On parliamentary government in England : its origin, development, and practical operation (Volume 1) online

new rates of, 793 ; when collected,
ib. ; how levied, 794 ; on spirits,
ib. : on foreign commodities, 795.
See also Taxation, Taxes



ECCLESIASTICAL, prerogative in
matters, 501

Edmunds, Mr. L., case of, 685

Education, in Ireland, 426; com-
mittee of Privy Council, regula-
tions and functions of, 465-469 ;
office, inspectors' reports, 444-449 ;
minutes to be laid before Parlia-
ment, 465 ; how submitted to
the House of Commons, 468

Election, Parliamentary, of executive
officers unconstitutional, 143

Elections : interference of peers at,
11 ; influence of peers at, 12, cor-
rupt practices at, 575

Electric Lighting Act (1882), powers-
of the Board of Trade in respect
to the, 475

Elizabeth, Queen, government of,
and her Parliament, 93, 94

Elphinstone, Lord, case of, 534

Endowed Schools Act, report of
committee, 477

Endowments, Parliament the su-
preme trustee of, 472

Engledue, Lieutenant, case of, 674

Enquiry, proceedings of Court of,
not to be laid before Parliament.
531, 538

Episcopal Church in Canada, 512

Erroneous convictions, 585-588

Established Church, see Church of
England

Estimates : presentation of, 739-742 ;
supplementary, 740, 742; civil
service, 743, 750 ; precedents of
efforts to submit, to a select com-
mittee, 744-746; precedents of
motions to reduce, 746-748 ; clas-
sification of, 749, 751 ; contents of,
749 ; contain few aids to private
charities, 750 ; for a full account



832



I1TOEX.



EVI

of the civil service, 750 n. ; for
British Museum, ib. ; portion of,
voted ' on account ' in unexpected
emergencies, 758 ; public expen-
diture in excess of, 766, 768. See
also Supply, Votes

Evidence given by public officials in
court, 498

Exchequer, gross receipts to be paid
into the, 734 ; bills, 786

Executive authority : abuse of, 456 ;
limits to, 457. See also Ministers

Executive legislation, control of, by
Parliament, 470. See also Minis-
terial, Ministers

Expenditure: resolution or address of
House in favour of special grant
of, 699; must originate in Com-
mittee of Supply, 700 ; motions
for reduction of, 746 ; precedents,
746-748

Eyre, Governor, case of, 554



FEES payable on patent of digni-
ties, 592 w.

Fenianism, information withheld on,
440

Fennelly's case, 568

Financial measures: time allowed to
consider, 792 ; contracts and loans,
796 ; propositions included in a
Bill, 815. See also Budget, Supply

Fire insurance, motion to reduce
duty on, 717

Fitzwilliam, Earl, dismissal of, 634

Foreign affairs, opinions expressed in
Parliament on, 379, 380

nations, interference by Parlia-
ment with internal concerns of,
373

policy : censure of, 37 ; Parlia-
ment should be informed of, 355 ;
advantages of doing so, 356 ; ob-
jections to its publicity on part of
foreign governments, 356

powers and the Crown, inter-
course between, 355

Forestal inclosures, 436

Fortifications on the coast, proceed-
ings in Parliament concerning, 426,
493, 769 ; contracts for, 767-770

Fourdrinier's patent case, 692 n.

France, democratic institutions in,
21

Franchise, evils of enlarging, 21, 22 ;



GOV

exercise of, by civil servants. 632,

634. See also Public officers, Reform
Freeman, Mr , article on origin of

representation, 51 n.
French government, despatch from,

on right of asylum, 227
Frost, Williams, & Jones, case of,

564, 567
Fulford & Wellstead, case of, 574 n.



GALLEY, W., case of, 586 n.

Galway postal contracts, 492, 776,
779-782

George I., as a sovereign, 276 ; per-
sonal acts of, 276, 277

II., as a sovereign, 276 ; personal
acts of, 277-279

III., his character and conduct,
112, 279, 312 ; his friends as ad-
visers, 114; they formed a distinct
party, 115; shaped his own policy,
121 ; quarrel with his Ministers,
123; his personal influence, 124;
mental malady and proceedings on,
147, 339-342; personal acts of,
279-283

-IV., character of, 126; as a
sovereign, 127; personal acts of,
283, 284

' Gerrymandering,' 28 n.

