As regards the question of molecular heats, the chief point of in-
terest lies in the departure from the principle of equipartition at low
temperatures, and here the precessional vibrations of the molecules with
a certain gyroscopic moment of inertia possess the character of vibra-
tions with constant period.
SUBJECT INDEX.
AFFINITY of a chemical process, 145 seq.
Aluminium, atomic heat of, 66, 70, 74.
Ammonia (gas), infra-red bands of, 85.
Atomic heat. See Heat.
Atomic-number, 121.
and infra-red frequency, 122.
Atom-model of Rutherford, 96 seq.
Avogadro constant, 46.
BOHR'S application of the quantum theory
to atomic structure, 97 seq., 193 seq.
Broadening of absorption bands, 81, 82,
199.
CARBON dioxide, infra-red bands of, 83.
molecular heat of, 83.
monoxide, molecular heat of, 82, 197.
Chemical constant of a gas, 95, 192.
Coagulation of colloids, application of
probability to the, 6 seq.
"Complex on," 13.
Copper, atomic heat of, 63, 66, 70.
Critical energy of a molecule, 140.
increment of a molecule, 140 seq.,
154 seq.
DEGREE of freedom. See Freedom.
Diamond, atomic heat of, 53, 67, 74.
Distribution law, Maxwell's, i, 8 seq.,
also Appendix I.
of energy between wave-lengths, 31
seq. See also Radiation formula.
Dulong and Petit's law, 30, 53, 187.
ELECTRON, angular momentum of an,
102.
charge on, 46.
emission of radiation from an, 97.
Electronic orbits in an atom, 97 seq.
Eqergy-density of radiation, 38.
of an oscillator, residual, 49.
Entropy and thermodynamic probability,
10 seq.
Equations of Einstein, Nernst-Linde-
mann, and Debye. See under Heat,
atomic.
Equipartition of kinetic energy, principle
of the, 4, 18 seq., 25, 30, 31 seq., also
Appendix I.
Error, law of, 7 seq.
FREEDOM, degree of, 18, 159 seq.
number of degrees of, in a gas mole-
cule, 24, 29.
solid, 25.
Fusion, molecular heats of, 79.
GAS constant per molecule, 45 seq.
Gyroscopic molecules, Appendix III.
HEAT of a gas, molecular, 26 seq., Chap.
IV. (p. 80).
reaction ; Haber's relation, 154
seq.
solid, atomic, 29 seq.
; application of the quan
turn theory to its cal-
culation, Chap. III.,
p. 50.
; equation of Debye, 70
seq., 187 seq.
; of Einstein, 52, 187.
; ofNernstandLinde-
mann, 64 seq., 187.
solids, at high temperature, atomic,
69 seq.
experimental measurement of
specific, 54 seq.
molecular, 76 seq., 189 seq.
theorem of Nernst, 95, Chap. VII.,
190 seq.
Helium atom, Bohr's theory of the struc-
ture of the, 109 seq.
High-frequency spectra. See Spectra.
Hydrogen atom, Bohr's theory of the
structure of the, 98 seq., 107, 108
seq.
chloride, infra-red absorption spectrum
of, 89, 117.
molecular heat of, 81 seq., 92 seq., 94.
molecule, Bohr's theory of the struc-
ture of the, 115 seq.
dissociation of the,
Kruger's theory of " precessional
vibration " of the, 195 seq.
ICE, molecular heat of, 78.
" Ideal gaseous state, degradation of the,
94 seq.
205
206
A SYSTEM OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Infra-red absorption bands to ultra-violet
bands, relation of, go, 116, 133.
radiation and reaction velocity. See
Thermal reactions.
the law of mass action, 150
seg.
lonisation potential, 99, 127 seq., 130.
Iron, atomic heat of, 70.
LEAD, atomic heat of, 67.
Limiting frequency of the spectrum, 128.
Line spectra of hydrogen, 99 seq.
Lithium atom, Bohr's theory of the, no.
MAGNETON and structure of the atom,
118 seq.
Mass action and probability, law of, 5.
Maxwell's law. See Distribution law.
Mechanics, statistical. See Statistical.
" Melting-point " formula of Lindemann,
58 seq.
Mercurous chloride, molecular heat of,
78.
Molecular heat. See Heat.
velocities and temperature, 10.
Moseley's relation, 120.
NICKEL, atomic heat of, 70.
Nitrogen, molecular heat of, 82, 197.
" Nucleus " of an atom, 96 seq.
Number of molecules in one gram-mole-
cule. See Avogadro constant.
OSCILLATOR. See Resonator.
Oxygen, infra-red bands of, 82.
molecular heat of, 82.
PHOTOCHEMICAL equivalent, Einstein's
law of the, 134 seq.
reactions, 134 seq.
Photo-electric effect; Einstein's expres-
sion, 102, 126, 182.
" selective," 131 seq.
the " normal," 123 seq., 182.
Planck's constant, " h," 36 seq., 102.
numerical value of, 44, 45.
later quantum hypothesis, 48 seq., 184.
