Aliena, l cannol live oul of the sighl of ( Irlando I I 'II go find a shade, and sigh
till he come."

" And I 'II go Sleep," said ( 'elia ; and Ihe cousins wenl each her own way for an

Ihmii oi two, tmi i I ii should be time for ( Irlando's return.



XI.



Act iv. Scene 3.



a , t \ , ., .■-... JjfAWO o'clock came, bul il brought 110 Oris




anao. Celia was
inclined to tease Rosalind, and said that perhaps Orlando
had taken his bow and arrows, and gone forth to sleep I
Just, then Silvius, the young shepherd, Phebe's lover,
enti red, bearing in his hand the letter whi< h Phebe had
written to Ganymede. Approaching Rosalind, he said,

My errand is to you, fair youth.
My gentle Phebe bid me give you this.
I know not the contents; but, as.I guess
By the stern brow, and waspish a< Hon,
Whi< li she did use ;ls she was writing it,

[i. bears an angry tenor. Pardon me,

1 :illl ],,,( ;,-, a guiltless messenger.

Phebe had really written a very foolish love-letter to Ganymede. Rosalind
read parts of it aloud, pretending that it was abusive and full of harshness and
mockery, but in fact It was full of the most, extravagant praises and declarations
o) i 0V e i.om Phebe to Ganymede, so thai poor Silvius could not fail to see thai
his m i s t r e8s had used him to carry her love-letter to another man. Rosalind told
Silvius he was foolish to love such a cruel, heartless shepherd, is, and do such
errands foi her, but if he really insisted on loving such a woman, he might say
this to her : " If she love me, I < harge her to love thee ; if she will not, I will
never have her unless thou entreal for her. Go now, without another wool,"
she added, " for here < omes some one."

As Silvius went off, a man presented himself, who proved to be Orlando's
elder brother Oliver, he who had been so cruel and hard, and who had driven
Orlando to exile himself In this forest.



no



SHAKESPEARE FOR THE YOUNG FOLK.




" Good morrow, fair ones," said
he, courteously, and went on to in-
quire if they could direct him to a
certain sheep-cote, fenced about with
olive-trees, somewhere in the out-
skirts of the forest. They told him
how to find it : it was their own cot-
tage. He then recognized that they
were the brother and sister who
lived in the house, and whom he
was seeking ; and as they admitted
the fact, he said, —



Orlando doth commend him to you both ;

J *

And to that youth he calls his Rosalind

He sends this bloody napkin. — Are you he ?

Rosalind. I am : what must we understand by this ?

Oliver. When last the young Orlando parted from you,
He left a promise to return again
Within an hour ; and, pacing through the forest,
Lo, what befell ! he threw his eye aside,
And, mark, what object did present itself :
Under an oak, whose boughs were mossed with age.
And high top bald with dry antiquity,
A wretched ragged man, o'ergrown with hair,
Lay sleeping on his back : about his neck
A green and gilded snake had wreathed itself,
Who with her head, nimble in threats, approached
The opening of his mouth; but suddenly,
Seeing Orlando, it unlinked itself,
And with indented glides did slip away
Into a bush ; under which bush's shade
A lioness, with udders all drawn dry,
Lay couching, head on ground, with cat-like watch,
When that the sleeping man should stir ; for 't is
The royal disposition of that beast
To prey on nothing that cloth seem as dead.
This seen, Orlando did approach the man.
And found it was his brother, his elder brother.

Celia. O, I have heard him speak of that same brother ;
And lie [reported] him the most unnatural
That lived 'mongst men.

Oliver. And well he might so do,

For well I know he was unnatural.

Rosalind. But, to Orlando. — Did he leave him there,
Food to the sucked and hungry lioness ?



AS YOU LIKE IT. j^j

Oliver. Twice did he turn his back, and purposed so ;
But kindness, nobler ever than revenge,
Made him give battle to the lioness,
Who quickly fell before him : in which [battling]
From miserable slumber I awaked.

