comes.

First Watch. Here is a friar, and slaughtered Romeo's

man,

With instruments upon them fit to open
These dead men's tombs. 200

Cap. O heaven ! O wife, look how our daughter bleeds !
This dagger hath mista'en, for, lo, his house
Is empty on the back of Montague,
And it mis-sheathed in my daughter's bosom !

Lady Cap. O me ! this sight of death is as a bell 205
That warns my old age to a sepulchre.

Enter MONTAGUE and others.
Prince. Come, Montague ; for thou art early up,

190. The people'] Pope ; O the people Q, F. 193. our'] Capell( Johnson and
Heath conjee.) ; yotirQ, F. 194, 198. First Watch] Capell ; Watch Q, F.
201. hcaven~\ F, heavens Q (alone). 204. //] Q (alone), is F. Enter . . .]
Capell ; Enter Mountague Q, F.

gestion of the Cambridge editors, "that on the back below the waist. See for

is so shriek'd abroad?" evidence Steevens's note.

190. The people] Several editors 204. And if} The force of lo, line

retain OofO, F. 202, goes on from " his house " (the

200. tombs] Here Q, which had sheath) to it, the dagger. With the

" Enter Capels" line 188, has "Enter reading And is F, from for lo to

Capulet and his Wife." Montague must be regarded as paren-

203. bac/s] The dagger was carried thetic. Mommsen conjectures " And

it is mis-sheath'd."



sc. in.] ROMEO AND JITLIET 177

To see thy son and heir more early down.
i\fon. Alas ! my liege, my wife is dead to-night ;

Grief of my son's exile hath stopp'd her
breath : 210

What further woe conspires against mine age ?
Prince. Look, and thou shalt see.
Lion. O thou untaught ! what manners is in this,

To press before thy father to a grave ?
Prince. Seal up the mouth of outrage for a while, 2 I 5

Till we can clear these ambiguities,

And know their spring, their head, their true
descent ;

And then will I be general of your woes,

And lead you even to death : meantime forbear,

And let mischance be slave to patience. 220

Bring forth the parties of suspicion.
Fri. I am the greatest, able to do least,

Yet most suspected, as the time and place

Doth make against me, of this direful murder ;

And here I stand, both to impeach and purge 225

Myself condemned and myself excused.
Prince. Then say at once what thou dost know in
this.



2io. breath] After this line Uyce equivalent to a :,\ liable, is perhaps

(following Ritson) inclines to think intended alter S.iw/c.

the following line from Q I should be 213. manners] Shakespeare makes

added: "And young Benvolio is the word, at pleasure, singular or

deceased too." plural.

212. Look] Stccvens conjectures 215. outrage] passionate utterance,

" Look in this monument, and," etc. as in 1 Henry I'l. \\ . i. 126:

"Look here," and "Look there" " this immodest, clamorous outrage."

have been proposed. A pause, Collier (MS.), outcry.

I 2



178 ROMEO AND JULIET [ACT v.

Fri. I will be brief, for my short date of breath
Is not so long as is a tedious tale.
Romeo, there dead, was husband to that Juliet ; 230
And she, there dead, that Romeo's faithful wife :
I married hem ; and their stol'n marriage-day
Was Tybalt's doomsday, whose untimely death
Banish'd the new-made bridegroom from this city ;
For whom, and not for Tybalt, Juliet pined. 235
You, to remove that siege of grief from her,
Betroth'd, and would have married her perforce,
To County Paris : then comes she to me,
And with wild looks bid me devise some mean
To rid her from this second marriage, 240

Or in my cell there would she kill herself.
Then gave I her, so tutor'd by my art,
A sleeping potion ; which so took effect
As I intended, for it wrought on her
The form of death : meantime I writ to Romeo 245
That he should hither come as this dire night,
To help to take her from her borrow'd grave,
Being the time the potion's force should cease.
But he which bore my letter, Friar John,
Was stay'd by accident, and yesternight 250

231. that'} Qq 4, 5 ; (hats Q, that's F. 239. mean] Q, means F.

