The implements, &c.,with the addition of one hand-
spike, and their arrangement, are the same as pre-
scribed for the 8-inch sea-coast howitzer in no. 117.
120. The instruction for this piece varies but slightly
from that prescribed in Lesson X.
The shell is brought up in the following manner:
No. 6 takes the handspike and goes for the shell, fol-
lowed by no. 5. He passes the small end of the hand-
spike through the ring of the shell-hooks, if the shell
has ears, or through the loop of the rope handle; no. 5
holds the small end of the handspike with the right
hand, no. 6 the butt end, no. 5 in front. They bring
it up on the left of the piece, and place themselves
parallel to the parapet, no. 5 behind no. 2. No. 5,
stepping between the parapet and the face of the piece,
gives his end of the handspike to no. 1, and places
himself on the tongue, or on the platform, opposite to
the muzzle; no. 6 gives his end of the handspike to
no. 2. Nos. 1 and 2 raise the shell until it is opposite
to the muzzle, when no. 5, applying his hands under
it, raises the sabot and inserts it in the muzzle. No. 2
withdraws the handspike and passes it to no. 6, who
replaces it. No. 5 pushes the shell into the muzzle,
and returns to his post.
^ €fharg€gf A*c.
See Tables in Part III.
60
SERVICE OF THE PIECE.
[part 1.
X
I.ESSON XII.
Serrice of a Gun tnounied on a casemate carriage,
( Plate XIV. )
Five men are necessary; one gunner and four other
cannoneers.
121. The piece is in battery.
The implements, &c., are arranged as follows:
Truck-handspikes
EleTating-hand-
spikes
Traversing-hand-
spikes
Roller-handspike .
One on each side of the carriage,
leaning against the wall, in line
with the cannoneers.
One on each side of the carriage,
leaning against the wall, behind
nos. 3 and 4.*
One on each side of the carriage,
leaning against the wall, oppo-
site to the end of the tongue.*
Leaning against the wall, behind
the gunner, or laid down in the
alignment on his right.
* These are manauvring handspikes. With two pieces in one
casemate, or where the pieces are not separated by piers, they may
be placed against the nearest wall, or laid down in the most conve-
nient position.
ART. 1.]
CASEMATE GUN.
ei
ISpouge .
Rammer
Pass-box.
Tnbe-ponch
Cruiiuer's-ponch
Chocks
Vent-corer
Tompion
Broom
Budge-barrel .
About one yard behind the can-
noneers of the right, the sponge
uppermost, the sponge and ram-
mer-heads turned from the em-
brazure, inclined slightly from
the piece, and supported upon a
prop or block.
Behind no. 4.
Containing friction tubes, and the
lanyard, wound in St. Andrew's
cross upon its handle. Sus-
pended from the knob of the
cascable.
Containing the gunner's level,
breech-sight, fingerstall, prim-
ing-wire, gimlet, vent-punch,
chalk-line, and chalk. Sus-
pended from the knob of the cas-
cable.
One on each side of the carriage,
on the front transom of the
chassis, handles outwards.
Covering the vent.
In the muzzle.
Leaning against the scarp wall, on
the left of the piece.
Containing cartridges, at the safest
and most convenient place in
rear of the piece.
When several guns are served together, there will be
only one gunner's level and two vent-punches to each
battery, not exceeding six pieces. To the same battery
there will be one worm, one ladle, and one wrench.
The balls are regularly piled against the wall, behind
no. 2.
6
62 SERVICE OF THE PIECE. [PART 1.
The wads are placed between the wall and the balls,
partly resting on them.
122. The cannoneers having been marched to their
posts, the instructor explains to them the names and
uses of the implements, and the nomenclatures of the
gun, its carriage, and the battery.
123. To cause the implements to be distributed, the
instructor commands:
Take implements.