Gidley v. Palmerston, 499

Gifts or loans to Crown or depart-
ment of state illegal without
consent of Parliament, 724

Gladstone, Right Hon. Mr., article
on first Reform Act, 20 n. ; admin-
istrations of, 246, 258 ; remarks on
expedition of public business, 478 ;
his budgets, 804

Goderich, Lord, his administration,
179 ; never met Parliament, 182 ;
cause of retirement, 255

Governing families, their influence,
12, 34, 125, 132. See also Whig
families

Government: parliamentary, defined,
1 ; by prerogative, effect of, 4 ;
importance of a strong, 19 ; by
councils, when ended, 94

stores : sale of, 645 ; parliamen-
tary control over, 725 ; not per-
mitted to give away stores, 725

Governor of Victoria, correspondence
relating to recall of, 577 n.



INDEX.



833



GRA

Grand Remonstrance, 97
Grant, Captain, case of, 709
Grant: resolutions and address for a
special, 699-701 ; the House may
increase a special, 702 ; a perma-
nent, 737

Great Council, the, 65, 73
Green, Rev. Mr., case of, 569
Grenville administration, 121, 155-

254

Grey, Earl, suggestions on reform,
26; objections to his plan, 28;
plan to strengthen ministers in
Parliament, 81 ; administration,
188, 255; on the kingly office,
313

Gross receipts : to he paid into the
Exchequer, 734 ; brought under
more immediate control of Parlia-
ment, 734-737
Gurney, Baron, case of, 680



HALL'S case of pardon, 663 n.

Hampden, case of Rex v. Hampden,
458

Hanover, pension to king of, 681

Hanoverian dynasty, 111

Harbour at Holyhead, 437

Harbours of refuge, 433

Hardwicke, Lord, twice refused to
affix great seal to treaties when
required by George II. to do so,
107

Hartlepool Railway Company, 603

Havens, Mr., case of, 582 n.

Heathcote v. North Staffordshire

Railway Company, 606 n.
- Mr., case of, 673

Holt, King v. Parsons, 654 n.

Holyhead Harbour, report of com-
mittee on, 437

Homes v. the Queen. 344 n.

Honours : prerogative in granting,
589-597 ; not necessarily at insti-
gation of ministers, 589 ; proceed-
ings in Parliament in relation to,
590

Hop duty, motion to reduce, 716

House of Commons: representation of
the Crown, aristocracy, and com-
monalty in the, 9, 13; introduction
of ministers therein, 9, 110; its con-
stitutional position, 43; difficulty
of controlling, since Reform Act,
132 ; is a council of control and



JUD

advice, 164 ; not to interfere with

the Crown in nomination of its

servants, ib.
Household, royal, appointment of

members of, 290-294 ; removal of

officers of, 291

Hulk system, complaints against, 679
Hume, Mr. J., his labours on behalf

of economy, 762
Hutchinson v. Palmer, 495 n.



IMPEACHMENT of ministers, 108
Inclosure Commissioners, powers of,

471,474
Inclosures of royal forests, report of

committee on, 436
Income tax, motion to reduce, 714
Indemnity, Bill of, 655
India, fate of Bill for the govern-
ment of, 116
Indian army : employment of, out of

India, 523; officers of, grievances,

546
Injunctions on Bills in Parliament,

605
Insolvent Debtors' Court, officers of,

682
Intervention in foreign affairs, 373-

380

Ionian Islands, cession of, 372
Irish Coercion Bill (1834), 193, 194,

217; (1881), 476

Established Church question, 193,
198, 200, 201, 238, 240, 241, 245

magistrates, cases concerning,
581-584

Court of Chancery, motion to
alter constitution, 677

Irwin, Mr., case of, 345



JAMAICA BILL, defeat of ministry
on, 200 ; arguments in the case of,
653 n., 554

Jervis, Captain, case of, 538

Jews in Parliament, 409

Judges: proceedings against, in Par-
liament, 571, 578 ; conduct of, not
to be lightly impugned. 574; notes,
ordered to be presented, 578 n. ;
necessary qualifications of, 586 ; in
Ionian Islands, case of, 676

Judicature, court of, 483

Judicial tribunals, curtailment of
powers, 483

3 H



834



INDEX.



