Large and Charitable Air "). Houghton.
Lowell (James Russell). Works (for " New England Two Centuries Ago ")
Houghton.
Wilson (Woodrow). Mere Literature (for "The Course of American His
tory"). Macmillan.
INDEX
References are to sections
Abolitionists, 560, 608, 609 ; political
abolitionists, 614. See Slavery.
Adams, Charles P., and the Ala
bama, 689.
Adams, Henry, quoted on America
iu 1800, 438 ; War of 1812 not due to
impressment, 473.
Adams, John, reports Otis' speech,
216; on danger of ecclesiastical in
terference by England, 224 and note ;
defends British soldiers, 240; on
First Continental Congress, 250 ; on
formation of State governments,
260, 264 ; on July 2 and Declaration
of Independence, 263; and negotia
tions of 1783, 287, 289; Vice Presi
dent, 366 ; defends monarchic forms,
368, 369 ; described by Maclay, 369,
note; reelection, 388; President,
389 ; on origin of nominating caucus,
390; on danger of political parties,
391 ; and troubles with France, 409-
411; Treaty of 1800, 411; adminis
tration, 412 ff . ; and Fries' Rebellion,
412; defeat in 1800, 412; and " mid
night judges," 422; opposes exten
sion of franchise, 564.
Adams, John Quincy, and Treaty
of Ghent, 476; on Federalist plots
in 1803, 477 ; and claims to Oregon,
503; and Monroe Doctrine, 504;
election to presidency, 517, 518 ; ad
ministration, 519, 520; and the civil
service, 568; and right of petition,
613.
Adams, Samuel, and Revolutionary
committees of correspondence, 243;
first American "boss," ib. ; objects
to central authority, 326; and "We
the people," 362; on true Republi
canism, 387.
Administrations, table of, 1877-
1917, 723. See Elections, Presiden
tial.
Ag-assiz, 556.
Agriculture, deficient in French col
onies, 16; in English colonies, 3,
204-206; about 1800, 437; about
1830, 561 ; about 1860, 644 ; in South
after Civil War, 727; and recent
legislation. 846.
Aguinaldo,W.
Alabama, admitted, 498.
Alabama claims, 689; arbitration
of, 712.
Alamo, Massacre of the, 615.
Alaska, southern boundary fixed,
504; purchased, 712; gold in, 769;
and conservation (Ballinger inci
dent), 839.
Alden, John, 70.
Alg-onkins, 6.
Alien and Sedition Acts, 413, 414.
Amending 1 clauses in constitu
tions, in Peun's Charter of 1701,
175 ; in Revolutionary State consti
tutions, 274 ; in Articles of Confed
eration, 330, 331 c; difficulty of, in
the Federal Constitution, 347, 828,
839 and note.
Amendments to Federal Consti
tution, difficulty, see Amending
clauses; first ten, 371; eleventh,.
373; twelfth, 424; thirteenth, 684,
701 ; fourteenth, 703; fifteenth, sev
enteenth, 704, 828, 839; sixteenth,
839 (and see Income Tax).
America, see Geography, Society.
23
24
INDEX
References are to sections
American Colonization Society,
602.
American Federation of Labor,
806' and the War for Democracy,
873.
American Fur Company, 435 ; and
War of 1812, 473.
American party, see Know-Nothing
party.
American Revolution, 212-291 ;
preparation for, in intercolonial
wars, 212 ff . ; Grenville's plan to tax
America and " justification," 212-
220; Sugar Act, 221; Stamp Act,
222; underlying causes, 224-232;
and English reform, 229; a true
civil war, 230; and social upheaval,
231, 232 ; agitation preceding war,
233 ff . ; Stamp Act, 233-237 ; Town-
shend Acts, 238; Lord North, 238;
Boston Massacre, 240; committees
of correspondence, 243, 244; begin
nings of revolutionary governments,
246-251; Boston Tea Party, 246-247 ;
Boston Port Bill, 248 ; First Conti
nental Congress and the Association,
250-251 ; from colonies to common
wealths, 252; lines drawn, 253; and
labor class, 253 ; provisional govern
ments, 254, 260 ; Second Continental
Congress, 255; Lexington, 255; In
dependence ^ 258, 259; Declaration
of, 263; State governments, 264;
campaigns, 264, 283-2'86; American
disunion, 276, 277; inefficiency of
Congress, 278 ; generals, 279 ; neglect
of army by Congress, 279; paper
money, 282; French alliance, 283;
England's European foes, 283 ; York-
town, 286 ; Peace, 287-291 ; meaning
of, 292.