The gunner mounts upon the tongue; takes off the
vent-cover, handing it to no. 2 to place against the
scarp; gives the tube-pouch to no. 3; and equips him-
self with his own pouch and the fingerstall, wearing
the latter on the second finger of the left hand. With
the assistance of no. 3 he levels the piece, and applies
his level to ascertain the line of metal, which, with the
assistance of no. 2, he marks with the chalk-line. (If
the gun has permanent sights, this is only necessary for
instruction, or for verifying the sight.) He then takes
the roller-handspike, and resumes his post. This hand-
spike is held vertically with the right hand, the lower end
upon the ground in line with the toes, the arm extended
naturally.
No. 3 equips himself with the tube-pouch.
Nos. 1 and 2 take the truck-handspikes with the hand
farthest from the wall, and carry them to that side,
holding them vertically, the lower end upon the ground
in line with the toes, the arm extended naturally.
124. The instructor causes the service of the piece to
be executed by the following commands:
1. From battery.
The gunner embars in the left mortice of the roller.
Nos. 1 and 2, facing from the scarp wall, embar in
the most convenient front mortices of the truck-wheels.
ART. 1.] CASEMATE GUN. 63
the hand farthest from the carriage at the top of the
handspike, the other hand eight inches lower.
Nos. 3 and 4 go to the assistance of nos. 1 and 2,
and, facing towards them, seize the handspikes with
both hands between those of nos. 1 and 2.
Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 in applying themselves to the car-
riage, either to run it from or to battery, break to the
rear with the foot nearest to the carriage.
All being ready, the gunner presses the roller under
the rear transom of the gun carriage, by bearing down
upon his handspike, and gives the command Heave.
Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 act together, and bear upon the
handspikes until they are nearly down to the rails.
The gunner then disengages the roller from under the
transom by raising his handspike, and commands
Unbar. Nos. 1 and 2 let go the handspikes with the
hand nearest to the carriage, and chock the wheels.
Nos. 3 and 4 withdraw the handspikes and pass them
to nos. 1 and 2, who reinsert them in the front mortices.
The gunner again bearing down upon his handspike,
gives the command Heave, and so on, until the face
of the piece is about one yard from the wall, when,
raising his handspike, he commands Halt, and shifts
it into the right mortice of the roller. Nos. 1 and 2
chock the wheels, and replace their handspikes against
the wall. All resume their posts.
2. Load by detail — Load.
125. Executed as in nos. 103 and 104, with the fol-
lowing modification: no. 3, facing towards the scarp,
embars under the breech, and maintains the piece in a
convenient position for inserting the sponge, until he
receives a signal from the gunner to unbar.
3. Sponge.
126. Executed as in no. 105.
64 service of the piece. [part 1.
4. Ram.
127. Executed as in no. 106.
5. In BATTERY.
128. Nos. 1 and 2 unchock the wheels, and, facing
from the scarp wall, apply their hands to the front of
the cheeks.
Nos. 3 and 4, facing towards the scarp wall, lay hold
of the handles.
The gunner bears down carefully upon the roller-
handspike, and the piece is run into battery. As soon
as the wheels touch the hurters, he commands Halt.
Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 resume their posts.
6. Point.
129. Nos. 1 and 4 take the traversing-handspikes,
and, facing towards the scarp wall, embar under the
ends of the rear transom of the chassis. No. 1, in
passing from and to his post, moves on the outside of
no. 3.
When the elevation is given by the quoin, no. 2
takes an elevating-handspike and embars upon the left
cheek under the reinforce.
The gunner withdraws the priming-wire, and, aided
by nos. 1 and 4, gives the direction, as in no. 108.
He then applies the breech-sight, if necessary, and
points the piece; commanding Lower, or Raise, tap-
ping, at the same time, on the upper side of the knob of
the cascable with the left hand and drawing out the
quoin with the right, in order to elevate, or tapping
upwards on the lower side and shoving in the quoin, in
order to depress the piece.
The moment the piece is correctly pointed, he rises
on the left leg, and gives the word Ready, making a
signal with both hands, at which nos. 1, 2 and 4 unbar,
replace their handspikes, and resume their posts; takes
the breech-sight with the left hand, the roller-handspike
ART. 1.] CASEMATE GUN. 65
with the right, and disposes himself to observe the
effect of the shot.