JUD

Judicial^ appointments, how con-
ferred, 619, 677

Judiciary, matters concerning the,
571-588

Jurors, enquiries concerning, 584

Justice, administration of, subject to
parliamentary control, 570-588 ;
erroneous convictions, 585



KEMPENFELDT expedition, 534

Kennedy, Mr. T. F., case of, 675

Keppel v. Barwis, 521 n.

King, Sir A. B., case of, 703 n.

King (Anglo-Saxon), office of the,
60, 53, 55 ; (Norman) election of
the, 56 ; power of the, 57 ; councils
of, 60-63; Henry II. and his
council, 66

' King can do no wrong,' 2, 263

relations between the sovereign
and his ministers, case of, as early
as 1316, 77 ; secretary of the, 91 ;
vote in 1649 to abolish the office
of, 98

King's council : regulated by Parlia-
ment, 79 ; restrained by the Com-
mons, 79, 85 : development of, 81 ,
82 ; business before, 85, 86 ; com-
plaints against, 87

4 King's friends,' party of the, 114

King's household, removals from, on
petition of the House of Commons,
SO

Kingrly office, see Crown, Royal func-
tions, Sovereign



LADIES of the bedchamber, 292,

293

Lafayette, General, case of, 376
Lancaster, Earl of, bis constitutional

demands, 77

house of, constitutional reign of,
80

Landed interest, representation of,

25
Lands, distinction between, assigned

by state to Crown and private

property of Crown, 360 n.
Laval University, case of, protest

concerning powers conferred on,

600
Law courts, when established, 63

officers, opinions of, not submitted



LOR

to Parliament, 576, 577 ; pre-
cedents, 577

Leeds Bankruptcy Court case, 684
Legal immunity of ministers, 498,

499

Legislation in the absence of an
executive government, 247

report on, by means of provisional
orders, 476

Legislative : (early), assemblies, 68 ;
measures between both Houses,
389; facility of, 390-400; powers,
jealousy of Parliament in entrust-
ing, 482

Letters from sovereign princes, eti-
quette concerning, 360

opening at post office, report of
committee on, 432

' Liberal ' and ' Conservative,' origin
of terms, 137 n.

Life peerages, 593

Liverpool, Lord, his administration,
168, 254

Loans, or gifts : not permitted to
Crown or public departments
without consent of Parliament,
724 ; parliamentary control of,
725 ; how made and remitted,
725, 726, 730 ; to foreign powers,
731 ; precedents, ib. ; transactions,
789 ; financial contracts, 796

London University, resolution con-
demning the elevation of the
building, 450

Lopez, Sir M., case of, 565

Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and re-
mission of sentences, 667

dismissals of, from office, 611

Lords, House of : its dorm ant powers,
7 ; its constitutional position, 36 ;
relations with House of Commons,
37 ; free from sectional interest,
38 ; seldom initiates legislation,
ib. ; important services of, 39 ;
ability to estimate public opinion,
40 ; should not give persistent
opposition to House of Commons,
41 ; reasons why it should have
confidence of the nation, 42 ; ori-
gination of measures in the, ib. ;
reform of. for and against, 42, 43 ;
does not decide the fate of minis-
ters, 44 ; controls, amends, and
revises legislation from the Com-
mons, 389 ; suggestions from pri-
vate members on Monev Bills,



IXDEX.



835



LUC

603; practice upon petitions for
aid, and financial enquiries, 690 ;
controversy between House of
Commons and, as to right of
enquiry into expenditure, 697 ;
recommendations of, involving
expenditure, 697, 698
Luc an, Lord, case of, 582 n.



MACDONNELL, Mr., case of, 565

M'Mahon, Colonel, private secretary
to George IV., 295, 669

M'Neil, Sir J., case of, 591

Magistrates, proceedings in Parlia-
ment for removal of, 582

Magna Carta, 66, 68

Mail and telegraph contracts, 491.
See also Contracts

Maitland, Sir P., case of, 672

Male servants, Bill to reduce duty on,
721

Maloney, constable, case of, 579 n.

Mult tax, motion to reduce duty of,
720

Manchester, Bishop of, v. Attorney-
General, 461 n.

Martial law, 548-553 ; responsibility
of ministers in, 553

Maximilian, Emperor, remarks on
proposal to record opinion of
"House on murder of, 375 n.

Meath, case of the Crown solicitor
for, 671 n.

