half block on top of the scaffold. The old limber is
replaced by the new, and the trail raised as before to
permit nos. 3 and 4 to remove the half block and blocks.
Vo citange the Htnber of a loaded utortarmveagou*
Executed as prescribed in no. 359.
360. In this case the leverage of the pole of the
limber may be increased by no. 3 inserting a wheel
chock, or the butt end of his handspike, between the
stock and the rear of the fork of the limber.
U.RMJUiahZf'Art.Velt.
PJi^Cleliand So.
#4^'.
ART.[3.] WITH THE HANDSPIKE. 141
ARTICLE III.
MANCEUVRES WITH THE HANDSPIKE.
liESSON XXIV.
2V» utount a Chtn upon its carriage,
Vo dismount the gun,
Vo tnount a Hotvitzer upon its carriage,
Vo distnount t/te lunvitser.
(Plate XXVI.)
361. The implements necessary are:
1 Short roller.
3 Half rollers.
14 Blocks.
4 Half blocks.
6 Crun chocks.
6 IVheel chocks.
'2 Roller chocks.
9 Skids.
1 Trace-rope.
Vo mount a Gun upon its carriage,
362. The piece is on two blocks, one under the
junction of the chase with the reinforce, the other un-
142 MECHANICAL MANCEUVRES. [PART 2.
der the middle of the reinforce; the carriage, limbered,
cap-squares removed, is in the prolongation of the
axis of the piece, the head of its cheeks two yards
from the knob of the cascable.
363. The instructor commands:
Raise the chase.
No. 2 inserts the butt of his handspike in the bore;
chocks it above; and is assisted by no. 1. No. 6
crosses his handspike under that of no. 2, close to the
muzzle, and is assisted by nos. 5, 9 and 10. No. 8
crosses the handspike of no. 4 under that of no. 2,
eighteen inches farther to the front, and is assisted by
no. 7. All face towards the muzzle. Nos. 3 and 4,
assisted by the gunner and chief of detachment, place
the skids parallel to the axis of the piece, their middle
opposite to the trunnions, and their inner faces one
inch outside of the face of the trunnions. No. 4 stands
ready with a half roller.
Heave.
364. The chase is raised. No. 3 takes out the front
block, and assists no. 4 to place the half-roller under
the junction of the chase with the reinforce, its ends
resting equally upon the skids; they chock the piece on
the half roller.
Lower the chase — Heave.
365. Nos. 6 and 8 cross their handspikes above the
handspike in the bore, and the chase is borne down.
No. 3 takes out the rear block, and assists no. 4 to
place the half roller under the reinforce, about ten or
twelve inches in rear of the trunnions; they chock
the piece upon this half roller.
art. 3.] with the handspike. 143
Raise the chase — Heave.
366. The chase is raised as before. The gunner
and chief of detachment raise the front half roller,
and nos. 3 and 4 place each a half block under its ends
upon the skids.
Lower the chase — Heave.
367. Executed as before. The gunner and chief of
detachment raise the rear half roller, and nos. 3 and 4
place each a block under its ends upon the skids, end
to end with the half blocks.
368. The operation of raising and lowering the chase
is continued until the front scaffold consists on each
side of one half block, three blocks, and one half block,
and the rear scaffold of four blocks. The gunner and
chief of detachment in raising the half rollers move
them outwards, and the blocks are placed from the
inside. On placing the last half blocks the front half
roller is placed under the trunnions.
Back the carriage.
369. The gunner repairs to the pole. Nos. 5 and 6
apply themselves to the fore wheels. Nos. 7, 8, 9 and
10 apply themselves to the rear wheels. All exert
themselves and the carriage is run under the breech.
Nos. 1 and 2 maintain the piece on the front half
roller; nos. 3 and 4 remove the rear scaffold; and the
carriage is run back carefully until the head of the
cheeks touch the remaining half roller. Nos. 3 and 4
chock the hind wheels front and rear. The gunner
places the short roller on the stock under the breech,
and attaches the rope to the knob of the cascable.
Nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10 lay hold of the rope. Nos. 4 and
6 cross their handspikes under that of no. 2, that of no.