Celia. Are you his brother ?

Rosalind. Was it you he rescued ?

Celia. Was 't you that did so oft contrive to kill him ?

Oliver. 'T was I ; but 't is not I. I do not shame
To tell you what I was, since my conversion
So sweetly tastes, being the thing I am.

Rosalind. But, for the bloody napkin? —

Oliver. By-and-by.

When from the first to last, betwixt us two,
Tears our recountments had most kindly bathed,
As, how I came into that desert place ; —
In brief, he led me to the gentle Duke,
Who gave me fresh array and entertainment,
Committing me unto my brother's love ;
Who led me instantly unto his cave,
There stripped himself; and here, upon his arm,
The lioness had torn some flesh away,
Which all this while had bled ; and now he fainted,
And cried, in fainting, upon Rosalind.
Brief, I recovered him ; bound up his wound ;
And, after some small space, being strong at heart,
He sent me hither, stranger as I am,
To tell this story, that you might excuse
His broken promise ; and to give this napkin,
Dyed in his blood, unto the shepherd youth
That he in sport doth call his Rosalind.

Rosalind had listened eagerly to Oliver's story. The thought of poor Orlando,
wounded and bleeding, was too much for her woman's heart, and at the sight of the
napkin, stained, as she now knew, with his blood, in spite of her man's dress and her
boasted courage, she fainted, and would have fallen, had not Celia caught her in
her loving arms, exclaiming, " Why, how now, Ganymede ! sweet Ganymede ! "

" Many will swoon when they do look on blood," said Oliver.

" There is more in it," cried Celia in terror. — " Cousin ! — Ganymede ! "

At the sound of Celia's voice Rosalind stirred and opened her eyes, whispering
faintly, " I would I were at home."

" We '11 lead you thither," answered Celia tenderly ; and turning to Oliver she
said, " I pray you, will you take him by the arm? "

As they went, Oliver tried to arouse Ganymede's spirit with a little good-
humored raillery. Said he, —



1^2



SHAKESPEARE FOR 'II I JC YOUNG FOLK.



Be of good cheer, youth. ■ — YdU ;i man ! — You lack a man's heart.

Rosalind. I do so, I confess it. Ah, sir ! a body would think ill is was well
Counterfeited, I pray you, tell your brother how well 1 counterfeited. Heigho !
[ // '//// a '/<■<■/> sigh."]

Oliver. This was not counterfeit : there is too great testimony in your complexion,
thai il was a [feeling] of earnest.

Rosalind. Counterfeit, 1 assure you.

Oliver. Well then, take a good heart, and counterfeit to be a man.

Rosalind. So I do ; but, in faith, I should have been a woman by right.

Celia. Come, you look paler and paler: pray you, draw homewards. — Good sir,
go with us.

Oliver. That will I, for I must bear answer back how you excuse my brother,
Rosalind.

Rosalind. I shall devise something: but, I pray you, commend my counterfeiting
to him. • — Will you go ?

And ( Hiver accompanied them to their cottage before returning to report matters
lo ( )rlando.








XII.




claim upon Audrey.



Act V. Scenes i, 2, 4.

§.fa HE last we saw of Touchstone and Audrey, they had started
7 off in search of a chapel and a priest. They wandered a
long time in vain, till Audrey's patience was nearly ex-
hausted. As they were dragging rather wearily along, a young
country fellow, named William, joined them. This gave
Touchstone a chance to show off his wit and wisdom at the
expense of the country clown, who fancied he had some
That young woman had no eyes for him, however, now that
she had so fine a gentleman for a lover as Touchstone appeared to be.

As William approached, and stood grinning and bowing, with his hat in his
hand, the Court Fool assumed an air of superiority, and said ; —

It is meat and drink to me to see a clown : by my troth, we that have good wits
have much to answer for; we [have to be mocking]; we cannot hold [inj. — Good
evening, gentle friend. [To Wieeiam.] Cover thy head, cover thy head ; nay, pr'ythee,
be covered. How old are you, friend?