228. brief] M alone : "Shakespeare -//,;''. Diet.}. I have noticed it fre-

was led into this uninteresting nar- quently in Richardson's novels, used

rative by following Rotneus and Juliet as in the following from Mrs. Delany's

too closely." Ulrici argues that it is Anlobio. iii. 608 (quoted in New

needed for the reconciliation of the Eiig. Diet.): "To carry us off to

houses, which follows. Longlcat as next Thursday." Its

246. as] This as used with adverbs force was restrictive ; now we regard

and adverbial phrases of time is still it as redundant. Compare Measure

common dialectically, but literary for Measure, v. i. 74: " As then the

English retains only as yet (A'cw messenger."



sc.m.1 ROMEO AND JULIET 179

Return'd my letter back. Then, all alone,

At the prefixed hour of her waking,

Came I to take her from her kindred's vault,

Meaning to keep her closely at my cell

Till I conveniently could send to Romeo: 255

But when I came, some minute ere the time

Of her awakening, here untimely lay

The noble Paris and true Romeo dead.

She \vakes ; and I entreated her come forth

And bear this work of heaven with patience : 260

But then a noise did scare me from the tomb,

And she, too desperate, would not go with me,

But, as it seems, did violence on herself.

All this I know ; and to the marriage

Her nurse is privy: and, if aught in this 265

Miscarried by my fault, let my old life

Be sacrificed some hour before his time

Unto the rigour of severest law.

Prince. We still have known thee for a holy man.

Where 's Romeo's man ? what can he say to
this? 270

Bal. I brought my master news of Juliet's death;
And then in post he came from Mantua
To this same place, to this same monument.
This letter he early bid me give his father,




256. minute} Hanmer minutes', 272. in post} in haste, or post-
compare liour in line 267. haste, as often in Shakespeare.

264. All fills'} Daniel conjectures 274. he early} Marshall conjectures

"This, all I know"; "hid me give his father early," or

269. still} constantly, always. " bid me early give his father."



180 ROMEO AND JULIET [ACTV.

And threaten'd me with death, going in the
vault, 275

If I departed not and left him there.
Prince. Give me the letter ; I will look on it.

Where is the county's page that raised the

watch ?

Sirrah, what made your master in this place ?
Page. He came with flowers to strew his lady's
grave ; 280

And bid me stand aloof, and so I did :
Anon comes one with light to ope the tomb ;
And by and by my master drew on him ;
And then I ran away to call the watch.
Prince. This letter doth make good the friar's words, 285
Their course of love, the tidings of her death :
And here he writes that he did buy a poison
Of a poor pothecary, and therewithal
Came to this vault to die, and lie with Juliet.
Where be these enemies ? Capulet ! Mon-
tague ! 290
See what a scourge is laid upon your hate,
That heaven finds means to kill your joys with

love ;

And I, for winking at your discords too,
Have lost a brace of kinsmen : all are punish'd.
Cap. O brother Montague, give me thy hand: 295

280. Page] F, Boy Q.

279. madc~\ was doing, or was 294. brace} Mercutio and Paris,

about, as in Alcrry Wives, II. i. 244: See in. i. 115, in. v. 180 ( li frincffy

"What they made there I know parentage" Q i), and v. iii. 75. In

not." Trail us and Cress ida, iv. v. 175

283. by and by} immediately, pre- brace is used as here: "Your brace

sently, as often in Shakespeare. of warlike brothers."



sc. in.] ROMEO AND JULIET

This is my daughter's jointure, for no more

Can I demand.
Mon. But I can give thee more :

For I will raise her statue in pure gold ;

That whiles Verona by that name is known,

There shall no figure at such rate be set 300

As that of true and faithful Juliet.
Cap. As rich shall Romeo by his lady lie ;

Poor sacrifices of our enmity !

Prince, A glooming peace this morning with it brings ;
The sun, for sorrow, will not show his head : 305

Go hence, to have more talk of these sad things ;
Some shall be pardon'd, and some punished :

For never was a story of more woe

Than this of Juliet and her Romeo. \_E.veunt.