Potassium bromide, (half)-molecular heat
of, 69.
chloride, (half)-molecular heat of, 64,
68, 77.
" Precessional vibration," 23, 91 seq.,
also Appendix III.
Probability, 4 seq.
thermodynamic, 10 seq.
QUANTUM in different spectral regions
size of, 47.
theory, Chap. II., p. 35. also Ap-
pendix II.
Quantum theory and atomic heat of
solids, Chap. III. (p. 50).
structure, 97 seq.
chemical affinity, 145 seq.
heat of reaction (Haber's rela-
tion), 154 seq.
theorem of Nernst, Chap.
VII.
molecular heat of gases, Chap.
IV., also Appendix III.
optical absorption, 90, 116,
133-
photochemical reactions, 134
seq.
the photo-electric effect, 126
seq.
thermal reactions, 138 seq.
RADIATION and classical statistical me-
chanics, 31 seq.
Bohr's theory of the mechanism of
absorption and emission of, 97 seq.
formula of Planck, 39 seq., 41 seq.,
178, 181.
Rayleigh and of Jeans, 33,- 46,
176.
Residual rays (Reststrahlen), 56 seq.
Resonance potential, 129 seq.
Resonator, average energy of a, 38 seq.,
45, 48, 177 seq., 181.
Resonators, 35.
Rotation compounded with vibration in a
molecule, 81, 82, 199.
, energy of, 18, 21 seq., So seq., 194.
Rydberg constant, Bohr's calculation of
the, 100.
SCATTERING of o and ft particles, 96. '
Selective photo-electric effect. See Photo-
electric effect.
Silver, atomic heat of, 67, 70, 74.
chloride, molecular heat of, 78.
Sodium chloride, (half)-molecular heat of,
68, 77.
Spectra of the elements, high-frequency,
120 seq.
Spectrum, limiting frequency in the, 128.
Standard state, n seq.
Statistical mechanics, i seq.
Stefan's law, 39, 43.
Sulphur dioxide (gas), infra-red and ultra-
violet absorption bands of, 90.
molecular heat of, 83.
THERMAL reactions, application of the
quantum theory to. 138 seq., 171.
Thermodynamic probability. See Prob-
ability, thermodynamic.
Threshold-frequency (photo-electric effect),
124.
Tin, atomic heat of, 70.
SUBJECT INDEX
207
Transformation, heat of, 79.
Translation, kinetic energy of, 9, 18.
VAPORISATION, heat of, 79.
Vibration, energy of, 18 seq., 25, 80 seq.
frequency (infra-red), periodicity of,
61 seq.
maximum (equation of Debye),
75 seq.
in the ultra-violet, characteristic,
60, 132.
Vibration- frequency of a solid, methods
of determining the infra-red
characteristic, 56 seq.
elements, 58, 59, 60 seq.
salts, 57.
WATER-VAPOUR, infra-red, absorption
spectrum of, 84, 85 seq., 88, 200 seq.
molecular heat of, 84.
Work of binding an electron, 98 seq.
X-RAY spectra. See Spectra, high-fre-
quency.
AUTHOR INDEX.
ABEQG, 119.
Allen, 75, 122.
Arrhenius, 140, 143.
Aschkinass, 56, 88.
Avogadro, 18, 46.
VON BAHR, Eva, 86-90, 199, 200, 204.
Balmer, 45, 97, 100, 101.
Baly, 90, 129, 133, 134, 137, 138, 140,
157.
Barnett, 193.
Bazzoni, 128.
Beckmann, 56, 173.
Berthelot, D., 93.
Berthelot, M., 147.
Biltz, 6.1, 62, 122.
Bjerrum, 24, 80, 81, 83, 84, 85, 87-92,
194, 199, 200, 201.
Bodenstein, 134, 136, 137.
Bodlander, 119.
Bohr, 21, 45, 91, 96-102, 104, 105, 108-
117, 119, 121, 122, 128, 186, 193,
196-198.
Boltzmann, 3, n, 13, 16, 18, 31, 172,
191.
Born, 190.
Bragg, 76, 121.
van den Broek, 121.
Burmeister, 89, 199.
CAMPBELL, N., 181.
Clapeyron, 95.
Coblentz, 41, 90.
Compton, 124.
Crowther, 96.
DALTON, 167.
Debye, 50, 64, 69-73, 75*78, 187, 189,
190, 194.
Dixon, 127, 128.
Dulong, 30, 53, 58, 71, 72, 73, 187.
EDWARDS, 130.
Einstein, 30, 31, 35, 47-54, 56-59, 63, 64,
69-71, 76-78, 81, 94, 102, 123, 126,
133-138, 143-145, 147, 156, 178, 183,
185, 186, 189, 190, 193, 200, 202.
Elster, 131.
Eucken, 54, 79, 87, 88, 90, 92-94, 196,
197.
FISCHER, U., 147, 148, 149.
