Other micro-organisms which may sometimes be concerned in the
production of septicaemia are the pneurnococcus, 509, and colon ba-
cillus. Septicaemia in cattle, deer, swine, rabbits, and fowls is due
to infection by the bacillus of fowl-cholera or rabbit septicaemia
specifically, but various other bacteria produce septicaemia also in
rabbits, mice, swine, and fowls.
Stomatitis. Schimmelbusch, Lingard, Foote and others have
described bacilli obtained by them from the necrotic tissues in cases
of noma, but the etiology of the disease is by no means established.
Syphilis. The bacillus of Lustgarten, 309, is accepted by some
to be probably the specific cause of the disease, but this is far from
proven.
INDEX OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 683
Tetanus. Due to infection by the tetanus bacillus, 388.
Texas Fever in Cattle. Due to infection by a blood parasite
belonging to the protozoa, described by Smith under the name of
pyrosoma bigeminum.
Tonsillitis. (See Angina. )
Trachoma. Various micmcocci have been found in trachoma
by different investigators and claimed by them to cause the affection,
According to Fuchs and Hoor, trachoma is frequently, if not always,
due to infection by the gonococcus
Tuberculosis. All forms of tubercular infection in man and
animals are due to the bacillus tuberculosis. The bacillus which
causes tuberculosis in cattle, 299, and the one which produces it in
fowls, 300, though closely resembling the tubercle bacillus in man,
possess some slight differences.
Typhoid Fever. Due to infection by bacillus typhi abdomi-
nalis, 402.
Typhus Fever. The specific causative agent of this, under
certain circumstances, extremely infectious disease has not yet been
determined.
Varicella. No micro-organism has been demonstrated to bear
any relation to the etiology of this affection.
Variola and Vaccinia. Probably due to protozoa, 651. The
common pus cocci and various other micro-organisms are found in
the characteristic pustular eruption ; their presence is due to sec-
ondary infection of the pustules, and has nothing to do with the
cause of the disease, 657
Whooping-cough. Considered by Koplik and others to be due
to a small bacillus found in the nasal and bronchial secretions in
cases of the disease, 613.
Wool-sorter's Disease. Due to anthrax bacillus.
Yellow Fever. Sanarelli ( 1 897 ) discovered a small bacillus, 609,
in the blood and tissues of yellow fever cadavers, which he named
"bacillus icteroides," and claimed to be the specific cause of yellow
fever, 609.
GENERAL INDEX.
CHORIONSchoenleinii (favus | Antitoxins, effect of, how pro-
fungus), 622
Acids, effect of, on bacteria, 158
formation of, from alcohol,
etc., 83
from carbohydrates, 80
Aerobic bacteria, 141
Agar, nutrient, 215
characteristic of, 225
Air, bacteriological examination
of, 252
Alexines, 120
Amoeba coli, 640
dysenterise, 640
Amoebae, occurrence of, in man,
643
Anaerobic bacteria, 141
culture methods for, 233
Aniline dyes, 166
water solution of fuchsin or
gentian violet, 202
Animals, use of, for diagnostic
and test purposes, 236
Anthrax bacillus, 547
biological characters, 551
growth in media, 552
identification of, 562
infection, how caused, 559
morphology of, 548
occurrence in cattle and
sheep, 556
in man, 557
pathogenesis, 554
spore formation, 550
infection, prophylaxis against,
561
Antiseptic action, 151
Antitoxins, absorption of, taken
by the mouth, 115
duced, 363
elimination of, by the body, 113
nature of, 362
results of, in treatment of diph-
theria, 358
stability of, in the serum, 113
varieties of bacteria producing,
in the body, 113
Apparatus, sterilization of, 222
Arnold steam sterilizer, 213
Arthrospores, 46
Attenuation, 151
Autoclave, 214
Auto-infection. 131
BACILLI, general characters of,
38
Bacillus aerogenes capsulatus, 545
anthracis, 547
symptomatici, 563
biology, 564
morphology, 563
pathogenesis, 564
coli communis, 444
of Friedlander, 458
icteroides (yellow fever), 609
of malignant oedema, 543
mallei (of glanders), 598
pestis bubonicae (plague), 606
proteus vulgaris, 539
biological characters, 540
morphology, 539
pathogenesis, 541
pyocyaneus, 535
biology, 535
morphology, 535
pathogenesis, 536
686
GENERAL INDEX.