Ames, Fisher, on democracy, 426.
Andros, Sir Edmund, 150, 151.
Anna, Santa, 615.
Annapolis Convention, 334, 335.
'Antietam, 667.
Antifederalists, explanation of
name, 358, note.
Anti-rent riots, in New York,
599.
Anti-slavery movement, in 1789-
90, 382. See Slavery.
Appalachians, effect on early settle
ment, 5.
Appeals from colonial courts, to
England, 141, 146, 153, 172, 189.
Appellate jurisdiction of Su
preme Court, 352, 372 ; attempt to
repeal, 513.
Arbitration, International, in the
Jay Treaty, 406; of Alabama
Claims, 712 ; and U. S. Senate, 758,
775 ; and Bryan treaties, 775.
Archbold (Justice), 450, note,
786.
Arizona, the recall and admission,
72(5, 827.
Arthur, Chester A., dismissed from
New York Custom House, 734; Vice
President, 735 ; President, 736.
Articles of Confederation, 309,
311, 318; and land cessions, ib. ;
weaknesses, 322 ff., especially 330,
331.
Astor, John Jacob, 435.
Astoria, 468, 503.
Atlanta, in the Civil War, 669.
Audubon, 556.
Australian ballot, 824.
Avalon, Baltimore's Province cvf, 50.
Bacon's Rebellion, 160-162.
Ballinger, Richard, 836.
Ballot, use in London Company in
England, 42; first use in America,
and development, 96-98. See Aus
tralian ballot.
Baltimore, Lord, see Calvert.
" Barnburners," the, 627.
Barter, trade by, in early colonies,
208 ; in early West, 303.
Benton, Thomas H., on need of
Western influence in government,
503; and preemption laws, 575, 592.
Berkeley, Sir William, 47, 49,
156 if. ; on schools, 198.
Bessemer Steel, and modern build
ing, 728 and note.
Bicameral legislatures, demanded
in Maryland, 54; evolution in Mas-
INDEX
References are to sections
sachusetts, 102; in Revolutionary
State constitutions, 266, 272; aris
tocracy and democracy, 272.
"Big Business," 729-733; as a mo
nopoly, 788. See Trust, Money
power.
Bill of Rights, in First Virginia con
stitution, 262; in othcsr Revolution
ary State constitutions, 266; in
Northwest Ordinance, 313; want
in the Federal Constitution, 355 and
note ; supplied by first ten amend
ments, 371.
Birney, James G., free speech and
slavery, 611 ; leader of political
abolitionists, 614; campaign of
1844, 618.
" Black Friday " in 1869, 750.
Elaine, James G., 718, 738, 740, 758.
Blockade, discussed, 400 a and b ; in
the Civil War, 6(58. See Submarine.
Blue Laws, 192, 193.
Body of Liberties, the, 101.
Bonaparte, Napoleon, and Louisi
ana Purchase, 460, 465; and "de
crees " on American commerce, 470-
473.
Boone, Daniel, 299, 301.
"Boss," in politics, 571, 572; and
" Big Business," 802.
Boston, founded, 80, note ; first town
school, 199; " massacre," 240; " tea
party," 247; Port bill, and conse
quence, 248.
Bradford, Governor William,
quoted on Plymouth, 61, 62, 63, 65,
67, 68; as governor, 68, 69; charter
and surrender, 71 ; quoted on Roger
Williams, 115, note.
Brandeis, Louis, 813 a.
Brewster, William, 63.
Bristow, Benjamin H., 714.
Brook Farm, 558.
Brooke, Lord, on religious freedom,
119.