William. Five-and-twenty, sir.

Touchstone. A ripe age. Is thy name William ?

William. William, sir.

Touchstone. A fair name. Wast born i' the forest here?

William. Ay, sir, I thank God.

Touchstone. Thank God; — a good answer. [With lofty condescension.} Art
rich ?

William. Faith, sir, so-so.

Touchstone. So-so is good, very good, very excellent good : — and yet it is not ; it
is- but so-so. Art thou wise ?

William. Ay, sir, I have a pretty wit."

Touchstone . Why, thou say'st well. I do now remember a saying, The fool



Wit and wisdom were nearly the same in our author's time.



134 SHAKESPEARE FOR THE YOUNG FOLK.

doth think he is wise ; but the wise man knows himself to be a fool. The heathen
philosopher, when he had a desire to eat a grape, would open his lips when he put it
into his mouth ; meaning thereby, that grapes were made to eat, and lips to open.
You do love this maid ?

William. I do, sir.

Touchstone. Give me your hand. Art thou learned ?

William. No, sir.

Touchstone. Then learn this of me : To have, is to have ; for it is a figure in
rhetoric, that drink, being poured out of a cup into a glass, by filling the one doth
empty the other ; for all your writers do consent that ipse is he : now, you are not
ipse, for I am he.

William \_very much puzzled]. Which he, sir?

Touchstone. He, sir, that must marry this woman. Therefore, you clown, aban-
don — which is in the vulgar leave — the society — which in the boorish is company
— of this female, — which in the common is woman ; which together is, abandon the
society of this female ; or {advancing upon him with louder and louder voice'], clown,
thou perishest ; or, to thy better understanding, diest ; to wit, I kill thee, make thee
away, translate thy life into death, thy liberty into bondage. I will deal in poison
with thee, or in bastinado, or in steel; I will [fight against thee with conspiracy]; I
will [confound thee with cunning] ; I will kill thee a hundred and fifty ways : therefore
tremble, and depart.

Poor Audrey shook in her shoes at these terrible and mysterious words, and
she begged her former sweetheart to retire. He, poor fellow, was nothing loth ;
and, staying but a moment to recover from the bucketful of words which had been
emptied on him, he shut up his wondering mouth, put on his hat, and hastily
retreated.

In still another part of the forest the two now happily reconciled brothers
were walking and talking together, and Oliver was telling Orlando about his visit
to the cottage, and all that had happened there when he told the story of
Orlando's mishap. There must have been something good and lovable about
Oliver, in spite of his former unkindness to Orlando ; for, as it appeared from his
story, he not only had fallen in love with the charming young shepherdess (as he
believed Celia to be), but also in that single interview had won her love in return.
Orlando was much interested in it all, though it seemed almost incredible.

Orlando. Is it possible, that on so little acquaintance you should like her ? that,
but seeing, you should love her ? and, loving, woo ? and, wooing, she should grant ?
and will you persevere [and marry] her ?

Oliver. Neither call the giddiness of it in question, the poverty of her, the small
acquaintance, my sudden wooing, nor her sudden consenting ; but say with me, I love
Aliena ; say with her, that she loves me ; consent with both, that we may [have] each
other : it shall be to your good ; for my father's house, and all the revenue that was
old Sir Rowland's, will I [settle] upon you, and here live and die a shepherd.

Orlando. You have my consent. Let your wedding be to-morrow : thither will I



AS YOU LIKE IT. 1 35

invite the Duke, and all his contented followers. Go you, and prepare Aliena ; for,
look you, here comes my Rosalind.