Bacillus of tuberculosis, 263
typhosus, 402
of whooping-cough, 613
Bacteria, adaptation to soil of, 91
attenuation of, 262
chemical composition of, 50
effects of, 60
classification of, 257
definition of, 34
elimination of, from the body,
115
entrance of, into the blood, 116
general characteristics of, 33
influence of, one species on an-
other, 56, 137
invasion of, in tissues after
death, 198
involution, forms of, 49
manner in which they produce
disease, 92
morphological forms of, 35, 40
motility of, 58
nutritive substances required
for growth of, 52
parasitic, 34, 89
pathogenic, presence of, on
healthy skin, 130
of, in respiratory tract, 130
presence of, in intestines, 131
production of light by, 59
products of, general symptoms
caused by poisons ab-
sorbed, 93
local effects, 91
relation of, to disease, 85
saprophytic, 34, 88
size and nature of, 33
spore formation of, 46
structure of cells of, 42
temperature required for growth
of, 56
their relation to oxygen, 54
thermic effects of, 60
vegetative reproduction of, 44
Bacterial species, permanence of,
260 ^
Bactericidal substances in blood of
immunized animals, 108
nature of, 108
Bedding, carpets, upholstery, etc.,
disinfection of, 187
Bichloride of mercury, 156
solution of, 170
Blood, bactericidal effect of, 119
cultures, how obtained, 241
-serum coagulator, 220
germicidal effect of, 119
as a medium, 217, 268
Books, disinfection of, 187
Bouillon nutrient, 212
Bovine tuberculosis, 299
relation of, to human tuber-
culosis, 299
Bromine, 160
Bubonic plague bacillus, 606
immunizing injections in,
608
P<ALCIUM compounds, 157
\J Camphor, 166
Capaldi plate medium, 436
Capsule bacteria, 43
Capsules of bacteria, staining of,
203
Carbolic acid, 165
solution, 170
Carriages, etc., disinfection of,
188
Cerebro -spinal meningitis, bac-
teriological diagnosis of, 520
Chemicals, effects of, on bacteria,
151
Chemotaxis, negative, 121
positive, 121
Chlorine, 159
Chloroform, 165
Cholera immunity, 581, 585
infection, how caused, 582
spirillum, accidental infection
in man, 579
biological characters of, 570
diagnosis of, 587
effect of chemical disinfect-
ants on, 576
growth in gelatin plate cul-
tures, 570
stick cultures, 572
immunizing injections ( Haff-
kine's), 585
morphology, 569
pathogenesis, 577
GENERAL INDEX.