Brown, John, 642.
Brown University, 198, note.
Bryan, William J., in 1896, 757; in
1900, 769; in 1908, 838; treaties "to
promote peace," 775; and Baltimore
Convention in 1912, 842; and the
"cooling off" treaties, 775; and
pacifism, 873.
Bryant, William Cullen, 556.
Buchanan, James, as Secretary of
State to Polk, demands "all of Mex
ico," 622; Ostend Manifesto, 623;
President, 636; attitude toward se
cession, 658; and Sumter, 663; loy
alty to Lincoln, 664.
Bull Run, Battle of, 667.
Bureau of Corporations, 795.
Burgesses, House of, 37.
Burgoyne's Invasion, 283.
Burke, Edmund, on England's right
to tax America, 228; on union be
tween colonies and England, ib.
Burke, William, on return of Can
ada to France, 214 note.
Burr, Aaron, 419, 423, 424 ; duel with
Hamilton, 477 note.
Butler, Benjamin F., and "contra
band," 680.
Byrd, Colonel William, and
"graft " in public lands in colonial
Virginia, 165;. on degrading influ
ence of slavery on free labor, 203.
Cabinet, the, 370, 385, 395; new de
partments, 370.
Cabot, George, on democracy, 426.
Cahokia, 288, 292.
Calhoun, John C., a "Warhawk,"
473 ; a Nationalist in 1816, 507, 508 ;
abandons nationalist positions, 575;
"Exposition" of nullification, 579;
and slavery, 606; and Texas, 617;
and new territory, 625 (squatter
sovereignty) ; and Compromise of
1850, 630.
California, acquired, 620, 622 ;" free "
State, 1848-1850, 626, 628; and gold,
628; admission, 629; and progressive
politics, 823, 827, 829.
Calvert, Cecilius (Second Lord Bal
timore), 50 ff.
Calvert, George (First Lord Balti
more), 50.
Calvin, John, political teacher of the
Puritans : denounces democracy, 89.
26
INDEX
References are to sections
Cambridge Agreement, the, 38.
Campaign funds, and assessment of
office-holders, 735, 736 ; and Big
Business, 801, note; legislation to
check abuses in, ib.
Canal building, era of, 495-497.
Canning, George, and England and
Monroe Doctrine, 504.
Cannon, Joseph, 837.
Capitalist system, 534, 536, 537.
Carolinas, the, 187.
Carpetbaggers, 707.
Carranza, 847.
Carver, John, 65, 69.
Cass, Lewis, 627.
Caucus, Nominating, origin of, 390 ;
congressional, for Presidential can
didates, 389 ; in election of 1824, 517 ;
gives way to convention system, 569.
Cavaliers, the, in Virginia, 154-156.
Champlain, Samuel de, founds
Quebec, 12.
Channing, William Ellery, and
labor movement, 543 ; and abolition
movement, 609.
Charles I, 45, 84 ff .
Charles II, 49 ; and first colonial de
partment, 133, 134; and Massachu
setts, 141-142.
Charter colonies, value of distinc
tion, 188.
Charters, royal : character, 19 ; Gil
bert's and Raleigh's, 20, 25; First
Virginia, 22, 25; Virginia of 1609
and 1612, 32 ; to Baltimore for Mary
land, 51; to New England Council,
58 ; to Company for Massachusetts,
75; which becomes charter of cor
poration "on the place," 78, 79;
Rhode Island and Connecticut, 143,
144; Province of Massachusetts, 152,
153; to Penn for Pennsylvania, 171,
172. From proprietors to settlers,
see colonies by name.
Chase, Salmon P., abolitionist why,
614 ; Secretary of Treasury, 673-675 ;
Chief Justice, on Legal Tender Act,
711.
Chase, Samuel, Justice of Supreme
Court, on Declaration of Independ
ence, 319; on manhood suffrage, 449;
and sedition trials, 449 ; attempt to
impeach, 450.
Chattanooga, Battle of, 669.
"Checks and balances," in the
Constitution, 354.
Child labor, in 18J30, 539, 540; in the
New South after 1880, 727; law to
check, in 1916, 813 b, 847.