6 next the piece, and are assisted by nos. 3 and 5 to
lift and push at the muzzle. The chief of detachment
144 MECHANICAL MAN(EUVRES. [PART 2.
removes the half roller, and the piece is drawn back
to its trunnion holes.
The short roller is then removed as in no. 331 and
following.
Vo dismount tite gun,
370. The instructor causes the short roller to be
placed under the reinforce as in no. 326 and following,
without removing the elevating screw. The gunner
attaches the rope to the knob of the cascable, and
passes its ends to nos. 7 and 8, who take a turn with
them around the manoeuvring bolts.
Place the front scaffold.
371. Nos. 3 and 4 place the skids with their inner
faces one inch outside of the cheeks, their outer ends
opposite to the chase-ring, and upon each skid a half
block, three blocks, and a half block, the inner ends of
the blocks overlapping by two inches the heads of the
cheeks.
Draw out the piece.
372. No. 6 crosses his handspike under that of no. 2,
and is assisted by nos. 5, 9 and 10. They raise the
chase, and no. 4 places a half roller on the scaffold
against the cheeks. The gunner moves the roller
chock so that when the roller touches it the trunnions
will be over the half roller. Nos. 7 and 8 slack off
carefully. By lifting at the muzzle the piece is allowed
to run forward until its trunnions are over the half
roller. Nos. 3 and 4 chock the piece. The gunner
takes off the rope.
Draw out the carriage.
373. Nos. 1 and 2 steady the piece, while nos. 3 and
4 unchock the wheels. The gunner and nos. 5, 6, 7,
A
To mount a Gun ujporv its Carriage .
Fig.l.
Fig. 2.
Tiff. 4.
UJt JaJtusK2fArt. Ve.U
DMXUUand, So.
ART. 3.] WITH THE HANDSPIKE. 145
8, 9 and 10 draw out the carriage. Nos. 3 and 4 build
up the rear scaffold of four blocks on each side, and
place the other half roller on top of it, under the rein-
force.
Then by alternately raising and lowering the chase
at the command of the instructor, the scaffold is low-
ered, beginning with the half blocks, until the piece
rests upon two blocks.
374. Before executing this manoeuvre on the plat-
form under the fire of the enemy, the embrazure
should be closed with sand bags.
Vo mtouni a Bowiizer upon it$ carrUtge,
Vo di»tnount the howitzer.
Executed as for the gun.
13
146 MECHANICAL MANOEUVRES. [PART 2.
liESSON XXV.
Vo mount a Bowitser a» a Held piece*
To dismount the Uowitxer,
375. The implements necessary are:
5 Blocks.
3 Half blocks.
6 TVfacel chocks.
1 Trace-rope.
St Trunnion-loops.
Vo mount a Wowitxer as a Held piece,
376. The carriage, unlimbered, cap-squares removed,
is placed in rear of the howitzer, in prolongation of the
axis of the piece, its front two yards from the knob of
the cascable.
377. The instructor having caused the howitzer to
be raised upon its muzzle, as in no. 284 and following,
commands :
Back the carriage — Raise the trail.
The carriage is run up as in no. 369, until the front
of the w^heels are even with the trunnions. Nos. 3
and 4 chock the wheels front and rear. The gunner
attaches one end of the rope to a manceuvring bolt.
Nos. 1 and 2, 9 and 10, 7 and 8, and 5 and 6 apply
themselves by hand to the stock, in the order named,
from the trail towards the wheels. The gunner,
ART. 3.] WITH THE HANDSPIKE. 147
taking the handspike of no. 4, goes to the end of the
trail, rests its small end upon the ground, and supports
the trail on its butt. In proportion as the trail is raised
he moves forward, keeping his handspike so as to sup-
port the stock at any moment; the butt of his hand-
spike finally resting under the nut of the rear bolt of
the elevating box. Nos. 5 and 6 remain with the gun-
ner. Nos. 1, 2, 9, 10, 7 and 8 gradually withdraw
from the stock; nos. 1 and 2 to the assistance of nos.
5 and 6, and nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10 to the rope. Nos. 3
and 4 place the front chocks twelve inches farther to
the front; carefully run up the carriage, receiving the
trunnions in the trunnion holes; put on the cap-squares;
and chock.
Lower the trail.