Melbourne, Lord, his administra-
tions, 133, 193, 200, 255, 256;
abstract of defeats sustained by,
202 ; number of unsuccessful Bills
introduced by, 203; acts as the
Queen's private secretary, 297

Melbourne University, powers con-
ferred on, 599, 600

Melville, Lord, impeachment of,
154

Members of Parliament, payment of,
70

Mercy, exercise of prerogative of, 554-
569 ; strictly confined to criminal
offences, 556 ; wrongful exercise
of prerogative of, 269

Merit, motion in House of Lords for
order of, 590

Middlemiss v. Attorney-General,
495 n.

Military law, 526

reseive funds, discussion on, 724



MIN

Militia, the, 525 ; dismissal of officers
of, 630; (disembodied), estimates
of, 739. See also Army

Ministerial defeats in Parliament,
144, 202-205

financial propositions, 797

interregnum, 162-168, 176, 225,
334

measure should not be con-
sidered immediately after state-
ment of its principles, 790

oligarchy, dangers of, 885

responsibility : progress, and ex-
tent of, 2, 3, 111, 118, 265, 273,
274, 384, 417, 541; theory of,
135 ; for the dismissal of their
predecessors, 135, 196, 329 ; when
first acknowledged, 264 ; for acts
of the Crown, $66, 266 ; for the
official acts of their subordinates,
628

supremacy over officials, 629
trust, 385

Ministers : responsible for exercise of
kingly authority, 2, 3 ; in the
House of Commons, 34 ; ought
not to have seats ex-officio, ib. ;
right to retire without incurring
displeasure of the sovereign, 77,
78 ; impeachment of, 108 ; when
the right to dismiss, should be
exercised, 134 ; absence of, does
not remove the right to free dis-
cussion, 183 ; but not desirable
in disputable measures, ib. ; to
what extent a defeat should com-
pel a resignation, 203-206, 207,
208, 210, 216, 232, 243 ; resigna-
tion before meeting of Parliament,
244, 251 ; the channel of commu-
nication with the Crown, 267 ;
their appointment and dismissal
by the Crown, 316, 330, 334;
entitled to fair trial in Parliament,
318 ; sovereign's right to nominate,
ib. ; accept office without a
majority in the House of Com-
mons, 319; how far they are
selected by the sovereign, 324,
331 ; must possess the confidence
of Parliament, 328 ; sanction of
the Crown in appointment of a
new, 333 ; must have the implicit
confidence of the sovereign, 335 ;
responsibility of, for exercise of
prerogative, 384; duty to shield



836



INDEX,



MIN

the Crown from personal obloquy,
385 ; free exercise of executive
functions, 415 ; how controlled by
Parliament, 415, 416; account-
able to Parliament, 421 ; when
papers are refused by, 443 ; duty
of, to protect interests of private
individuals in Parliament, 451 ;
abuse of executive authority, how
to be dealt with, 456 ; remedy
against illegal or oppressive acts
of, 493, 496, 498; immunity of,
in courts of law, 494,498, 499;
sworn to keep the sovereign's
counsel secret, 497 ; not to divulge
council secrets in courts of law,
497 ; responsibility of, for control
of the army and navy, 527, 528.
See also Privy Councillors, Ministry

Ministry : evils of a weak, 32 ; of
'all the talents,' 121, 155; new,
constitutional confidence in, 150 ;
dismissal of, explanations to the
House, 157 ; in accepting office,
become responsible for dismissal
of preceding ministry, 195, 196 ;
delays in forming, 320 ; formation
of a new, 330; right of a sove-
reign to take advice of a peer on,
334. See also Ministerial respon-
sibility, Ministers

Minorities, representation of, 29 ;
articles against, 29 n. ; minority
administrations in House of Com-
mons, 196,217,219,228

Minutes of council : rightful limits of,
464 ; on educational matters, 465

Monahan, Chief Justice, case of,
573 n.

MonarchicaJ and aristocratic ele-
ments, rights of, to representation
in the Commons, 24

Money Bills: by private members,
693 ; suggestions from the House
of Lords on, ib. ; Bills imposing
public charges have caused abuse,
894; new standing orders re-
garding, 695, 696 ; Lords' practice
different, 696 ; concerning prac-
tice in the colonies, 806, 807 ;
the various kinds of, 815; speech
of the Speaker on presenting, 821,
822

- charges, Bills involving, 765 ;
must be recommended by the
Crown, ib.