301. true] Collier (.MS. )/ai>: 307. pardon' d . , . fmiL/u'd] In

302. Ro?nco\ Several editors follow Brooke's poem the Nurse is banished,
O Romeo's and lady s. Theobald because she had hid the marriage ;
has J\o>/ieo's and lady. Romeo's servant is allowed to live

304. glooming] The word is neither free ; the apothecary is handed ; Knur

uncommon nor obsolete, but it dropped Lawrence is discharged, retires to a

for a timeout of literature ; hence prob- hermitage two miles from Verona,

ably F 4 gloomy. and, after five years, there dies.



APPENDIX I

SOMK PASSAC.KS FROM THK QUARTO OF 1597

THK passages here selected differ considerably from
the text of 1599. The following is the scene in O i
corresponding to II. vi. :

Enter Ro.MEO, Frier.

Rojn. Now Father Laurence, in thy holy grant

Consists the good of me and luliet.
Fr. Without more words I will doo all I may,

To make you happie if in me it lye.
Rom. This morning here she pointed we should meet,

And consumate those never parting bands,

Witnes of our harts love by ioyning hands,

And come she will.
Fr. I gesse she will indeed,

Youths love is quicke, swifter than swiftest speed.

Enter IUI.IET somewhat fast, and embracctJi Romeo.

See where she comes.

So light of foote nere hurts the troden flower :

Of love and ioy, see see the soveraignc power.
////. Romeo.
Rom. My luliet welcome. As doo waking eyes

(Cloasd in Nights mysts) attend the frolicke Da}-,

So Romeo hath expected luliet,

And thou art come.
lul. I am (if I be Day)

Come to my Sunne : shine foorth, and make me faire.
Rom. All beauteous fairnes dwelleth in thine eyes.
////. Romeo from thine all brightnes doth arise.
Fr. Come wantons, come, the stealing houres do passe



184 APPENDIX I

Defer imbracements till some fitter time,

Part for a while, you shall not be alone,

Till holy Church have ioynd ye both in one.
Rom. Lead holy Father, all delay seemes long.
lul. Make hast, make hast, this lingring doth us wrong.
Fr. O, soft and faire makes sweetest worke they say.

Hast is a common hindrer in crosse way.

\_Exeunt omnes.

The following corresponds in Q I to III. i. 94-114 :

Mer. Is he gone, hath hee nothing? A poxe on your
houses.

Rom. What art thou hurt man, the wound is not deepe.

Mer. Noe not so deepe as a Well, nor so wide as a barne
doore, but it will serve I warrant. \Vhat meant you
to come betweene us ? I was hurt under your arme.

Rom. I did all for the best.

Mer. A poxe of your houses, I am fairely drest. Sirra
goe fetch me a Surgeon.

Boy. I goe my Lord.

Mer. I am pepperd for this world, I am sped yfaith, he
hath made wormes meate of me, and ye aske for me
to morrow you shall finde me a grave man. A poxe
of your houses, I shall be fairely mounted upon four
mcns shoulders : For your house of the Mountegues
and the Capolets : and then some peasantly rogue,
some Sexton, some base slave shall write my Epitaph,
that Tybalt came and broke the Princes Lawes, and
Mercutio was slaine for the first and second cause.
Wher 's the Surgeon ?

Boy. Hee 's come sir.

Mer. Now heele keepe a mumbling in my guts on the
other side, come Benvolio, lend me thy hand : a poxe
of your houses. {Exeunt.

The following corresponds in O i to IV. i. 77 to end of
scene :

Jul. Oh bid me leape (rather than marrie Paris
From off the battlements of yonder tower :



APPENDIX I 185

Or chaine me to some stecpic mountaities top,

Where roaring Beares and savage Lions are :

Or shut me nightly in a Charnell-house,

With reekie shankes, and yeolow chaples sculls :

Or lay me in tombc with one new dead :

Things that to hcare them namde have made me

tremble ;

And I will cloo it without feare or doubt,
To keep my selfe a faithfull unstaind Wife
To my deere Lord, my decrest Romeo .