And Orlando advanced gladly to meet Ganymede, who, nevertheless, spoke first to
the man she cared least for, and cheerily said to Oliver, " God save you, brother."
" And you, fair sister," answered Oliver, as he went away to find his Aliena, —
for he addressed Ganymede as a woman, either to carry out his brother's little
play, or because he had been privately informed by Celia that the youth was
indeed to be his sister. Then Ganymede turned to Orlando, and exclaimed, —

O, my dear Orlando, how it grieves me to see thee wear thy heart in a scarf.

Orlando. It is my arm.

Rosalind. I thought thy heart had been wounded with the claws of a lion.

Orlando. Wounded it is, but with the eyes of a lady.

Rosalind. Did your brother tell you how I counterfeited to swoon, when he
showed me your handkerchief?

Orlando. Ay, and greater wonders than that.

Rosalind. O, I know [what you mean]. — Nay, 'tis true: there was never any-
thing so sudden, but Caesar's brag of — " I came, saw, and overcame : " a for your brother
and my sister no sooner met, but they looked ; no sooner looked, but they loved ; no
sooner loved, but they sighed ; no sooner sighed, but they asked one another the
reason ; no sooner knew the reason, but they sought the remedy : and in these degrees
have they made a pair of stairs to marriage, which they will climb [immediately].

Orlando. They shall be married to-morrow, and I will bid the Duke to the nuptial.
But, O, how bitter a thing it is to look into happiness through another man's eyes !
By so much the more shall I to-morrow be at the height of heart-heaviness, by how
much I shall think my brother happy in having what he wishes for.

Rosalind. Why then, to-morrow I cannot serve your turn for Rosalind ?

Orlando. I can live no longer by thinking.

Rosalind. I will weary you then no longer with idle talking. Know of me then
(for now I speak to some purpose), that I can do strange things. I have, since I was three
years old, [been familiar] with a magician, most profound in his art. If you do love
Rosalind so near the heart as your [action seems to show], when your brother marries
Aliena, you shall marry her. I know into what straits of fortune she is driven ; and it
is not impossible to me to set her [very self ] before your eyes to-morrow.

Orlando. Speak'st thou in sober meaning?

Rosalind. By my life, I do. Therefore, put you in your best array, bid your
friends ; for, if you will be married to-morrow, you shall ; and to Rosalind, if you
will. Look, here comes a lover of mine, and a lover of hers.

This referred to the cruel Phebe and her devoted slave Silvius. Phebe came
to reproach Ganymede with having shown the letter she had written and sent by
Silvius ; but Ganymede made light of that, and said it had been done purposely
to anger her and turn her love to Silvius, who deserved it. Said Ganymede,
" You are there followed by a faithful shepherd : look upon him, love him ; he

a These were the words with which Caesar described the rapidity of one of his victories.
In Latin, Vent, virfi, vici.



136



SHAKESPEARE FOR THE YOUNG FOLK.




worships you." "Good shepherd," said Phebe to Silvius, "tell this youth what
't is to love." This Silvius undertook to do : whereupon the whole company
began to echo his words with their own experiences of the tender passion, until
Ganymede-Rosalind broke in impatiently, for she had a little mysterious plan to
please them all.

" Pray you, no more of this," said she ; " it is like the howling of wolves against
the moon. — Silvius, I will help you, if I can: — Phebe, I. would love you, if I
could; I will marry you, if ever I marry woman, and I .'11 be married to-mor-



AS YOU LIKE IT. 1 37

row : — Orlando, I will satisfy you, if ever I satisfied man, and you shall be married
to-morrow : — Silvius, I will content you, if what pleases you contents you, and
you shall be married to-morrow. — In the name of all your loves, I command you
to meet me. — So, fare you well."

Silvius. I '11 not fail, if I live.
Phebe. Nor I.
Orlando. Nor I.

The next day the Duke, with the lord Amiens and the melancholy Jaques,
was talking over the strange promises of Ganymede to Orlando, while Oliver
and Celia stood by. Just as the Duke was expressing his doubts, and Orlando
his hopes and fears, young Ganymede appeared, accompanied by Silvius and
Phebe, and, walking to the centre of the group, asked them all to have patience
while the agreement she had made with the different parties was once more clearly
stated. Then, turning to the Duke, she asked, —

You say, if I bring in your Rosalind,
You will bestow her on Orlando here?