378. No. 4 takes the handspike of no. 2, and, with
no. 3, pushes against the stock in front. Nos. 1, 2, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 haul upon the rope. The gunner
retires to the end of the trail, and receives it upon the
butt of his handspike. The men in succession care-
fully quit the rope, and apply themselves to the stock.
No. 4, when the preponderance passes to the trail, in-
serts his handspike in the bore, and, assisted by no. 3,
bears down. The gunner puts in the quoin.
Vo disinount the htncitxer*
379. The instructor commands:
Dismount the howitzer.
Nos. 3 and 4 chock the wheels front and rear; take
off the cap-squares; and place two blocks to receive
the muzzle. The gunner attaches the rope to one of
the manoeuvring bolts, and then takes the handspike of
no. 4 to support the trail.
148 mechanical manoeuvres. [part 2.
Raise the trail.
380. The trail is raised as in no. 377, and when a
little above the horizontal the gunner supports it on his
handspike. Nos. 1, 2, 9, 10, 7, 8, 5 and 6 succes-
sively repair to the rope; they hold on well and ease
the muzzle upon the blocks without a shock. The gun-
ner, following up the movement, places the butt of his
handspike under the rear nut of the elevating box.
Nos. 1 and 2 go to the assistance of nos. 3 and 4. Nos.
5 and 6 go to the stock and assist the gunner. Nos. 3
and 4 draw back the rear chocks twelve inches; run
the carriage carefully back that distance; and chock.
Lower the trail.
381. All but nos. 3 and 4 go to the stock, and assist
the gunner to lower it. He gradually retires to the
end of the trail, when he withdraws his handspike, and
the trail is lowered to the ground.
ART. 3.] WITH THE HANDSPIKE. 1^
liESSON XXVI.
Vo mount a Siege Jflortar upon its bed,
Vo digutouni the ntortar.
382. The implements necessary are:
1 Trace-rope.
1 Hainmer-^vrench.
Vo ntount a Siege JViortar irpon it» bed,
383. The mortar being placed upon its muzzle six
inches in front of the bed, vent outwards, as in no. 295
and following, the instructor commands:
Mount the mortar.
The gunner removes the bolts and cap-squares, and
hands their parts to nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4, who place them
on the ground near the butts of their handspikes; makes
a double hitch with the middle part of the rope around
the mortar close to the muzzle-band, the tie to the
front, and passes the ends up over the trunnions to the
rear, to nos. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. Nos. 1 and 2 run
their handspikes under the trunnions, and rest the butt
ends, beveled sides up, upon the ground or platform.
Heave and haul.
384. Nos. 1 and 2 acting at the trunnions, and nos.
5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 with a steady pull on the rope,
cant the mortar against the front of the bolster. Nos.
. 13*
150 MECHANICAL MANCEUVRES. [PART 2.
1 and 2 shift the butts of their handspikes to- the top
of the bolster, indining the small ends a little out-
wards. Nos. 3 and 4, facing to the front, insert their
handspikes between the front of the cheeks and mor-
tar, in order to press its muzzle outwards and upwards.
Heave and haul.
385. All act steadily together; nos. 1 and 2 lifting at
the trunnions, and nos. 3 and 4 at the muzzle. As
soon as the muzzle is sufficiently elevated to permit it,
no. 4 passes quickly to the front and inserts his hand-
spike in the bore. The men continuing to haul upon
the rope, the muzzle is raised and the trunnions descend
to their places. Nos. 1 and 2 then insert their hand-
spikes in the bore, and the gunner slips the rope from
the muzzle to their small ends. The men at the rope
haul upon it until the mortar is nearly vertical. Nos.
1, 2, 3 and 4 bring forward the bolts and cap-squares,
and assist the gunner to place them. This done, the
men ease away upon the rope, and allow the mortar to
rest upon the bolster.
Vo diatnount the anortar.
386. The instructor commands:
Dismount the mortar.
Nos. 1 and 2 place their handspikes in the bore.
The gunner making a double hitch with the middle of
the rope around their small ends, passes its ends to nos.
5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10.
Heave and haul.
387. The mortar is raised nearly vertical, and while
maintained in this position by the rope, the gunner and
nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 remove the bolts and cap-squares, as
in no. 383.