Fr. Hold Juliet, hie thee home, get thee to bed,

Let not thy Nurse lye with thee in thy Chamber :
And when thou art alone, take thou this Violl,
And this distilled Liquor drinke thou off:
When presently through all thy veynes shall run
A dull and heavie slumber, which shall sea/.e
Kach vitall spirit: for no Pulse shall keepe
His naturall progresse, but surcease to beate :
No signe of breath shall testifie thou livst.
And in this borrowed likenes of shrunke death,
Thou shalt remaine full two and fortie houres.
And when thou art laid in thy Kindreds Vault,
He send in haste to Mantua to thy Lord,
And he shall come and take thee from thy grave.

I uL Frier I goe, be sure thou send for my deare Romeo.

{Exeunt.

The following in O I corresponds to iv. v. 41-95 :

Par. Have I thought long to see this mornings face,

And doth it now present such prodegies?

Accurst, unhappy, miserable man,

Forlorne, forsaken, destitute I am:

Borne to the world to be a slave in it.

Distrest, remediles, and unfortunate.

O heavens, O nature, wherefore did you make me,

To live so vile, so wretched as I shall.
Cap. O heere she lies that was our hope, our joy,

And being dead, dead sorrow nips us all.

\All at once cry out and luring their /lands,



186 APPENDIX I

All cry. And all our ioy, and all our hope is dead,

Dead, lost, undone, absented, wholy fled.
Cap. Cruel, uniust, impartiall destinies,

Why to this day have you preserv'd my life?

To see my hope, my stay, my ioy, my life,

Deprivde of sence, of life, of all by death,

Cruell, uniust, impartiall destinies.
Cap. O sad fac'd sorrow map of misery,

Why this sad time have I desird to see.

This day, this uniust, this impartiall day

Wherein I hop'd to see my comfort full,

To be deprivde by suddaine destinie.
Moth. O woe, alacke, distrest, why should I live ?

To see this day, this miserable day.

Alacke the time that ever I was borne,

To be partaker of this destinie.

Alacke the day, alacke and welladay.
Fr. O peace for shame, if not for charity.

Your daughter lives in peace and happines,

And it is vaine to wish it otherwise.

Come sticke your Rosemary in this dead coarse,

And as the custome of our Country is,

In all her best and sumptuous ornaments,

Convay her where her Ancestors lie tomb'd.
Cap. Let it be so come wofull sorrow mates,

Let us together taste this bitter fate.

[ They all but the Nurse goefoortk, casting Rose-
mary on her and shutting the Curtcns.

The following in O i corresponds to V. iii. 1-17 :

Enter COUXTIE PARIS and Ids Page with flowers and

siveete water.

Par. Put out the torch, and lye thee all along

Under this Ew-tree, keeping thine eare close to the

hollow ground.

And if thou heare one tread within this Churchyard
Staight give me notice.
Boy. I will my Lord.

[Paris strewes the Tomb ivith flo ivers.



APPENDIX I 187

Par. Swecte Flower, with flowers I strew thy Bridalc bed :
Sweete Tombe that in thy circuite dost containe,
The perfect modell of eternitie:
Faire Juliet that with Angells dost remaine,
Accept this latest favour at my hands,
That living honourd thee, and being dead
With funerall praises doo adorne thy Tombe.

Boy ivJii sties and calls. My Lord.



APPENDIX II

ANALYSIS OF BROOKE'S "THE TRAGICALL HISTORYE
OF ROMEUS AND lULIET," WITH QUOTATIONS

VERONA described 1-12.

The houses of Capelet and Montagew ; their strifes ;
to allay which Prince Escalus uses first gentle means, and
then sterner. (25-50.)

Romeus, a beautiful youth, loves a fair maid, but she,
being wise and virtuous, repels him. (51-72.)

After many months of hopeless love, he desires to
cure himself by travel ; yet cannot resolve upon it :

He languisheth and melts avvaye, as snow against the

sonne.
His kyndred and alyes do wonder what he ayles.

(73-100.)

The trustiest of his friends rebukes him, and advises
him to love a kinder mistress :

Some one of bewty, favour, shape, and of so lovely

porte :

With so fast fixed eye, perhaps thou mayst beholde :
That thou shalt quite forget thy love, and passions

pastofolde. (101-140.)

Romeus promises to attend feasts and banquets, and
to view other beauties. (141-150.)