If the elevation is given by a screw, no. 3 turns its
handle by direction of the gunner.
No. 3, having passed the hook of the lanyard through
the eye of a tube from front to rear, inserts it in the
vent, and stretches the lanyard as in no. 108.
At the word Ready, nos. 1 and 2 take the chocks,
and, breaking off with the feet farthest from the wall,
stand ready to chock the wheels.
7. JVumber one (or the like) — Fire.
130. Executed as in no. 109.
What is prescribed in no. 110 will apply to this piece.
131. To continue the exercise, the instructor resumes
the series of commands beginning with From battery.
To change posts.
To ioaa for action.
To cease Hiring*
Vo secure piece, an4t replace intplements.
Executed as in nos. 112, 113, 114 and 115.
Vo leare the battery.
132. The instructor forms the detachment in rear of
the piece, and marches it from the battery as pre-
scribed in no. 13.
133. Remark. The service of a gun mounted on a
casemate carriage of the old pattern (which is without
the eccentric roller) will require the following modifi-
cation: The roller-handspike is dispensed with, and the
gunner, at the command From battery, moves two
paces to his right.
Vo serve the piece ufith reduced nmmbers.
Executed as in no. 35.
6»
â– 4
66 SERVICE OF THE PIECE. [PART 1.
tyitargegf Cflc,
134. The ordinary service charge of powder for
heavy guns is one-fourth the weight of the shot. For
firing double shot it is one-sixth that weight.
Range of a 42-pdr., at an elevation of 1° 30', charge IO5 lbs. 860 yds.
Range of a 42-pdr., at an elevation of 5°, charge IO5 lbs. . 1955 **
Range of a 32-pdr., at an elevation of 1° 30', charge 8 lbs. 800 "
Range ofa32-pdr., at an elevation of 5°, charge 8 lbs. .1922 "
Proof range of powder • . . . . 300 **
Greatest elevation the carriage admits 8°
Greatest depression the carriage admits 4°
See Tables in Part III.
Itapidity of Aring,
JPenetratiim. of shot.
See nos. 38, 40 and 41.
FLATE 14.
Gun Carriage.
Iv'I Rear transom
2 Truck wheels.
3 Trail handles.
4 CoiuUer harters.
5 Elevating Screw handle.
i~ 6 Eccentrics andRoUer.
Front Transom, between the Jiecut of cjieeks.
Guides, between the cheeks against front trans orn.
It. R B.Rush. Bf'Art.nelt.
DM^CUlland Sc
ART. 1.] 8-lNCH COLUMBIAD — CASEMATE. 67
JLESSON XIII.
Service of um Switch Coiumhiad tnounied on a casentate
carriage.
( Plate XIV. )
Five men are necessary; one gunner and four other
cannoneers.
135. The piece is in battery.
The implements, &c., and their arrangement, are the
same as prescribed for the casemate gun in no. 121,
substituting havresack — worn by no. 4 from the right
shoulder to the left side — for pass-box.
The shells are at the magazine, or other safe position,
and are brought, as required, to the place prescribed
for the budge-barrel.
136. The instruction for this piece differs in no ma-
terial respect from that prescribed in Lesson XII.
It is loaded with a shell, which is attached to a sabot.
The shell is brought up by no. 4, together with the car-
tridge, and is set home in the same manner as the ball,
except that it is not rammed.
Charges, *c.
137. Greatest charge of powder ....... 10 lbs.
Charge of the shell filled with powder 2 lbs. 9 oz.
Bursting charge of the shell 1 lb.
Charge to blow out the fuze 4 oz.
1 , ft 11 Axis of the
Range at an angle of 1°, charge 10 lbs.,
Range at an angle of 5°, charge 10 lbs.,
919 yards.
1813 «
piece 16 feet
above the
water.
Proof range of powder 300 "
Weight of the shell 50 lbs.
See Tables in Part III.
68
SERVICE OF THE PIECE.