687
Cholera spirillum, varieties and
variations, 585
toxin, 580
Cocci, characters of, 36
staphylococcus pyogenes au-
reus, 461
streptococcus pyogenes, 476
Cold predisposing to infection,
130
Colon bacillus, 444
biology of, 445
differential diagnosis from
typhoid bacillus, 454
growth on common media,
446
immunization, 451
morphology of, 444
occurrence in man and ani-
mals, 451
pathogenesis, 448
Copper sulphate, 157
Cover-glass preparations, how
made, 198
how stained, 199
-slips, how to render free from
grease, 198
Cowpox, micro-organisms of, 648,
651
relation to smallpox, 648
Creolin, 171
Creosote, 166
Cresol, 165
Culture, contamination of, 231
media, reaction of, 55
method of making, at autopsy,
241
from urine and feces, 243
DENEKE'S cheese spirillum,
592
biology, 592
morphology, 592
Diphtheria antitoxin, actual
steps in test of, 373
nature of, 362
of its action on toxin,
363
persistence in the blood, 366
production of, for therapeutic
purposes, 359
Diphtheria antitoxin, technical
points in testing, 366
testing of, 364
unit, definition of, 366
use of, in treatment and im-
munization, 365
bacilli, exudate due to, con-
trasted with that due to
other bacteria, 376
persistence of, in the throat,
350
virulent, in healthy throats,
349
bacillus, 329
animal inoculation as a test
of virulence of, 383
biology of, 337
in different culture media,
336
growth on agar, 338
on blood serum, 338
in bouillon, 341
history of, 329
isolation of, 340
morphology of, 332
non-virulent forms, 347
pathogenesis of, 342
staining characteristics, 334
toxin of, 344
bacteriological diagnosis of,
377
characteristic appearances of,
375
direct microscopical examina-
tion of exudate, 3 2
examination of cultures, 381
mixed infection in, 352
technique of, 377
toxin, neutralizing value *of a
fatal dose 'of, 369
relation between the toxicity
and neutralizing value of,
366
transmission of, 355
antitoxic serum, 357
susceptibility and immunity
to, 356
value of cultures in diagnosis
of, 373
Diphtheritic inflammations, loca-
tion of, 347
688
GENERAL INDEX.
Diplococcus intracellularis men-
ingitidis, 516 (See Meningo-
coccus^
pneumoniae, 498
Disinfectants, 156-167
testing value of, 152
Disinfecting chambers, public
steam, 190
Disinfection, 152
in infectious and contagious
diseases, 171
practical (house, person, in-
struments, and food), 168
Dry-heat sterilizer, 223
Drying, effect of, on bacteria, 139
FHRLICH'S theory of the pro-
J-J duction of antitoxin in blood,
368
Electricity, influence of, on bac-
teria, 134
Eisner's method for cultivation
of typhoid bacillus, 434
Endospores, 46
Epitoxoids, Ehrlich's theory of,
368
Erlenmeyer flask, 221
Esmarch's tubes, 228
Essential oils, 166
l?ATS, decomposition of, 77
T Feces, disinfection of, 173
Fermentation tube, 82
Ferments, diastatic, 65
enzymes, 63
inverting, 65
organized and unorganized, 62
proteolytic or peptonizing, 64
rennet, 65
Flagella, 44
staining of, 205
Formaldehyde, 160
development of, from trioxy-
methylene pastilles, 184
forms of apparatus for develop-
ing, 181
gas, advantages of, over sul-
phur dioxide, 188
and sulphur dioxide gases, prac
tical employment of, 178
Formalin, 170
Friedlander's bacillus, 458
biological characters of, 458
morphology of, 458
pathogenesis of, 459
Fungi, pathogenic varieties, 619
riABBETT'S solution, 304
iJ Gas, formation of, from car-
bohydrates, 81
Gelatin, nutrient, 215
characteristics of, 225
Germination of spores, 49
Glanders bacillus, 598
isolation of, 603
morphology, 598
pathogenesis, 600
test for (mallein), 604
Gonococcus in cases of chronic
urethritis, 533
Gram's method of staining, 532
Neisser, 522
biological characters of, 525
morphological characters of,
522
in pus-cells, 524
affections due to, 528
immunizing serum for, 529
pathogenesis, 529
Gonorrhoea, bacteriological diag-
nosis of, 530
Gram's method of staining, 203
TJAFFKINE'S preventive in-
11 oculation for cholera, 585
for plague, 609
Hands, disinfection of, 192
Hanging drop for study of bac-
teria, 209
Heat, dry, effect of, on bacteria,
147
moist, effect of, on bacteria, 147
Hiss' media for typhoid bacillus,
430
Hydrogen peroxide, 159
Hydrophobia, 659
etiology of, 660
preventive inoculation (Pas-
teur), 662
GENERAL INDEX.