Before three months pass, Christmas games begin, and
Capel gives a banquet :

No Lady, no knight in Verona

But Capilet himselfe hath byd unto his feast :
Or by his name in paper sent, appoynted as a geast.
(151-164.)

188



APPENDIX II 189

Romcus goes masked with other five; when they un-
mask, he retires to a nook, but is recognised by the torches'
light. (165-182.)

The Capilets restrain their ire. (183-190.)

Me views the ladies; sees one more beautiful than the
rest ; and quite forgets his former love. Juliet's eyes
anchor on him. Love shoots her with his bow. Their
eyes inform them of mutual love. (191-244.)

After a dance, Juliet finds Romeus seated by her :

And on the other side there sat one cald Mercutio,
A courtier that eche where was highly had in pryce :
For he was coorteous of his speche, and pleasant of

devise.

Even as a Lyon would emong the lambes be bolde :
Such was emong the bashful! maydes, Mercutio to

beholdc.
With frendly gripe he ccasd fayrc Juliets snowish

hand :
A gyft he had that nature gave him in his swathing

band.

That froscn mountayne yse was never halfe so cold
As were his handes.

The lovers' hands meet, palm to palm. Romeus cannot
speak ; Juliet calls the time of his arrival blessed, and then
is silent with love ; presently they are able to discourse,
and Romeus declares his passion. (245-308.)

Juliet, before leaving Romeus, confesses that (her
honour saved) she is his. (309-318.)

Romeus learns her name ; blames Fortune and Love ;
but he now serves one who is not cruel. (319-340.)

Juliet, inquiring first concerning others, learns from
her old Nurse her lover's name :

And tell me who is he with vysor in his hand

That yender doth in masking weede besyde the

window stand.
His name is Romeus (said she) a Montegewe.

Juliet inwardly despairs, but keeps up an outward
show of gladness. She cannot sleep, and questions with



190 APPENDIX II

herself, May not Romeus be false? But treason cannot
lurk in a shape so perfect. She will love him, if he mind
to make her his lawful wedded wife, for the alliance may
procure the houses' peace. (341-428.)

Morning comes ; Romeus passes, and sees Juliet at
her window; but is wary of danger. This happens often.
He discovers a garden-plot fronting full upon her leaning
place. Thither, when night has spread her black mantle,
he goes armed ; but for a week or two in vain. One
moonlight night Juliet leans within her window, and
espies him. She rejoices even more than he, for she could
not account for his absence by day. She is alarmed for
his safety :

Oh Romeus (of your lyfe) too lavas sure you are :
That in this place, and at thys tyme to hasard it you

dare.
What if your dedly foes my kynsmen saw you here ?

He answers that he can defend himself, and loves life
only for her sake. Weeping, her head leaning on her arm,
she tells her love, and promises that, if wedlock be his
end and mark, she will follow him wherever he may go ;
but if he intends her dishonour, let him cease his suit.
Romeus rejoices, and says he will seek advice early
tomorrow from Friar Lawrence. (429564.)
The Friar is described :

The barefoote fryer gyrt with cord his grayish weede,
For he of Frauncis order was, a fryer as I reede.

The secretes eke he knew in natures woorkes that
loorke.

Romeus, not staying till the morrow, goes to him.
He advises delay, but, hoping to reconcile the houses
by the marriage, is overcome. Romeus consents to the
delay of a day and a night. (565-616.)

Juliet's confidante is the ancient Nurse, who lies in her
chamber, and whose aid she secures by promised hire.
The Nurse eoes to Romeus :



APPENDIX II i in

On Satcrclay, quod he, if Juliet come to shrift,
She shal be shrived and mariecl.

She promises to devise an excuse for going, and talks of
her babe Juliet :

And how she gave her suckc in youth, she leavcth

not to tell.

A prety babe (quod she) it was when it was yong :
Lord how it could full pretely have prated with it

tong.

Romcus gives her gold ; she returns, full of his praises :

But of our marriage say at once, what aunswer have

you brought?

Nay soft, quoth she, I feare, your hurt by sodain ioye :
I list not play quoth Juliet, although thou list to

toye. (617-714.)