[part 1.
liESSON XIT.
tfervice of a 94-fNir. IlowUxer ntounied on a lUank casen$aie
carriage.
(Plates XV and XVI.)
Three men are necessary; one gunner and two other
cannoneers.
138. The piece is in battery.
The implements, &c., are arranged as follows:
Roller-handspike.
Sponge and Ram-
Harresack
Tube-pouch
Leaning against the scarp wall,
behind no. 2.
Leaning against the scarp wall, be-
hind no. 1, the rammer-head
upon the ground.
Suspended from the knob of the
cascable.
Containing the fingerstall, priming-
wire, friction tubes, and the lan-
yard, wound in St. Andrew's cross
upon its handle. Suspended from
the knob of the cascable.
Tent-corer Covering the vent.
Tompion In the muzzle.
Rroom On the left of the piece.
ART. 1.] 24-PDR. HOW. FLANK CASEMATE. 69
Budge-barrel
Containing cartridges, at the safest
and most convenient place in rear
of the piece.
The rounds of canister are arranged against the scarp
wall, behind no. 2. The shells, if used, are at the
magazine, or other safe position, and are brought, as
required, to the place prescribed for the budge-barrel.
139. The cannoneers having been marched to their
posts, the instructor explains to them the names and
uses of the implements, and the nomenclatures of the
howitzer, its carriage, and the battery.
140. To cause the implements to be distributed, the
instructor commands :
Take implements.
The gunner takes the priming-wire and fingerstall,
wearing the latter on the second finger of the right
hand; gives the tube-pouch to no. 1, and the havresack
to no. 2; takes off the vent-cover and places it against
the scarp wall outside of the canisters; seizes the rol-
ler-handspike with the right hand; and resumes his
post; holding the handspike vertically on the right side,
its lower end in line with the toes, the arm extended
naturally.
No. 1 equips himself with the tube-pouch.
No. 2 equips himself with the havresack, which he
wears from the right shoulder to the left side.
141. The instructor causes the service of the piece
to be executed by the following commands :
1. From battery.
The gunner, embarring in the left mortice, presses
the roller under the rear transom, and seizes the left
handle with the left hand.
70 SERVICE OF THE PIECE. [PART 1.
Nos. 1 and 2 lay hold of the manceuvring rings and
handles.
All being ready, the gunner gives the command
Heave, and the carriage is run to the rear until the
face of the piece is about one yard from the wall, when,
disengaging the roller, he commands Halt. All re-
sume their posts.
2. Load by detail — Load.
142. The gunner places himself at the breech; breaks
to the rear with the right foot; closes the vent with the
second finger of the right hand; and manages the ele-
vating screw with the left.
No. 1, seizing the sponge-stafF at its middle, brings
it across his body; plants the left foot opposite to the
muzzle, close to the carriage, and breaks off with the
right foot; at the same time throwing the sponge-staff
into the left hand, back down, and extending both
hands towards the ends of the staff so as to enter the
rammer-head into the embrazure and bring the sponge
opposite to the muzzle. He then inserts it, and presses
it to the bottom of the chamber with three motions.
No. 2 goes for a cartridge, and returns to his post.
If shells are used, he brings a shell at the same time.
3. Sponge.
143. No. 1, using both hands, sponges the chamber
carefully; withdraws the sponge, pressing it against the
bottom of the bore; turns it over, stepping to his left
for this purpose, and rests the rammer-head against the
right side of the face of the piece.
No. 2 introduces the cartridge, bottom foremost,
seams downwards. No. 1 sets it home by three mo-
tions, with the right hand.
4. Ram.
144. No. 1, drawing out the rammer to the full ex-
tent of his arm, rams once, and throws out the rammer,
ART. 1.] 24-PDR. HOW. FLANK CASEMATE. 71
holding it as before, the rammer-head against the right
side of the face of the piece.
No. 2 introduces the canister or shell, and resumes
his post.
No. 1 sets the canister or shell home with care;
throws out the rammer; replaces it; and resumes his
post.
The gunner, rising upon the left leg, pricks, leaving
the priming wire in the vent, and resumes his post.
