends of the cheeks, and
places the wheel chock on them.
art. 3.] with the handspike. vt9
Lower the trail.
451. As the trail is lowered nos. 3 and 4 remove the
blocks from under the axletree.
Raise the trail.
452. Nos. 1 and 2 ease the head of the cheeks upon
the ground, and the gunner removes his two blocks.
Lower the trail.
453. The trail is lowered to the ground, and nos. 3
and 4 replace the linch pins and washers.
To the limber.
454. Nos. 3 and 4 remove the linch pins and wash-
ers from the limber wheels. Nos. 1 and 2 run their
handspikes between the sweep-bar and axletree, and
rest the butt ends upon the splinter-bar; they are
assisted to lift by nos. 7 and 8. Nos. 3 and 5 and 4
and 6 apply themselves to the wheels.
Heave.
455. Nos. 1, 2, 7 and 8 lift the limber, and at the
same time nos. 3 and 5 and 4 and 6 lift off the wheels
and allow them to fall outwards to the ground. The
limber is lowered, and nos. 3 and 4 replace the linch
pins and washers.
To your posts.
456. All resume their posts at the stock of the car-
riage, and replace the implements.
15*
174 MECHANICAL MANCEUVRES. [PART 2. ]
To remount tite carriage and its limber.
457. The instructor commands:
Mount the carriage and limber.
Nos. 3 and 4 each furnish the gunner with a block;
remove the linch pins and washers; and place chocks
nearly in the position which they will occupy when the
wheels are on. Nos. 1 and 2 stand ready to steady the
carriage by embarring under the front of the axletree.
Nos. 9, 10, 7, 8, 5 and 6 apply themselves by hand to
the stock.
Raise the trail.
458. The trail is raised, and the gunner forms a
scaffold of his two blocks under and perpendicular to
the stock at the ends of the cheeks, and places a chock
upon it. Nos. 3 and 4 each take a block and repair to
the front of the axletree.
Lower the trail.
459. The trail is borne down. Nos. 5 and 6 each
give a block to nos. 3 and 4 respectively, and nos. 3
and 4 form two scaffolds of blocks under the axletree.
Raise the trail.
460. Nos. 5 and 6 assist to raise the trail. The gun-
ner shifts his two blocks; lays one upon the ground;
sets the other upright upon it; and upon the upright
block places the chock twenty inches in rear of the
axletree.
Lower the trail, and put on the wheels.
461. The trail is borne down. Nos. 3 and 5 and 4
and 6 raise the wheels and bring them near the ends of
the axletree.
art. 3.] with the handspike. 175
Heave.
462. The wheels are put on at the same moment.
Nos. 3 and 4 tighten the chocks, and replace the linch
pins and washers.
Lower the trail.
463, Nos. 1 and 2 embar through the wheels under
the cheeks. The gunner removes his blocks, and the
trail is lowered to the ground.
To THE limber.
" 464. Nos. 1 and 2 insert their handspikes as in dis-
mounting the limber, and are assisted to lift by nos. 7
and 8. Nos. 3 and 4 remove the linch pins and wash-
ers, and, assisted by nos. 5 and 6, raise the wheels.
Heave.
465. All act together and the limber is raised, and
the wheels put on at the same time. Nos. 3 and 4
replace the linch pins and washers.
Vo diantount the tnoftarmwagon*
466. The instructor commands :
Dismount the wagon.
Nos. 1 and 2 run their handspikes under the wind-
lass and over the axletree, and are assisted to lift by
nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10. Nos. 3 and 5 and 4 and 6 apply
themselves to the wheels.
Heave.
467. All act together and the wheels are lifted off
and allowed to fall outwards, when the body of the
wagon is lowered to the ground.
176 MECHANICAL MANCEUVRES. [PART 2. I
Vo reitiount the nun'tar^magmu 1
The wagon is mounted in th^e inverse way to that
prescribed for dismounting it.
Remark.
468. A carriage may be dismounted or mounted by
a single lift in the following manner:
The gunner lays a block under and perpendicular to
the stock, just in rear of the axletree. Nos. 1 and 2
pass their handspikes under the axletree to nos. 5 and
6, and are assisted by nos. 7 and 8 and 9 and 10. Nos.
3 and 4, assisted by the chief of detachment and gun-
ner, take off or put on the wheels.
njtushj*jirtj)at.
MJifOMarvd So
I < (>
ART. 3.] WITH THE HANDSPIKE. 1T7
liESSON XXXII.