Children's Bureau, 813 b.
China, and the American Open-Door
policy, 771.
Chisholm v. Georgia, 373.
City government, degradation after
Civil War, 798-800.
City growth, see Population.
Civil Service, defined, 448 note ; and
Washington and Adams, 448; and
Jefferson, 448; and Jackson (Spoils
system), 568; and Crawford's four-
year bill, 568 ; and Lincoln, 662 note ;
1865-1880, 734; and Garfield, 735;
reforms and Civil Service Act of
1883, 737; and Cleveland, 738; and
Harrison, 742; and Roosevelt, ib.
Civil War, the, 655 ff . ; Border States
saved, 666; Bull Run, 667; North
ern strategy, 667 ff . ; blockade, 668 ;
campaigns, 669; forces, 670; prison
camps, 671; draft, 672; finance,
673-676; and slavery, 680-684; and
England, 685-691 ; cost, 692-694 ; re
sults, 693.
Clark, George Rogers, 288, 300;
and Spain, 306.
Clark, Captain William, 467, 468.
Clarkson, " the Headsman," 742.
Clay, Henry, a "Warhawk," 473,
474; protectionist, 507, 508; and
"the American system," 510; cam
paign of 1824, 517, 518; Secretary of
State, 518; duel with Randolph,
518, note; characterized, 575; and
the Bank, 576 ff . ; and Compromise
of 1833, 584; and preemption law,
592; and Compromise of 1850, 629,
630.
Clayton Anti-trust Act, 845.
Clermont, the, 459.
Cleveland, Grover, President, 738;
INDEX
27
References are to sections
defeat in 1888, 741; reflected in
1892, 745; vetoes, 744; and silver,
757 ; and the radicals, 757 note ; and
Hawaii, 758 b ; and Venezuela arbi
tration, 758 c ; and forfeiture of rail
way land grants, 778 note ; and rail
way strike of 1894, 809.
Clinton, De Witt, 495.
Clinton, George, 366, 388.
"Closed shop," 817.
Coal strike of 19O2, 810.
Colonial Assemblies (see colonies
byname), gains in eighteenth cen
tury, 190.
Colonial industries, 204-209. See
Labor.
Colorado, 726.
Columbia River, prophesied by Jef
ferson, 466; discovered, 467.
Columbus, Christopher, 9.
Commerce, colonial, 8, 58, 66, 68, 73,
83, 163, 205-208; and navigation
acts, which see ; and European wars
of 1792-1815, 399-400, 470; begin
nings of Oriental, 435 ; in 1860, 634,
635; recent, 743, 749, 771.
Commerce Court, 786 note.
Committees of Correspondence,
Revolutionary, 243, 244.
Common Law, English becomes
American, 191; expressly adopted
in Revolutionary State constitu
tions, 266; and labor movement,
544; and women, 560.
Commonwealth, the English, ex
plained, 48; and Virginia, 48, 49.
Communication, colonial, 4, 5, 8;
in 1800, 434; in 1850, 643, 644, 645.
See Steamboat, Roads, Railroads.
Compromises, the Great, in the
Constitution, 344-346, 350, 361; be
tween North and South, of 1820,
515; of 1833, 584; of 1850, 629, 633.
Conant, Roger, 73, 74.
Concord, Battle of, 255.
Confederation of New England,
128-131.
Confederations, two types of, 332-
333.
Congresses, Stamp Act, 235; First
Continental, 249-251 ; not a govern-
ment, 251; Second Continental, 255-
256; weakness, 278, 281, 282; and
Treaty of Peace, 288; weakness
after 1781, 318, 323, 324 ; and Shays'
Rebellion, 328 ; expires, 363.
Connecticut, democratic ideal, 120;
founded, 124; and Hooker, 125;
Fundamental Orders of, 126; early
franchise, 126; retained theocracy,
127; Dutch claims, 128; and New
England Confederation, 128 ff . ;
Charter of 1662, 144; resists Eng
lish control of militia, 186; western
claim and cessions, 308, 311.