689
Hydrophobia, preventive, cau- Koch's tuberculin, 288
terization of wounds, 669
IMMUNITY, acquired, to poi-
1 son, 112
to bacterial poisons, 123
decrease of, 103
natural, 102
produced by injection of serum
of immunine animals, 109
specific, 106
how acquired, 107
theories of, 119
Immunization by non-specific
means, 104
Incubators, 231
Infected dwellings, disinfection
of, 186
Infection, influence of quantity
in, 95
inherited and susceptibility to
or immunity from, 132
mixed, 98
modes of entrance of, 100
removal by local means, 105
spread of, 128
theories of, 123
Influenza bacillus, 320
biological characters, 321
detection of, in sputum, 322
immunity to, 325
morphology of, 321
pathogenesis of, 324
pneumonia from, 325
resistance of, to drying, 323
staining characteristics of,
321
in tuberculosis, 326
diagnosis of, 327
spread of, 327
Instruments, dressings, etc., for
surgical operation, disinfection
of, 191
Iodine, 160
trichloride, 160
lodoform, 165
Iron sulphate, 157
KLEBS-LOFFLER bacillus,
329
old tuberculin, 289
1 EPROSY bacillus, 315
Lj biological characters of, 316
differential diagnosis of, 318
location of, in tissues, 316
morphology of, 315
pathogenesis of, 316
direct inheritance of, 317
Ligatures, disinfection of, 192'
Light, influence of, on bacteria,
135
Lime, chloride of, 160, 170
milk of, 170
Loffler's alkaline solution of me-
thylene-blue for staining diph-
theria bacillus, 334
Lupus, 278
Lustgarten's bacillus, 311
Lysol, 171
MALARIA, diagnosis of, 635
infection, how acquired, 638
mixed infection in, 635
technique of blood examina-
tion in, 636
Malarial parasites. See Plasmo-
dium malarise, 626
Material for bacteriological ex-
amination, procuring of, from
those suffering from disease,
240
Mallein test for glanders, 604
Media to be used at autopsy, 241
sterilization of, 218
Meningococcus, 516
biological characters of, 517
morphology of, 516
pathogenesis, 518
Mercury, bichloride, 156
biniodide, 157
Mesophilic bacteria, 145
Metachromatic bodies, 42
Metbylene-blue solution, 202
Metschnikoflf's theory, 122
Micrococcus gonorrhoeae, 522
lanceolatus, 498
tetragenus, 472
Microscope, different parts of, 206
44
690
GENERAL INDEX.
Microscopical examination of un-
stained bacteria, 198
Migula, classification of bacteria
/^ by, 258
/ Milk as a culture medium, 216
( sterilization of, 193
\. streptococci and staphylococci
^ in, 117
tubercle bacilli in, 117, 283
Mixed infection, 137
examination for other bac-
teria in tuberculosis, 305
practical notes in the exami-
nation for, 307
Mosquitoes as agents of infection
in malaria, 638
NEISSER'S stain for diphtheria
bacillus, 335
Nitrogen combination produced
by bacteria, 79
Nuclein, 121
PARASITES, strict, 91
I Pasteurization, 149
Pasteur's flask, 221
Petri dish, 225
Pfeiffer's cholera reaction, 582
Phagocytosis, 122, 125
Phenolphthalein as an indicator,
218
Pigmented leucocytes in malaria,
632
Pigment production, 66
Plasmodium malaria?, 626
sestivo autumnal parasite,
630
effect of quinine upon, 634
inoculation experiments
with, 633
quartan parasite, 629
tertian parasite, 627
Plasmolysis, 42
Plate cultures, 225
study of colonies in, 228
of, in gelatin, 230
surface inoculation of, 228
technique of making 224
Pneumococcus, 498
Pneumococcus, attenuation of
virulence of, 506
biological characters of, 500
in blood, 510
diseases caused by, 511
effects of germicidal agents,
light, and drying on, 503
growth on ordinary media, 500
on special media, 502
immunity to infection by, 513
morphology of, 498
occurrence in man, 507
pathogenesis of, 504
producing mixed infection, 508
source of infection by, 504
varieties of, 511
Potatoes as medium, 216
Proteus, 71
Pseudodiphtheria bacilli, 351
Pseudomembranous inflamma-
tions due to bacteria other than
the diphtheria bacilli, 353
Pseudotuberculosis, streptothrix
of, 619
Psychrophilic bacteria, 145
Ptomai'ns and toxins, 68
Pure cultures, 230
Putrefaction, 78
Pyogenic cocci, 461, 476
RABIES, 659
cauterization of infected
wounds, 669
Reaction in media, correction of,
217
Reduction processes, 75
Rooms, disinfection of, 175
OAPROPHYTES, facultative,
O 90
strict, 90
Scarlet fever, streptococci in, 354
Sections, preparation of, 200
Serum, anti-pneumococcic, 514
treatment of pneumonia by,
514
antistreptococcic, 489
preparation of, 492
protection afforded by, 491
GENERAL INDEX.