On Saturday Juliet, the Nurse, and a maid, sent by
Juliet's mother, go to the church. The Friar dismisses
the Nurse and maid to hear " a mass or two." Romeus
has already waited two hours in the Friar's cell : " Echc
minute seemde an howre, and every howre a day." The
lovers are married. Romeus bids Juliet send the Nurse
to him for a ladder of cord. They think the day long; if
they might have the sun bound to their will " Black shade
of night and doubled darke should straight all over
hyde." (715-826.)

The hour arrives ; Romeus leaps the wall ; climbs
the ladder. Bride and bridegroom embrace, and talk of
their past and present state. The Nurse urges them to
consummate their union. (827-918.)

Dawn comes : " The hastines of Phoebus steeds in
great despyte they blame." Their bliss lasts a month or
twain. On Easter Monday Tibalt, a young Capilet,
Juliet's uncle's son, "best exercisd in feates of armes,"
leads a street-fight against the Montagewes. Romeus seeks
to part the combatants : " Not dread, but other waighty
cause my hasty hand doth stay." Tybalt addresses him
as "coward, traytor boy"; they fight; Tybalt is slain.



192 APPENDIX II

The Capilets demand Romeus' death ; the Montagewes
remonstrate; the lookers-on blame Tybalt; the Prince
pronounces exile as his sentence, and bids the households
lay aside their bloody weapons. (919-1074.)

Juliet weeps and tears her hair ; wails Tybalt's death ;
curses her fatal window ; rails against Romeus ; and
charges herself with murder for touching the honour of his
name. The Nurse finds her seemingly dead upon her
bed ; she revives ; breaks into lamentation ; is cheered by
the Nurse with the hope of Romeus' recall from exile.
The Nurse offers to go to Romeus, who lurks in the Friar's
cell. Her mistress sends her forth. (1075-1256.)

Romeus does not yet know his doom. The Friar
goes forth, learns the sentence, and returns. He tells the
Nurse that Romeus shall come at night to Juliet to devise
of their affairs. He informs Romeus that the sentence is
good, not death but banishment. Romeus is frantic, tears
his hair, throws himself on the ground, and prays for
death ; he blames nature, his time and place of birth, the
stars, and Fortune. The Friar rebukes him :

Art thou quoth he a man ? thy shape saith, so thou

art:
Thy crying and thy weping eyes denote a womans

hart.

So that I stoocle in doute this howre (at the least)
If thou a man or woman wert, or els a brutish beast.

He exhorts Romeus to fortitude ; he has slain his
foe; he is not condemned to death; his friends may
resort to him at Mantua. Romeus grows reasonable ;
the Friar advises him as to how to quit Verona unknown ;
and bids him visit cheerfully his lady's bower. (1257-
1526.)

Night comes; Romeus visits Juliet; he discourses of
Fortune, and exhorts Juliet to patience ; she pleads to be
permitted to accompany him in disguise ; he explains
that they would be pursued and punished ; he hopes to
procure his recall to Verona within four months ; if he
does not, he will then carry her off to a foreign land.



APPENDIX II 193

Juliet submits, only requiring a promise that Romeus
shall, through the Friar, keep her informed of his state.
(1527-1700.)

Light begins to appear in the East : " As yet he saw
no day, ne could he call it night." Romeus and Juliet
embrace and then part :

Then hath these lovers clay an encle, their night

begonne,
For eche of them to other is as to the world the

sunne.

Romeus sets forth, clad as a merchant venturer, to Mantua.
He states his grievance to the Duke ; he is overwhelmed
with sorrow. (1701-1786.)

Juliet pines and pales, though she endeavours to
conceal her grief. Her mother notices the change in her ;
tries to cheer her ; bids her forget Tibalt's death. Juliet
declares that, a great while since, her last tears for Tybalt
were shed. Her mother informs Capilet, and tells him of
her suspicion that Juliet pines for envy of her married
companions ; she urges Capilet to have her married. He
replies that she is too young scarce sixteen years ; yet
he will seek a husband. (1787-1874.)

County Paris, an Earl's son, becomes a suitor. Her
mother informs Juliet, commending "his youthfull yeres,
his fayrenes, and his port, and semely grace." Juliet