Connecticut Compromise, the,
344-346.
Conservation, 835.
Constellation, and the Vengeance, 410.
Constitution of the United States,
see Federal Constitution.
Constitutions, Revolutionary
State, 261, 262, 265-274.
Continental currency, 282, 324;
and Hamilton's settlement, 375.
Continental debt, funded, 375.
"Contraband," and General Butler,
680.
Contraband of War, 400.
"Contract," inviolability of, and
Dartmouth College Case, 355.
Convention of 1818, on Northern
boundary, 501 ; of 1817, on disarma
ment on the Great Lakes, 502.
Conway Cabal, 286.
Cooper, James Penimore, 556.
Copley, John Singleton, 441.
Cotton, and Industrial Revolution,
436 ; and the Civil War, which see.
Cotton, John, on democracy, 89 ; on
life office, 92 ; and Body of Liberties,
101 ; on political rights of clergy, 113.
Cotton gin, 436.
County, see Local Government.
Cowpens, Battle of, 284.
Cradock, Matthew, 79, 84.
Crawford, W. H., 517, 518, 568.
Credit Mobilier, 716.
" Critical Period," the (1783-1788)
322-329.
28
INDEX
References are to sections
Cuba, and Spanish-American War,
759-765 ; and the World War, 869.
Cumberland Settlements, 302-303.
Cutler, Manasseh, 313, 315.
Daguerre, invents photography, 561.
Dakota, North and South, 726.
Dale, Sir Thomas, 33.
Dale's Code, 33.
Dartmouth College case, 365, 794.
Davis, Jefferson, 494, 655, 700.
Debs, Eugene V., 811, 821.
Debt, Imprisonment for, after the
Revolution, 326; in 1800, 440; in
1830, 549 and note; and the labor
movement, 550.
Declaration of Independence,
258-262, 263 ; and the States, 319.
Delaware, 172, note.
Democracy, at Plymouth, 70; dis
liked by Puritan leaders in Mas
sachusetts, 89; struggle with aris
tocracy in Massachusetts, 87-102;
in Connecticut, 123-126 ; growth in
Revolution, 231 ; and Revolutionary
constitutions, 270-273; and the
41 West," 180,211, 231, 297, 298, 302;
distrusted in Federal Convention,
338-339, 354-356; and the ratifica
tion, 359; distrusted by Federalists,
418-426 ; movement toward resumed
in "revolution of 1800," 443 ff. ;
and " free land," 442 ; growth about
1830, 527, 563, 564; opposition of
older statesmen, 562; see Labor;
and new Western States, 563 ; Jack-
sonian and Jeffersonian contrasted,
565; new political machinery of
Jackson's day, 569-573; more direct
democracy of the recent progressive
movement, 803, 825-832. See Pro
gressive movement, Labor, Woman
Suffrage, War for Democracy.
Democratic Party, origin, 520.
Dewey, George, 761, 762.
Dickens, Charles, and America, 526.
Dickinson, John, 338, 356.
Direct tax. of 1898, 412 ; of 1861 , 673.
Disarmament on the Great
Lakes, 502.
Donelson, Port, 669.
Dorchester, 80, note; and democ
racy, 104, 124.
Dorr's Rebellion, 600.
Douglas, Stephen A., 634, 639, 640,
651-654, 664.
Drake, Sir Francis, 17, 24.
Dred Scott case, 637.
Ducking stool, 192.
Dunmore's War, 300.
Education, in the colonies, 198, 199;
government aid in Survey Ordi
nance, 313, 314; grant for State
universities, 315; in 1800, 441; and
labor movement of 1830, 540, 549, 552 ;
and Horace Mann, 553; in the New
West, 554; "Higher" after 1830,
555 ; intellectual ferment of the thir
ties, 556, 557 ; after the Civil War, 733.
Edw^ards, Jonathan, 197.
Eight-hour day, the demand for
since 18(55, 813 a ; and the railway
law of 1916, 814.