5. In battery.
145. All apply themselves to the carriage, as pre-
scribed in no. 141, and ease the piece into battery. As
soon as it touches the hurters, the gunner commands
Halt. All resume their posts.
6. Point.
146. No. 1 makes ready a tube, as prescribed for
no. 3, in no. 25.
No. 2 goes to the rear of the chassis, and, facing to
the front, applies himself to it by hand, in order to
traverse it.
The gunner withdraws the priming-wire, and, having
pointed the piece, gives the word Ready, making a
signal with both hands, at which no. 2 resumes his post;
takes out the roller-handspike; and resumes his post.
No. 1 steps to the vent and inserts the tube, holding
the lanyard slightly stretched with the right hand, the
cord passing between the fingers, back of the hand up,
and breaks to his rear a full pace with the left foot, the
left hand against the thigh.
7. J^UTnher one (or the like) — Fire.
147. No. 1 fires as prescribed for no. 3, in no. 26.
What is prescribed in no. 27 will apply to this piece,
substituting no. 1 for no. 3.
148. To continue the exercise, the instructor resumes
the series of commands beginning with From bat-
tery.
72 SERVICE OF THE PIECE. [PART 1.
Vo cltauge posts,
Vo toad for action*
To cease Uring,
TOo secure piece, and reptace itnpMem,ettts.
TPo ieave the battery.
Executed as in nos. 112, 113, 114, 115 and 116.
Charges, A'c.
149. Charge of powder 2 lbs.
Range at an angle of 0°, charge 2 lbs., shell .... 295 yds.
Range at an angle of 1°, charge 2 lbs., shell .... 516
Range at an angle of 5°, charge 2 lbs., shell .... 1322
Range at an angle of 2°, charge 1^ lbs.,sph'lcase,time2'' 600
Range at an angle of 5° 30', *' " " " 4" 1050
Range at an angle of 3° 30', " 2 lbs., " " 3" 880
Proof range of powder 300
Weight of the 24-pdr. shell 17 lbs.
Weight of the round of canister 21 *•
No. of bullets in a round of canister . • 48
See Tables in Part III.
ZtJtMJtush.2!^Art. Delt.
VM^a^elland So.
USMXusfv. 2^JrtJ)eU
VlPClMund Sc.
r^-
* °*
m- •*:
3-
ART. 1.] 8-INCH COLUMBIAD BARBETTE.
73
I.E880N XV
Service ot an S~i»»ch Colmmhiad ntownted on a Colutnbiad
carriage.
(Plates XVII, XVIII and XIX.)
Five men are necessary; one gunner and four other
cannoneers.
150. The piece is in battery.
The implements, &c., are arranged as follows:
Trnck-haudspikes
IfEanaenTriug-
handspikes
E 1«T ating-bar
Spong^e .
Rammer
Two on each side of the carriage,
laid on the rails, one in rear of
each front truck-wheel, and one
in rear of each rear truck-wheel.
One on each side of the carriage,
laid on the ground in a line with
the cannoneers, opposite to the
traverse wheels, the small ends
towards the parapet.
Laid across the ties at the junc-
tion of the braces, handle to the
left.
One yard behind the cannoneers of
the right, the sponge uppermost,
the sponge and rammer-heads
turned from the parapet, inclined
slightly from the piece, and sup-
ported upon a prop.
74
SERVICE OF THE PIECE.
[part 1.
Harresack
Tube-pouch
Onnner's-pouch
Chocks
Vent-cover
Tompion .
Broom
Budge-barrel .
Suspended from the knob of the
cascable.
Containing friction tubes, and the
lanyard, wound in St. Andrew's
cross upon its handle. Sus-
pended from the knob of the cas-
cable.
Containing the gunner's level,
breech-sight, fingerstall, priming-
wire, gunner's gimlet, vent-
punch, chalk-line, and chalk.
Suspended from the knob of the
cascable.
One on each side of the piece, laid
on the front of the rails.
Covering the vent.
In the muzzle.