I
ART. 3.] WITH THE HANDSPIKE. 151
Nos. 3 and 4, facing to the front, embar under the
breech of the mortar in order to hold it in its vertical
position. Nos. 1 and 2 take their handspikes from the
bore. The gunner places the middle of the rope
around the front part of the mortar close under the
muzzle-band.
Heave and haul.
388. A smart pull upon the rope, aided by a heave
at the handspikes, pitches the mortar to the rear, where
it alights upon the muzzle. The cap-squares are then
replaced.
Id2;t MECHANICAL MANCEUVRES. [PART 2.
liESSON XX Til.
Vo ntount a Siege JfKortar upon the tnortavwagon.
Vo dismount the tnortar.
( Plates XXVII, XXVIIl and XXIX. )
389. The implements necessary are :
^ Ijong; rollers.
1 Block.
5 Half blocks.
2 Quarter blocks.
6 Wheel chocks.
4 Roller chocks.
1 Trace-rope.
3 Windlass handspikes. Attached to the wagon.
av» ntount a Siege Jflortar upon the utortar'wagon,
390. The mortar is upon its bed, which is upon the
ground; the trail of the mortar wagon, its stakes and
bolster removed, is two yards in rear of the middle
transom.
391. The instructor having caused a long roller to
be placed under the bed, as in no. 304 and following,
commands :
Run up the wagon — Heave.
Nos. 5 and 6 embar under the stock, and, assisted by
nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10, run up the wagon until the middle
ART. 3.] WITH THE HANDSPIKE. W3
of the trail touches the middle of the long roller. Nos,
3 and 4 chock the wheels front and rear. No. 4 stands
ready with a long roller.
Rig THE WINDLASS — Heave.
392. Nos. 1 and 2 go to the rear of the wagon and
attach the middle of the rope to the windlass; they are
assisted by nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10. The gunner attaches
the rope to the rear manceuvring bolts. Nos. 5 and 6
embar under the front manceuvring bolts.
Nos. 1, 2, 7 and 8 heave upon the windlass, and nos.
9 and 10 press against the rope with the handspikes of
nos. 1 and 2 to prevent its turns spreading too much
upon the roller. Nos. 5 and 6 urge the mortar up until
it is ascending the stock; they then place the butt ends
of their handspikes upon the stock, beveled sides down,
just below the lower roller, and follow up the move-
ment. Nos. 3 and 4, aided by nos. 5 and 6 with their
handspikes, shift the rollers, and chock them whenever
necessary.
When the rear ends of the cheeks have arrived upon
the body of the wagon, the lower roller, on becoming
disengaged, is taken away by no. 4, and the mortar is
drawn up on one roller, until the rear ends of the
cheeks touch the rear cross-bar plate; nos. 9 and 10
holding their handspikes under the rear manoeuvring
bolts in order to ease the bed when it cants to the rear.
Nos. 3 and 4 chock the roller front and rear. Nos. 1
and 2 chock the windlass by allowing the handspike in
the upper mortice to rest against the mortar.
Limber up.
393. Executed as in no. 312 and following; nos. 1,
2, 7 and 8 bearing down upon the handspikes of nos. 1
and 2, inserted between the windlass and the rear
crossbar, being careful to diminish their efforts in pro-
portion as the stock is raised.
154 MECHANICAL MANffiUVRES. [PART 2.
Stow the mortar.
394. Nos. 1 and 2 cast oiFthe rope from the windlass.
Nos. 7 and 8 take it to the front, being assisted to haul
upon it by nos. 9 and 10. Nos. 1 and 2 embar under
the rear manoeuvring bolts. Nos. 3 and 4 take the
chocks from the roller. Nos. 5 and 6 stand ready with
their handspikes to ease the bed when it cants to the
front.
Heave and haul.
395. The mortar is drawn forward until it cants.
Nos. 3 and 4 give each a half block and wheel chock
to the gunner, who places them as fulcrums on the rear
of the wagon. Nos. 1, 2, 7 and 8 by repeated pur-
chases lower the bed upon the wagon.
396. If the mortar is to travel, the bed is firmly
chocked. The blocks, rollers, handspikes, &c., are
stowed on the wagon, and well lashed to their places.
Remarks.