Elections, Presidential, 1788, 363-
367; Federalist disregard of peo
ple's will in, 365; 1792, 388; 1796,
389-390; 1800, 419-425; 1804, 452;
1808 and 1812. 473 and note; 181(5,
516 ; 1820, 516 ; 1824, 517 ; 1828, 562,
574; 1832, 578; 1836,590; 1840, 594,
595; 1844, 597, 617-618; 1848, 626,
627 ; 1852, 633 ; 1856, 636 ; 1860, 651-
654 ; 1864, 684 : 1868, 706 ; 1872, 713 ;
1876,718, 719; 1880, 735; 1884, 738;
1888, 740; congressional in 1890,
744 ; 1892, 745 ; 1896, 747, 757 ; 1900,
831 ; 1904, 831 note ; 1908, 835 ; con
gressional in 1910, 838; 1912, 841-
844 ; 1916, 862.
Electoral College, 354; becomes a
form after development of party
government, 390.
Electoral Commission of 1877,
719.
Emancipation Proclamation, 680-
682.
Embargo of 18O7, 472; and New
England treason, 478; and rise of
American manufactures, 506.
INDEX
References are to sections
Emerson, Ralph "Waldo, 556; and
the Transceudentalists, 558 ; on Web
ster, 630 ; on Fugitive Slave Law, 631 ;
on John Brown's execution, (i42.
Employers' Liability Laws, see
Workman's Compensation Acts.
Endicott, John, 74, 75.
England, favored in America by
geography, 5 ; motives for coloniza
tion, 17-23; rivalry with Spain, 17;
royal charters, 19; commercial
policy, 135 ff., 184, 185; English
colonists become " Colonial Ameri
cans," 178; gains Florida and Mis
sissippi valley, 182; attempts at
colonial consolidation, 186 ff . ; see
American devolution; and America
in 1793, 399-407; the Jay Treaty,
404; and arbitration, 405; and ori
gin of Monroe Doctrine, 504; and
the slave trade, 603; and the Civil
War, 685-691 ; and Alabama Arbi
tration, 689, 712; and Venezuela
Arbitration, 758 c; and the World
War, 857 ff .
Entail, in Virginia, 204; abolished
by Jefferson, 444.
" Era of Good Feeling," 516.
Ericsson, John, 668.
Erie Canal, 495.
Essex Junto, 477.
Evans, George H. and Frederick
W., 545.
Everett, Edward, 556, 557.
Factory legislation, 813 d.
Fall Line, the, 180.
Fanning, Edmund, and the Regula
tors, 231.
Federal Constitution, see Federal
Convention; Connecticut Compro
mise and result, 344, 345; enumera
tion of powers, 346; implied powers,
347; amendment, 347; "general
welfare " and " necessary and
proper," 348; apportionment, 349;
slavery, 350, 351; judiciary, 352;
electoral college, 353; checks and
balances, 354; franchise, 356; rati
fication, 357-361 ; "We the people,"
362 ; development of unwritten, in
Federalist period, 363 ff . ; implied
powers again, 381. See Amend
ments.
Federal Convention at Philadel
phia, events leading to, 333-335;
records, 336 ; make-up, 337 ; dis
trust of democracy, 338-339; "par
ties" in, 340; Virginia Plan, 342;
procedure and periods, 343; New
Jersey Plan, 343; compromises,
344-347.
Federal government, two types of,
332, 333 ff.
Federal judiciary, in the Constitu
tion, 352; and Judiciary Act of
1789, 372 ; partisan in 1800, 414 ff . ;
Judiciary Act of 1801 and repeal,
421, 447; and the States (Chisholm
v. Georgia, 373; Eleventh amend
ment, 373; McCulloch v. Maryland,
512) ; and unconstitutional legisla
tion, 327, 352 6, 451 ; States and,
about 1820, 513 ; and Reconstruction,
710 ; and legal tender acts, 711 ; and
industrial and labor laws, 784, 794,
811, 813 a.
Federalist party of 1787-1789, 358.
Federalists of 1792, 386, 387, 413,
414, 418, 419, 420; achievements,
425; fatal faults, 426; in War of
1812, 472, 479-483; final disappear
ance, 483.