NOR

Money : resolutions or address of
House in favour of particular
grants, 699-701 ; House may
increase a special grant, 702*;
advances of public, 726-730;
addresses for, 766; ad interim
advances, 787. See also Supply

Montfort, Simon de, 67

Montreal and Kingston Railway,
charter granted, 607

Morrison, Rev. Dr., motion rejected
to grant a pension to the family of
the late, 682

Motions : for papers should not con-
tain argumentative matter, 453 ;
formal, to take the sense of the
House on pecuniary questions,
702 ; precedents concerning, 703-
709 ; for reduction of expenditure,
746 ; precedents, 746-748

Mozambique, consul at, case of, 677

Muir, Palmer, &c., case of, 563

Mutiny Act, 622-523



NATIONAL council, attempt of, to
elect officers of state, 79
- Gallery, proceedings to deter-
mine site of, 426

Navarino, consideration of claims of
officers engaged in battle of, 701

Navy and army, prerogative relat-
ing to, 520-554; enquiries into
promotions, 534-536, 543. See
also Army

Negotiations pending, papers con-
cerning, 357, 359

Negro apprenticeship in the colonies,
423

Nelson and Brand, Chief Justice
Cockburn's charge in case of, 548-
551

New courts of justice, motion con-
cerning, 449

works, not to be undertaken
without sanction of Parliament,
769, 770

Newport, Sir J., case of, 681

New Zealand, episcopate, 513-515;

University, 601

Nobility, liberal tendencies of the, 35
Nomination boroughs, 13, 14 ; effect

of abolition of, 16

of ministers by the Crown, 324
Norman polity, 58-68

North, Lord, his administration, 138



INDEX.



837



NOR



North Staffordshire Railway Co. v.
Heathcote, 606 n.



OATHS in Parliament, 409
O'Brien, William S., case of, 558
Officers of army and navy, control of

the Crown over, 529
and offices : protection to, 495 ;
public, 609-688; political and
non-political, 612 ; appointment
to, 615-621 ; judicial, 619 ; in the
gift of judges, 620; parliament-
ary, 627 ; subordination of, to a
political head, 629

- Crown has absolute power to
dismiss, 630 ; must not engage in
politics, 631, 633, 649 ; fidelity in,
632 ; public despatch prohibiting
offensive letters to press, 632 n.
See also Public officers, Civil ser-
vice

Offices of courts of law held for life,
630 n.

Official papers: discretion in with-
holding from Parliament, 357,
359 ; extracts given in certain
cases, 357 ; parliamentary grounds
for ordering, 453

Officials. See Officers, Civil service,
Public officers

Opinions, legal, for the executive
government considered confiden-
tial documents, 576

Orange lodges, address to discou-
rage, 423

Orders in council : authority of the
Crown in, 457, 460-463; ille-
gality of, issued by the Stuart
sovereigns, 458 ; when they re-
quire the sanction of Parliament,
462

- and minutes of council and de-
partmental regulations under con-
trol of Parliament, 464

Ordinary council, 64

Ordnance, case of the office of lieut.-

gen. of, 670
Orsini, refugee, 227
Overend, Gurney & Co. v. the Queen,

576 n.
Oxford and Cambridge University

Reform Acts, 472



PALMER, Mr., case of, 703



PAR

Palmer v. Hutchinson, 495 n.

Palmerston, Lord, his administra-
tions, 224, 234, 257, 258

Paper duties, 716, 809-814

Papers : when communicated to Par-
liament and when refused, 439-
443 ; cost of furnishing, to Parlia-
ment, 443 ; concerning private
affairs, ib. ; parliamentary reason
must be given for ordering official,
453

Pardon : prerogative of, 554 ; article
on, 556 n. ; cases of Toomer,
Scott, Greenland, Wager & Hall,
563 n. ; precedents of proceeding
in Parliament on pardoning offen-
ders, 563-569.