Duke Senior. That would I, had I kingdoms to give with her.

Rosalind. And you [to Orlando] say you will have her when I bring her ?

Orlando. That would I, were I of all kingdoms king.

Rosalind. You {to Phebe] say you '11 marry me, if I be willing?

Phebe. That will I, should I die the hour after.

Rosalind. But if you do refuse to marry me,
You '11 give yourself to this most faithful shepherd ?

Phebe. So is the bargain.

Rosalind. And you [to Silvius] say that you '11 have Phebe, if she will ?

Silvitis. Though to have her and death were both one thing.

Rosalind. I 've promised to make all this matter even.
Keep you your word, O Duke, to give your daughter ; —
You yours, Orlando, to receive his daughter; —
Keep your word, Phebe, that you '11 marry me,
Or else, refusing me, to wed this shepherd ; —
Keep your word, Silvius, that you '11 marry her,
If she refuse me : — and from hence I go,
To make these doubts all even.

After thus thoroughly puzzling them all, Rosalind went away with Celia. The
Duke, turning to Orlando, said, " This shepherd boy reminds me of my daughter
Rosalind."

" My lord," answered Orlando, " the first time that I ever saw him I thought
he might be brother to your daughter ; but, my good lord, this boy is forest-born,
though highly educated by his uncle, a great magician living in this forest."

All this pairing was very amusing to Jaques, and he said, with a little good-
natured contempt, " There is surely another flood coming, and these couples are



138 SHAKESPEARE FOR THE YOUNG FOLK.

coming to the ark." Then raising his eyes, he espied another two approaching,
and he added, " Here comes a pair of very strange beasts, which in all tongues
are called fools." These, of course, proved to be our friend Touchstone, with
Audrey on his arm. In another moment he entered the circle, and, with a mag-
nificent bow, said, in the highest style of Court manners, " Salutation and greet-
ing to you all ! " Then Jaques told the Duke that this was the motley-minded
gentleman that he had so often met in the forest, and who swore that he had been
a courtier.

At this Touchstone spoke up with spirit, and said, —

If any man doubt that, let him put me to my [proof]. I have trod a measure ; a
I have flattered a lady ; I have been politic with my friend, smooth with mine enemy ;
I have undone three tailors ; I have had four quarrels, and like to have fought one.

Jaques. And how was that [made] up ?

Touchstone. Faith, we met, and found the quarrel was upon the Seventh Cause.

Jaques. How — Seventh Cause? — Good my lord b [to the Duke], like this fellow.

Duke Senior. I like him very well.

Touchstone. God [reward] you, sir; I desire you of the like. I press in here,
sir, amongst the rest of the country [couples]. — A poor virgin, sir, an ill-favored
thing, sir, but mine own : a poor humor of mine, sir, to take what no man else will.
Rich honesty dwells like a miser, sir, in a poor house, as your pearl in your foul
oyster.

Jaques. But, for the Seventh Cause, how did you find the quarrel on the Seventh
Cause ?

Totichstone. Upon a lie seven times removed. — (Bear your body more seeming,
Audrey.) — As thus, sir. I did dislike the cut of a certain courtier's beard: he sent
me word, if I said his beard was not cut well, he was in the mind it was : this is called
the " retort courteous." If I sent him word again it was not well cut, he would send
me word he cut it to please himself: this is called the "quip modest." If again, it was
not well cut, he [dispraised] my judgment : this is called the "reply churlish." If
again, it was not well cut, he would answer, I spake not true : this is called the
"reproof valiant." If again, it was not well cut, he would say, I lied: this is called
the "countercheck quarrelsome: "and so to the "lie circumstantial," and the "lie
direct."