Foote, 128, 129.
Fourier, 71.
Fowler, 101.
Franck, no, 126.
GARRETT, C. S., go.
Geiger, 96, 121.
Geitel, 131.
Gibbs, 17, 145, 147.
Goucher, 130.
Griffiths, 122.
Gruneisen, 58, 65.
Guldberg, 141.
DE HAAS, 193.
Haber, 60, 116, 133, 154, 155.
Hallwachs, 123.
Hamilton, 2.
Helmholtz, 145, 147.
Henri, 138.
Hertz, G., 126.
Hertz, H., 185.
Hettner, 200, 201.
Heuse, 197.
van't Hoff, 154.
Hollnagel, 56, 57.
Hughes, 124, 127-129, 131.
JEANS, 18, 32, 33, 37, 46, 49, 71, 173, 174,
176-178, 181, 183, 184, 187, 188, 191.
KARMAN, 190.
Keesom, 122.
Kirchhoff, 102, 172, 173, 175.
Konigsberger, 70.
Koref, 54.
Kossel, 198.
Kruger, 23, 80, 85, 91, 92, 150-154, 193,
194-198, 200-204.
Kunz, 130.
Kurlbaum, 41, 43, 56.
LADENBURG, 124, 126.
Lagrange, 2.
Landsberg, 134.
Langmuir, 119.
Lenard, 124, 126.
Levy, 28.
Lewis, G. N., 30, 65.
208
AUTHOR INDEX
209
Lewis, W. C. McC., 142.
Lindemann, 39, 50, 54, 58-61, 63-66, 6g-
73, 75, 76, 78, 81, 132, 133, 146, 147,
187, 189, 190.
Linder, 6, 7.
Lorentz, 193.
Lo water, Miss, 90.
Lummer, 35, 37, 41, 42, 44, 173.
Luther, 134.
Lyman, 100.
MCLENNAN, 130.
Magnus, 65, 146, 150.
Marcelin, 139, 140, 143, 171.
Marsden, 96.
Maxwell, i, 3, 8-10, 18, 26, 161-163, 173,
177, 179, 190, 191, 193.
Mellor, 7.
Mendileef, 62.
Meyer, Lothar, 62.
Meyer, O. E., 8, 29, 166.
Michelson, 48.
Millikan, 44-46, 122, 131, 132.
Moseley, 120, 121.
NAZAROV, 134.
Nernst, 17, 28, 30, 50, 51, 53, 54, 56, 59,
63-66, 68-73, 75-7 8 81, 94, 95, 122,
144-147, 149, 151, 187, 189, 190, 192,
197.
Newton, i.
Nichols, 56.
Nicholson, 102, 105, 193.
VON OHLENDORFF, 147.
Onnes, 122.
PARSON, A. L., 118-120.
Paschen, 41, 42, 87, 100, 204.
Perrin, 18, 46.
Petit, 30, 53, 58, 71, 72, 73, 187.
Pickering, 101.
Picton, 6, 7.
Pier, 26, 28.
Planck, Max, u, 17, 31, 34-37, 39-46, 48,
49, 5 1 , 7i 97, 98, 99, 102, 126, 127,
136, 140-145, 170, 177-186, 190, 191,
192, 194.
Poinsot, 23, 201.
Pollitzer, 147.
Pringsheim, 36, 37, 41, 42, 44, 173.
RAMSAY, Sir William, 62.
Rayleigh, Lord, 33, 36, 46, 49, 82, 86,
173, 174, 176-178, 181, 183, 184, 187,
188, 191, 199, 200.
Rice, F. O., 140.
Rice, J., 3, 139, 140, 143, 158, 171, 172.
Richardson, O. W., 124, 128, 193.
Righi, 123.
Rubens, 41, 47, 56, 57, 64, 68, 87, 88, 90,
173, 190, 198, 2OO, 2OI.
Rutherford, 21, 91, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101,
119, 120, 121, 193.
Rydberg, 44, 100, 194.
SACKUR, 87, 95, 145.
Scheel, 197.
Scheffer, 156.
Schultze, 6.
Schumann, 47.
Sommerfeld, 194.
Souder, 132.
Stark, 43, 49, 194.
Stefan, 39, 42, 43, 72, 172.
Stern, 49, 202.
Stewart, Balfour, 172, 173.
Stokes, 157.
TATE, 128, 129.
Tetrode, 95.
Thirring, 190.
Thomsen, 147, 149.
Thomson, Sir J. J., 2, 35, 116, 119, 124-
127, 151, 182, 183.
Tolman, 18.
VOLMER, 134.
WAAGE, 141.
Walden, 153.
Wanner, 42.
Warburg, 137, 194.
von Wartenberg, 57, 90, 148, 198.
Webster, 45, 120.
Weiss, 118.
Whetham, 6, 7.
Whiddington, 120, 121.
Wiedmann, 131, 132.
Wien, 39, 42, 47, 136, 138, 142, 143, 173,
177.
Wurmser, 138.
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