To iovner a barbette carriage from its c1ta$si$, the piece
being- mounted,
Vo retuot$nt the barbette carriage upoti its chassis,
Vo grease t/te rotters of a barbette carriage, the piece being
ntounted,
Vo grease tlte forks of the trarerse witeels.
(Plate XXXIV.)
469. The implements necessary are :
3 Blocks.
3 Half blocks.
4 IVheel chocks. '
'■i Planks, 15 feet long, beveled at the ends.
1 Field limber, ammunition box removed.
Vo tower a barbette carriage from its chassis, the piece being
utounted,
470. The piece is in battery, and the limber placed
accurately in the prolongation of its axis, about six
yards to the rear.
471. The instructor commands:
Raise the trail.
Nos. 3 and 4 chock the rollers, and place each a
wheel chock upon the rails near the manoeuvring staples
-' ^
178 MECHANICAL MANGE5UVRES. [PART 2.
to serve as fulcrums. Nos. 5 and 6 embar upon these
chocks under the staples. No. 2 inserts his handspike
in the bore, and is assisted to bear down by no. 1. No.
4 stands ready with a block.
Heave.
472. As the trail is raised nos. 4 and 3 place the
block on the tongue under and perpendicular to the
transom and axle-tie.
Remove the traverse wheels.
473. The gunner takes out the prop, and then ap-
plies himself to the end of the tongue to lift. No. 2
passes his handspike through the manceuvring loop, and
is assisted by nos. 1, 7 and 8. No. 6 crosses his hand-
spike under the tongue near the rear transom, and is
assisted by nos. 5, 9 and 10. All face to the front.
Nos. 3 and 4 stand ready to remove the traverse wheels.
Heave.
474. The rear of the chassis is raised. Nos. 3 and
4 remove the wheels, and the chassis is gently lowered
upon the traverse circle.
Place the planks.
475. Nos. 3 and 4, assisted by nos. 5 and 6, form a
scaffold of a block and a half block on each side of the
carriage under and perpendicular to the chassis, about
four inches in rear of the middle transom, and then
place the planks resting on them, their inner edges
against the rails of the chassis, and their front ends
about four inches in front of the middle transom,
beveled sides up.
art. 3.] with the handspike. 179
- Back the limber.
476. The gunner and nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10 back the
linnber up the planks; raise the pole tq engage the pm-
tle in the lunette; and then bear down upon the pole in
order to raise the trail. No. 4 removes the block from
under the trail. No. 3 keys the pintle.
Run down the piece.
477. Nos. 3 and 4 unchock the wheels. All apply
themselves by hand, as in no. 320, and run the piece
carefully down the planks to the terre-plein.
Vo reinount the barbeite carriage upon iis chassis,
478. The rear of the chassis rests upon the traverse
citcle, and the piece, limbered, is placed accurately in
the prolongation of the tongue, about six yards to the
rear.
479. The instructor commands:
Place the planks.
Nos. 3 and 4, assisted by nos. 5 and 6, place the
planks as prescribed in no. 475.
Back the piece.
480. Nos. 1 and 2 embar through the wheels near
the tire, under the front manceuvring bolts. Nos. 3
and 4 embar in a similar way over the rear manoeu-
vring bolts. Nos. 5 and 6 embar under the rear of the
carriage wheels. Nos. 7 and 8 and 9 and 10 apply
themselves by hand to the limber wheels. The gun-
ner directs the pole.
180 mechanical man(euvres. [part 2.
Heave.
481. The piece is backed up the planks into battery.
Nos. 3 and 4 chock the wheels.
Raise the trail — Draw out the limber.
482. The gunner and nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10 bear down the
pole, while nos. 4 and 3 place a block under and perpen-
dicular to the transom and axle-tie. The pole is then
raised to disengage the pintle from the lunette, and the
liiiiber and planks are removed.
Replace the traverse wheels.
483. Nos. 3 and 4 stand ready with the traverse
wheels. The men apply themselves to the rear of the
chassis, as prescribed in no. 473.
Heave.
484. As the chassis is raised, nos. 3 and 4 put in the
wheels. The gunner replaces the prop.
The block under the transom and axle-tie is removed
by the means prescribed for placing it in no. 471 and
following.
Remark.
485. The iron parts of carriages which are not
lackered should always be kept well greased.
Vo grease the rotters of a barbette carriage f t/te piece beiug
mounted,
486. The piece is run from battery as in no. 102.