Leaning against the parapet, to the
left of the piece.
Containing cartridges, at the safest
and most convenient place in rear
of the piece.
When several columbiads are served together, there
will be only one gunner's level and two vent-punches
to each battery, not exceeding six pieces. To the same
battery there will be one worm and one wrench.
The shells are at the magazine, or other safe position,
and are brought, as required, to the place prescribed
for the budge-barrel.
151. The cannoneers having been marched to their
posts, the instructor explains to them the names and
uses of the implements, and the nomenclatures of the
columbiad, its carriage, and the battery.
ART. 1.] 8-INCH COLUMBIAD — BARBETTE. 75
152. To cause the implements to be distributed, the
instructor commands:
Take implements.
The gunner steps to the knob of the cascable; takes
off the vent-cover, handing it to no. 2 to place against
the parapet, in rear of his post; gives the tube-pouch
to no. 3, and the haversack to no. 4; equips himself
with his own pouch and the fingerstall, wearing the
latter on the second finger of the left hand; takes the
elevating bar, and stepping between the rails, levels the
piece conveniently for loading; applies his level to
verify the line of sight which is marked on the piece,
marking it, if necessary, with the chalk-line, assisted
by no. 2; and resumes his post, holding the elevating-
bar with the right hand.
No. 3 equips himself with the tube -pouch.
No. 4 equips himself with the havresack, which he
wears from the right shoulder to the left side.
Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 take the truck-handspikes with the
hand farthest from the parapet, and carry them to that
side, holding them vertically, the arm extended natu-
rally.
153. The instructor causes the service of the piece to
be executed by the following commands :
1. From battery.
The gunner moves two paces to the right of his post.
Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4, facing from the parapet, place
the wrenches on the ends of the axletrees, the hand-
spikes elevated about 30° to the rear, and at the
word Heave by the gunner, bear down and throw the
wheels into gear; nos. 3 and 4 immediately after lay-
ing their handspikes on the platform in front of their
posts.
Nos. 1 and 2, facing from the parapet, embar in the
most convenient front mortices of the truck-wheels,
76 SERVICE OF THE PIECE. [PART 1.
the hand farthest from the carriage at the top .of the
handspike, the other hand eight inches lower.
Nos. 3 and 4 go to the assistance of nos. 1 and 2,
and, facing towards them, seize the handspikes with
both hands between those of nos. 1 and 2.
Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4, in applying themselves to the
carriage, to run it from or to battery, break to the rear
with the foot nearest to the carriage.
All being ready, the gunner gives the command
Heave.
Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 act together, and bear upon the
handspikes until they are nearly down to the rails,
when the gunner commands Unbar. Nos. 1 and 2 let
go the handspikes with the hand nearest to the carriage,
and chock the wheels. Nos. 3 and 4 withdraw the
handspikes and pass them to nos. 1 and 2, who rein-
sert them in the front mortices.
The gunner again gives the command Heave, and
so on, until the face of the piece is about one yard from
the parapet, when he commands Halt. Nos. 3 and 4
take their posts. Nos. 1 and 2 chock the wheels as
before, unbar, and place the wrench of their hand-
spikes on the ends of the axletree of the front wheels.
At the command Out of gear by the gunner, they
throw the wheels out of gear; lay their handspikes on
the rails between the wheels; and take their posts.
2. Load by detail — Load.
154. Executed as in nos. 103 and 104. The gun-
ner, if necessary, adjusts the piece conveniently for
loading before closing the vent. No. 4 brings up a
shell together with the cartridge.
3. Sponge.
155. Executed as in no. 105.
art. 1.] 8-inch columbiad — barbette. 77
4. Ram.
156. Executed as in no. 106, except that the shell is
set carefully home without being rammed.
5. In battery.
157. Nos. 1 and 2 unchock the wheels, and place
the chocks on the ties.
Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4, facing towards the parapet, apply
the wrenches of their handspikes to the ends of the
axletrees; nos. 1 and 2 so as to throw the front wheels
into gear, and nos. 3 and 4 so as to throw the rear