Parliament: introduction of minis-
ters into, 9 ; authority of the
Crown in, 19 ; functions of, 72 ;
when first annually convened, 74 ;
dissolution of, when justified, 206,
229, 314; cases of, from 1782-
1880, 253-258 ; effect of its pre-
rogative, 387 ; a new, not neces-
sarily convoked ' without delay,'
209 ; advises the Crown on the
formation of a ministry, 317 ;
should sustain the Crown in a
foreign war, 354 ; not to commu-
nicate direct with foreign sove-
reigns, 362 ; nor receive commu-
nications directly from them, 363 ;
communicates with legislatures
through the executive, 364 ;
ought not to legislate on matters
for negotiation, 371 ; result of ne-
gotiations to be made known to,
ib. ; what constitutes Parliament,
386 ; its dependence upon the
Crown, ib. ; no dissolution on de-
mise of the Crown, 387 ; effect of
prorogation, ib.; assembling of.
405 ; opening of, ib. ; independ-
ence of, 406 ; communications
between Crown and, ib. ; revolu-
tions of, 407 ; may advise the
Crown in any matter, 414 ; right
of enquiry into all acts of admini-
stration, 416 ; interference by, in
details of government, 419, 420,
427; limits of control, 420; in-
formation given to, or withheld
from, 439, 440 ; jurisdiction over
private corporations, 451, 452 ;
control of, over minutes of council



838



INDEX



PAR

and departmental regulations,
464 ; supreme trustee of endow-
ments, 472 ; motions to reduce
contracts on Houses of, 489 ; con-
trol of, over army and navy, 524,
520 ; right to full information in,
532, 576 ; does not justify inter-
ference in details of administra-
tion, ib. ; functions of, over courts
of justice, 571 ; limits of interposi-
tion, 572-574 ; cannot entertain
matters which are in province of a
jury, 573 n. ; legal opinions not
submitted to, 576, 577 ; votes of
thanks by, 593-597 ; power to
dissolve corporations, 603 ; ap-
pointment of officials of, 627 ;
representation of every public
department therein, 628 ; right
of, to investigate into abuse of
appointments or dismissals from
office, 659,660, 667; addresses
of, for contingent expenses, 661 ;
salaries of employe's in both
Houses, 661-666

Parliamentary government : defined,
1 ; to what it owes its success, 17 ;
development of, 45 ; its peculiar
advantages, 46 ; proceedings be-
tween the two Houses, 389 ; fa-
cility of, 390-400 ; officers, 627
Parsons v. King, Holt, 554 n.
Partition treaties, case of the, 106
Party government, authorities pro
and con, 9, 10 n. ; defined, 9 ;
origin of, 9, 111

Patronage : in the hands of an out-
going administration, 209 ; abuse
of, 610; political, 616, 617; ex-
tent of, m Great Britain, 622 ;
abolished in civil service, 626 ; of
Board of Admiralty, 673
Payment of members of Parliament,

70,71

Peace, right of making, and declaring
war, 351-355 ; how far subject to
Parliament, 351

Peel, Sir R., remarks on Reform Bill,

23 n. ; his administrations, 134,

195, 212, 255, 256; statue of,

motion concerning, 451

Peerages, creation of, 592 ; for life,

693

Peers : interference of, at elections,
11 ; case of names of, struck off
voters' lists, 1 1 n. ; influence of, at



POS

elections, 12 ; administrative ca-
pacity of, 36 ; indifference to legis-
lative duties, 41 ; privilege of, to
audience with the sovereign, 266 ;
creation of, 592 ; disqualified, 593.
See also Lords, House of
Pensions, how granted, 654-658 ;
abuses of the pension list, 655 ;
restrained by Parliament, 656 ;
civil list, ib. ; in army and navy,
658. See also Public officers, Super-
annuation

Perceval, Mr., his administration,
161, 254 ; assassination of, 162 ;
objection raised to pecuniary pro-
vision for family, 169 ; appoint-
ment to chancellorship, duchy of
Lancaster, 668
Permanent grants, 737
Pesth, consulship at, case of, 677 n.
Petitions of right, 343-348 ; return
of, fiated by her Majesty, 345 n. ;
case of Mr. Irwin, 345 ; in Euro-
pean governments and America,
344 n. ; return of, 345 n.
for aid to be recommended by

the Crown, 691, 699
Peto, Sir M., and London, Chatham,
and Dover Railway Company, 453
Phillips' insurance case, 658 n.
Pitt, Mr., his administrations, 119,
143, 153, 253, 254; plan of par-
liamentary reform, 126; lists of
defeats of, 144 n. ; remarks of, on
explanation to Parliament on re-
tirement of ministers, 149w. ; re-
signs office, but acts as chancellor
of exchequer till appointment of
his successor, 147 ; death of, 154
Poland, affairs of, 377, 378
Poles, vote proposed by ministry
increased by House for the dis-
tressed, 702

Police force, complaints against. 578
Polignac, Prince, case of, 376