691
Serum antistreptococcic, stability
of, 492
standardization of. value of,
492
therapeutic results of, 493
protective, test of, 110
test, 417
Silver, nitrate, 157
Skin, disinfection of, 192
Smallpox, micro-organisms of,
648
Smegma bacillus, 313
Sodium compounds, 157
Specific immunity, nature of, 124
Spirilla, characters of, 39
Spirillum of Asiatic cholera. See
Cholera, 568
Finkler and Prior's, 589
biology, 589
morphology, 589
pathogenesis, 591
Metschnikovi, 593
biological characters of, 594
Obermeieri, 596
in relapsing fever, 596
Sporagenous granules, 42
Spores, staining of, 203
Spore types, 48
Sputum, collection of material,
301
from consumptive patients, dis-
infection of, 174
general rules in microscopical
examination of, 308
methods of examination for
tubercle bacilli in, 302
washing of, 306
Staining solutions, ordinary, 200
Staphylococcus epidermis albus,
471
pyogenes albus, 471
aureus, 461
biology, 461
growth in common media,
462
immunization, 467
morphology, 461
occurrence in man, 468
pathogenesis of, 464
production of toxic sub-
stances by, 466
Staphylococcus pyogenes citreus,
472
Sterilization, fractional, 149
incomplete, 152
Sternberg bulb, 251
Streptococci, dettction of, in pus,
etc., 496
of, in blood, 496
Streptococcus erysipelatis, 476
pyogenes, 476
biological characters of, 478
growth on media, 478
immunity, 487
morphology of, 477
occurrence of, in man, 483
pathogenesis, 481
toxins of, in sarcoma, 485
production of toxic sub-
stances by, 487
susceptibility to infection by,
487
use of anti-streptococcic serum,
489
Strep tothrix, 615, 619
actinomyces, 61 K
in pseudotuberculosis, 619
Sulphur dioxide gas, 158
in house disinfection, 189
Sulphuretted hydrogen, produc-
tion of, 74
Sunlight, effect of, 168
Sweat, bacteria eliminated by,
117
Syphilis bacillus, 311
biological and pathogenic
properties of, 312
morphology of, 311
TEMPERATURE, effect of, on
bacteria. 146
Tetanus antitoxin, 395
dosage, 400
persistence in the blood, 398
production of, for therapeu-
tic purposes, 397
results in treatment in teta-
nus, 399
technique of testing anti-
toxin serum, 307
bacillus, 385
692
GENERAL INDEX.