397. Should the mortar take a diagonal direction
upon the stock, it can be gradually righted by giving a
counter diagonal direction to one of the rollers.
When the lower roller reaches the nuts of the lunette
plate, it is relieved by shifting the upper roller. Nos.
3 and 4 are assisted in this operation by nos. 5 and 6,
who embar under the rear of the cheeks.
Vo diMMtouut ihe ntortar,
398. The instructor commands:
Place a long roller — Heave.
Nos. 3 and 4 furnish the gunner with two half blocks
and 2 wheel chocks, which he adjusts as fulcrums on
ART. 3.] WITH THE HANDSPIKE. 155
the rear of the wagon; they then chock the wheels
front and rear, and stand ready to place a long roller
brought up by no. 4.
Nos. 1, 2, 7 and 8 raise the bed, and the roller is run
under it until its vertical diameter is in a line with the
vertical diameter of the trunnions.
Rig the windlass — Heave.
399. Nos. 1 and 2, assisted by nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10,
wind the rope upon the roller of the windlass, and the
gunner attaches its ends by an anchor-knot to the rear
manoeuvring bolts.
The mortar is drawn to the rear until the cheeks
touch the rear cross-bar plate. Nos. 7 and 8 embar
with the handspikes of nos. 1 and 2 under the rear
manoeuvring bolts to ease the bed when it cants to the
rear. Nos. 3 and 4 chock the roller front and rear.
Nos. 1 and 2 secure the windlass by allowing the hand-
spike of the upper mortice to rest against the mortar.
Unlimber.
400. Executed as in no. 314 and following. The
stock is carefully raised to free it from the pintle, and
then lowered without a shock to the ground. Nos. 1
and 2 insert their handspikes between the windlass and
the rear of the wagon, and are assisted by nos. 7 and
8 to bear down upon them. Nos. 3 and 4 place the
half blocks and quarter blocks at the end of the stock
to receive the lower roller, and then unchock the roller.
Ease away.
401. Nos. 1 and 2 allow the rope to unwind. Nos.
5 and 6 place their handspikes as in mounting the mor-
tar. Nos. 3 and 4 shift the rollers until the mortar
finally rests on one roller upon the half blocks.
156 mechanical manfeuvres. [part 2.
Back the wagon.
402. Nos. 3 and 4 unchock the wheels. Nos. 1 and
2 and the gunner take off the rope. The wagon is run
back as in no. 391.
The long roller is then removed as in Lesson XX.
The gunner replaces the bolster.
LtJCSJlM^K. 2 fArtDeU
UJieaeiULTLd, Sc.
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t
f^ ^ '^5 '^ ^ ^
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Tl -hP^rj^llnnA Vr-
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«.t*.'j-*i'j,«s
To rrwuni cuSiege Mortar upon th&MoTtcvr Wag oil.
Fig. 1.
Knot for MaiUEiLy ring bait.
sh..2f-Art.Meit.
DMfCUUcaui Sc.
cb.
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ART. 3.] WITH THE HANDSPIKE. 157
T.ESSON XXVIII.
To mouni a Cht» upon the mortar'teagon.
To dUntount the guM,
To iMOUHt a MMowitser upon the »Mortar-M?agom,
To di$mouHt the howitxer.
( Plates XXX and XXXI. )
403. The implements necessary are :
It
3 liong rollers.
1 Short roller.
1 Half roller.
lO Blocks.
3 Half blocks.
4 Oon chocks.
6 IVheel chocks.
4 Roller chocks.
3 Skids.
1 Trace-rope,
'H Windlass handspikes. Attached to the wagon.
To tnount a Chtn upon the n$ortarteagOH»
404. The piece is on two blocks, one under the front
of the trunnions, the other about a foot in rear of the
rimbases; the wagon, unlimbered, its stakes removed,
is in the prolongation of the axis of the piece, its trail
on the ground about two yards from the knob of the
cascable.
14
158 MECHANICAL MANCEUVRES. [PART 2.
405. The instructor commands :
Raise the chase — Heave.
No. 2 inserts the butt of his handspike in the bore,
and is assisted by no. 1. No. 6 crosses his handspike
under that of no. 2, near the muzzle, and is assisted
by nos. 5, 9 and 10. No. 8 crosses the handspike of
no. 4 under that of no. 2, eighteen inches from the
muzzle, and is assisted by no. 7. Nos. 3 and 4 place
the skids parallel to the axis of the piece, their middle
opposite to the trunnions.