Federal Trade Commission, 846.
Fiat money, 327.
Fillmore, Millard, 629.
Fitch, John, 459.
Florida, ceded by Spain to England,
182; Spanish, and northern bound
ary, 407; acquired, 465 ; admitted,
624; and Texas question, 465. See
West Florida.
Foote's Resolution of 1830, 580.
Ford, Henry, and the war, 873.
Fourteenth amendment, 703; se
ceded States required to ratify, 704;
failure to protect political or civil
rights, 720, 721; protects property
interests from public regulation,
794.
30
INDEX
References are to sections
Fox, Charles James, 230, 287.
France, in America, 4, 7, 12; chief
rival of England, 13; advantages in
America, 14; causes of failure, 15,
16 ; ceases to be an American power,
181-182 ; earlier influence in Canada
on dependence of England's colonies,
214; alliance with America, 283;
and American territory in Treaty
of Peace in 1783, 289, 290; money
aid in Revolution and after, 324;
French Revolution and American
sympathies, 395 ; and the American
government, 396-398; in Adams'
administration, 408-411 ; "war,"
410; Treaty of 1800, 411; troubles
preceding War of 1812, 470-473 ; in
American Civil War, 686, 690; Na
poleon HI and Mexico, 712 b ; and
the World War, 852 ff.
Franchise, colonial, in Plymouth, 69;
in Massachusetts, 95; in Connecti
cut, 126; in Virginia, 157, 160-162;
Revolutionary State constitutions,
270-272 ; in Vermont, 273 ; in early
Western settlements, 298, 302 ; in
new States in Federalist period, 384
6 ; extension from 1789 to 1830, 563;
opposition of older statesmen, 564;
results in other political and social
changes, 566. See Woman Suffrage.
Frankland, State of, 303.
Franklin, Benjamin, and first cir
culating library, 198; and plan for
union, 213; on necessity of obeying
Stamp Act, 233; denies idea of in
dependence in March, 1775, 258;
and Thomas Paine, 259; in France,
283; and peace negotiations, 287,
289 ; in Philadelphia Convention,
337, 339 ; opposes limitation of Fed
eral franchise, 356.
Free land, and democracy, 442 ; leg
islation to get access to, 541, and
see Preemption and Homestead ; dis
appearance, 776.
Free press, denied in early Massa
chusetts, 102; vindicated in Zenger
trial, 191 ; see Alien and Sedition
laws; and slavery, 610-612.
Free Silver, 753-757 ; question passes
away, 769.
Free Soilers, 627.
Freedmen's Bureau, 696.
Fremont, John C., Republican can
didate, 636; and slavery, 680.
Fries' Rebellion, 412.
Frontenac, 16.
Frontiers, the successive, in Ameri
can history, 180, 317. See The
West.
Fugitive Slave Law of 185O, 629,
631, 632.
Fulton, Robert, 459.
Gadsden, Christopher, 235, 258.
Gadsden Purchase, the, 623.
Gallatin, Albert, 443 note, 447; and
civil service, 448; "Report" of,
456 ; and Treaty of Ghent, 476 ;
abolitionist, 609.
Galloway, Joseph, 250.
Garfleld, James A., 735, 736.
Garrison, William Lloyd, 608.
Gaspee, the, 140.
General Search Warrants, and
Otis' speech, 216, 217; in Virginia
Bill of Rights, 262; in Federal " Bill
of Rights," 371.
"General welfare," clause in the
Constitution, discussed, 348; used
even by Jeffersonians, 461 a; and
by Calhoun in 1816, 492.
Gent, French agent, 397.
" Gentlemen " in colonial times, 94.
Geography, influence on American
colonial history, 1-5 ; influence after
1800, 430.
George, Henry, 803 ; and Australian
ballot, 824.
George III, and American Revolu
tion, 229.
Georgia, 187 ; democratic Revolu
tionary constitution, 266, 270; and
slavery in Federal Convention, 351
note; and Eleventh amendment,
373 ; and education in 1800, 441 ;
nullifies the Supreme Court, 513, 586
German ." Fright fulness," policy