Tetanus bacillus, biology of, 386
differential diagnosis of, 400
morphology of, 385
non-virulent type, 401
pathogenesis, 388
resistance of spores, 388
toxin, 392
action of, in the body, 393
varieties of, due to bacillus, 391
Tetragenus, micrococcus, 472
biology of, 474
growth of, on media, 474
morphology of, 473
pathogenesis of, 474
Thermo-regulator, 232
Thermophilic bacteria, 145
Timothy grass bacilli and differ-
ential diagnosis from tubercle
bacilli, 319
Toxalbumins, 71, 72
Toxins, 73
Trichophyton (ringworm fun-
gus), 620
Tricresol, 166, 171
Tube cultures, inoculation of,
from plate colonies, 229
Tubercle bacillus, 263
action of, upon tissues of
poisons, 277
attenuation of, 287
biological characters of, 265
distribution of, in tissues, 278
duration of virulence of, in
sputum, 286
effect of sunlight on, 267
growth on coagulated blood-
serum, 268
on peptonized veal or in
beef broth, 269
mode of infection, 278
morphological characters in,
264
pathogenesis of, 273
paths of infection, 278
practical examination for, in
sputa, 301
resisting power of, against
disinfectants, 266
smegma bacillus, and leprosy
bacillus, differential diag-
nosis of, 314
Tubercle bacillus from sputa and
infected materials, 269
staining of, in tissues, 310
a strict parasite, 267
transmissibilily of, to foetus,
285
Tuberculin for diagnosis of tuber-
culosis in cattle, 291
in man, 294
Tuberculosis, animals attacked
by, 276
antituberculous serum in, 297
auto-infection by swallowing
sputum, 284
communicability of, 263
different forms of, in man, 276
immunization in, 288
individual susceptibility to,
281
infection from coughing, sneez-
ing, etc., 283
by ingestion of milk and
meat, 283
inhalation of tuberculous dust,
279
mixed infection in, 287
prophylaxis of, 298
Turpentine, oil of, 166
Typhoid bacillus, 402
biological characters, 405 v '
comparative value of methods
for isolation of, 439
detection of, in water, 443
differential diagnosis from
colon bacillus, 454
fermentation, 407
flagella, 404
growth in bouillon, 406
on gelatin plates, 405
in milk, 407
on potato, 406
indol reaction, 407
infection, diagnosis of, by
Widal test, 416
isolation of, from feces, urine,
blood, water, etc.. 429
length of time capable of liv-
ing outside the body, 413
location of, in body in ty-
phoid fever, 40'J
methods of infection, 412
GENERAL INDEX.
693
Typhoid bacillus, morphological
characters of, 403
in oysters, 413
pathogenic properties of, 407
in pneumonia, 410
presence of, in blood, 411
in feces and urine, 440, 676
in foetus, 411
in gall-bladder, 411, 675
in sputa, 411
as pus producer, 410
staining characteristics of, 403
in urine, 442
infection of, by contaminated
drinking water, 414
by milk, 414
immunization in, 415
UREA, fermentation of, 67
Urine, bacteria eliminated
through, 117
\J ACCIN ATION , immunity
conferred by, 649, 650
Vaccine, bacteria in, 657
bodies, 651
durability of, 656
preparation of, 652
virus, use of, 650
Vincent's bacillus, 354
Virulence, how diminished, 96
how increased, 96
possessed by bacteria, 96
Vitality, increase of, strengthens
immunity, 124
WATER, bacilli of colon group
in, 248
bacteriological examination of,
245
contamination and purification
of drinking 253
Water, domestic purification of,
255
obtaining of, for examination,
249
typhoid bacilli in, 247
Whooping-cough, bacillus of, 613
Widal reaction, 421
test, 419
advantages and disadvan-
tages of serum and dried
blood in, 424
dilution of blood- serum to
be employed and time re
quired for development of,
reaction of, 425
mode of obtaining serum in,
423
persistence of reaction in,
428
proportion of cases in which
definite reaction occurs in,
427
pseudo reactions, 422
reaction with blood-serum
of healthy persons, 428
of those ill with diseases
other than typhoid fever,
428
use of dried blood in, 420
WolfFhiigel's apparatus for count-
ing colonies, 227
VEROSIS bacilli, 347
A
YEASTS, 625
1 Yellow fever, bacillus of, 609
yiEHL'S carbol-fuchsin solu-
L tlon for tubercle bacilli, 303
carbolic fuchsin solution, 202,
Ziehl-Neelson's method, 310
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