The chase is raised. No. 3 removes the front block,
and assists no. 4 to place a long roller under the rein-
force, just in front of the trunnions; they chock it front
and rear.
Lower the chase — Heave.
406. The men at the handspikes bear down the
chase. No. 3 removes the rear block, and assists no.
4 to place the long roller under the reinforce, about five
inches in rear of the trunnions; they chock it in rear.
Raise the chase — Heave.
407. The men at the handspikes raise the chase.
No. 4 removes the front roller, and the muzzle is
lowered to the ground.
Run up the wagon — Heave.
408. The wagon is run forward, as in no. 391, the
stock under the breech, until the breech » rests upon a
long roller placed by nos. 4 and 3 on the stock in rear
of the lunette-plate bolts. Nos. 3 and 4 chock the
wheels front and rear.
I
art. 3. i with the handspike. 159
Rig the windlass — Heave.
409. Nos. 1 and 2 go to the rear of the wagon and
attach the middle of the rope to the windlass. The
gunner passes its ends over and under the trunnions,
the standing part innermost, and ties them by a right-
knot on the top of the piece; he then forms a loop of
the ends of the rope, inserting in it the handspike of
no. 4, in order to steady the piece, and places the short
roller on the ground under the chase.
Nos. 1, 2, 7 and 8 heave upon the windlass, and nos.
9 and 10 press against the rope with the handspikes of
nos. 1 and 2 to prevent its turns spreading too much
upon the roller. Nos. 3 and 4 attend to the long roller.
Nos. 5 and 6 follow the upper roller with the butts of
their handspikes ready to chock it.
The lower roller, on becoming disengaged, is removed
by no. 4. When the breech is drawn against the
breech hurter, the windlass is secured by allowing the
handspike in the upper mortice to rest against the knob
of the cascable. Nos. 3 and 4 chock the roller front
and rear.
Raise the stock on four blocks and a half
BLOCK — Heave.
410. Nos. 3 and 4, assisted by nos. 5 and 6, remove
the skids, and form a scaffold of a block and a half
block on each side in front of the muzzle, their inner
ends even with the stock, and place upon it a half rol-
ler to serve as a fulcrum. Nos. 1 and 2 embar upon
this half roller under the swell of the muzzle, inclining
the small ends of their handspikes outwards, and are
assisted by nos. 7 and 9, and 8 and 10 respectively,
nos. 7 and 8 on the outside of the handspikes. Nos. 5
and 6 bear down upon the end of the stock with the
butts of their handspikes.
The muzzle is raised. Nos. 3 and 4 remove the long
roller. Nos. 5 and 6 embar under the trail perpen-
dicularly to the stock, in order to assist the men at the
160 MECHANICAL MANCEUVRES. [PART 2.
muzzle. Nos. 3 and 4 place a scaffold of two blocks
and a half block under and perpendicular to tHe stock,
near the front cross-piece.
The men at the handspikes then take another pur-
chase under the end of the stock, assisted, as before,
by nos. 5 and 6, while nos. 3 and 4 move forward the
rear scaffold until it rests just behind the manoeuvring
staples.
By gradually raising the front scaffold, and repeating
the purchases, the stock is raised until the rear scaffold
consists of four blocks and a half block.
Run up the limber.
411. Nos. 3 and 4 remove the front scaffold. The
gunner and nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10 back the limber, and
raise the pole. Nos. 3 and 4 guide the pintle into the
lunette. No. 6 inserts the butt of his handspike be-
tween the fork and the stock in rear of the pintle.
Nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10 bear down the pole. Nos. 3 and 4
remove the rear scaffold. No. 3 hooks the lashing-
chain.
To YOUR POSTS.
412. Nos. 1 and 2 and the gunner cast off the rope.
Nos. 3 and 4 unchock the wheels, and put in the stakes.
The implements are replaced, and all resume their posts.
Vo Mtmount the gun,
413. The instructor commands:
Rig the windlass.
Nos. 3 and 4 remove the stakes. Nos. 1 and 2
attach the rope by its middle to the windlass, and take