Jaques. And how often did you say, his beard was not well cut ?

Touchstone. I durst go no further than the "lie circumstantial," nor he durst not
give me the " lie direct ; " and so we measured swords, and parted.

Jaques. Can you nominate in order now the degrees of the lie ?

Touchsto7ie. O sir, we quarrel in print; d by the book, as you have books for good

a A stately, solemn dance, comporting with the dignity of the Court.

b For my good lord ; like the French cher monsieur.

An affectation of ceremonious language.

d In all this Touchstone ridicules the nice distinctions of the law of duelling — sometimes
called the Code of Honor — which, in Shakespeare's day, was just beginning to take form, and
appear in books.



AS YOU LIKE IT.



139



manners : I will name you the degrees. The first, the Retort Courteous ; the second,
the Quip Modest ; the third, the Reply Churlish ; the fourth, the Reproof Valiant ; the
fifth, the Countercheck Quarrelsome; the sixth, the Lie with Circumstance; the
seventh, the Lie Direct. All these you may avoid but the Lie Direct ; and you may
avoid that too, with an if. I knew when seven justices could not [make] up a quarrel ;
but when the parties were met themselves, one of them thought but of an if, as if you
said so, then I said so ; and they shook hands and swore brothers. Your zf is the only
peacemaker ; much virtue in if.

J 'agues. Is not this a rare fellow, my lord ? he 's as good at anything, and yet a
fool.

Duke Senior. He uses his folly like a stalking-horse, 1 and under the presentation
of that, he shoots his wit.

While they were thus amusing themselves with the wise nonsense of the fool,
Celia and Rosalind returned, both dressed as befitted young princesses. Rosa-
lind came forward to her father, the Duke, who was too much surprised to speak,
and bending dutifully before him, said, " To you I give myself, for I am yours ; "
and then turning with a loving look to Orlando, she added, "To you I give myself,
for I am yours."

In great amazement the Duke cried, " If there be truth in sight, you are my
daughter."

And Orlando, equally astonished, exclaimed, " If there be truth in sight, you
are my Rosalind."

Poor Phebe, seeing her handsome Ganymede changed to a lovely girl, cried
dolefully, " If sight and shape be true, why then, — my love, adieu ! "

And Rosalind, smiling with pleasure and dimpling with fun, turned in succes-
sion to the Duke, to Orlando, and to Phebe, with a speech in one sentence for
each : " I '11 have no father if you be not he : I '11 have no husband if you be
not he : nor e'er wed woman, if you be not she."

The Duke welcomed his dear niece Celia and her lover Oliver as warmly as
he did his daughter and Orlando ; and even silly Phebe made the best of her
faithful Silvius, declaring that she really liked him after all, and would marry him
for his devotion.

In the midst of the surprises and the happy congratulations, a new-comer en-
tered in the person of young Jaques de Bois, the brother of Orlando and Oliver,
who brought tidings which added yet more to the happiness of all. Duke Fred-
erick, he said, while on his way to the forest with a large army, had met an old
hermit, whose conversation had so changed his heart that he resolved to embrace
the same life and retire from the world, restoring the crown to his banished
brother, and with it all the property and lands taken from those that were exiled
with him.

a A horse, or something formed like a horse, behind which the hunter hides himself so as
not to be seen by the game.



140



SHAKESPEARE FOR THE YOUNG FOLK.



This was joyous news to all. The banished Duke heartily welcomed young
De Bois, and congratulated his companions on their good fortune. He begged
them, however, to delay a little, that all might fully enjoy the rustic revelry, and
have a merry dance with the happy brides and bridegrooms. Jaques, the melan-
choly philosopher, was the only one who objected to the Duke's idea. He said
he preferred to seek out the recent convert, that he might, if possible, learn some-
thing new from him. In spite of the Duke's entreaties he bade them all good-
by with the kindliest wishes ; for his own part, he said he had decided to take