Dio's Roman history, with an English translation online

glory to them, yet nothing can be given to you
that is greater than what you already possess, and,
besides, no little suspicion of insincerity would
attach to its giving. No subject, you see, is ever
supposed to vote any such distinction to his ruler
of his own free will, and since all such honours as
a ruler receives he must receive from himself, he
not only wins no commendation for the honour but
becomes a laughing-stock besides. You must there-
fore depend upon your good deeds to provide for
you any additional splendour. And you should
never permit gold or silver images of yourself to be
made, for they are not only costly but also invite

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oXiyoxpovioi elaiv), aTCKa^ he iv avrai^ ral^ t&v
ayffpa)7rcov y^vxat^ xal afcrjpdTov^; xal aOavdrov^

4 €^ evepyea-i&v Brj/jLiovpyei., firj fievTOi firjS^ vaov
TTore irepdhri^ aavTa> yevofievov, fmrrjv yhp
'rrafJLirXrjdrj ^pj;/iaTa €9 ret roiavra dvaXlaKerai,
& KpeiTTov ia-TLV €9 ra dvayxata SairavdaOai
(ttXovto^ yap dfcpc/Srj^ ov^ ovtoo^ i/c tov iroWd
XafijSdveiv c&9 ifc rod fjurj TroWd dvaXlaKeiv ddpoi-
^erai), koX €9 evKXecav ovSkv dir axn&v Trpoayi-

6 yverai, dperrj fjuev ydp laodeov^ iroXKov^ iroieX,
X€ipoTCV7jTo^ S' oifSeU TrcoTTore ^€09 iyivero, &(n€
aoX fiev dyaO^ re ovtc fcal Ka\&^ dp'xpvri Trdaa
fi€p yrj TepAvLtTfia earac, irdaai Se TroXei^ vaoi}
7rai/T€9 a avdpoDiroi drfdXiutra (iv ydp rai^ yvd-

6 )Ltat9 avT&v del fi€T evho^ia^ ivthpydrjarf), tou9 S'
a\X6)9 7rft)9 Ta fcpdrr) SU'TTovra^ ov fwvov ov
aefivuvei rd rocavra, /cav iv dirdaai^ ral^ iroXeaiv
i^aipeff^, dWd /cal irpoaSia^dWei, Tpovaid re
riva T^9 icaKia^ avr&v xal fivrjfieia r^ dSifcCa^
yiyvofieva* oatp ydp dv iirl irkelov dvrap/ceat),
Toaovrq) fidWov fcal fj Ka/coSo^la avT&v hiapAvei,
36 &(TT etirep dddvaro^ ovrax; iiriOvfiec^ yeveaOat,
Tavrd T€ ovTG) irpdrre, xal irpoaeri to fiev Oeiov
iravrri TrdvTto^ avro^ t€ ai/3ov /card rd irdrpia
KaX rov^ a\Xou9 Tifidv dvdyKa^e, Toif<: Se Srj ^evi-

2 ^ovrd^ Ti irepX avro xal fjuiaei xal tcoTui^e, p,ij
fiovov T&v 0e&v 6V€/ca, &v 6^ KaTa^povqaa^ ov&*

' vaoi M, om. V. * 6 supplied by St.

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BOOK LII

destruction and last only a brief time ;" but rather b.c. 29
by your benefactions fasliion other images in the
hearts of your people, images which will never
tarnish or perish. Neither should you ever permit
the raising of a temple to you ; for the expenditure
of vast sums of money on such objects is sheer
waste. This money would better be used for neces-
sary objects ; for wealth which is really wealth is ,
gathered, not so much by getting largely, as by
saving largely. Then, again, from temples comes
no enhancement of one's glory. For it is virtue
that raises many men to the level of gods, and no
man ever became a god by popular vote. Hence,
if you are upright as a man and honourable as a
ruler, the whole earth will be your hallowed pre-
cinct, all cities your temples, and all men your
statues, since within their thoughts you will ever be
enshrined and glorified. As for those, on the con-
trary, who administer their realms in any other way,
such honours not only do not lend holiness to them,
even though shrines are set apart for them in all
their cities, but even bring a greater reproach upon
them, becoming, as it were, trophies of their base-
ness and memorials of their injustice ; for the
longer these temples last, the longer abides the
memory of their infamy. Therefore, if you desire
to become in very truth immortal, act as I advise ;
and, furthermore, do you not only yourself worship
the Divine Power everywhere and in every way in
accordance with the traditions of our fathers, but
compel all others to honour it. Those who attempt
to distort our religion with strange rites you should
abhor and punish, not merely for the sake of the
gods (since if a man despises these he will not pay

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aWov av nvo^ Trporf^firjaeiev, aXX' oti /cat Kaivd
TLva haifiovia ol roiovroi avT€<T<f>epovT€^ ttoWou?
avaireidovaiv aWoTpiovofutv, kolk tovtov koI
avvoDfioo'iai Kal avarda-ei^ krai^pelal re yiyvovrat,
anrep fiKiara fJLOvapxi<f avfufiipei. fjujr oiv aOetp

3 TivX fi7]T€ y6i]Ti avyx^PV^V^ elvai, fiavriicr} fiev
yhp dpayKaia iarl, fcal iravrco^ rivh^ icaX lepoirra^
KaX omviara^ dirohei^ov, 61^ ol jSovXofievoi rt
Koivaxrao'daL trvviaovrar roif^ Sk Srj /jLay€VTCt<;
irdvv ovK elvai irpoc'^/ceL ttoWou? yap iroWdKi^
ol TOiovToi, Tct, pAv Ttva dXffdij Va Sk ^t) ir\ei(o

4 '^evhrj Xeyovre^, v€oj(jiovv iiraipovai, to S' avro
roVTO Koi T&v ^iXo(TOff)elv TTpoairoiovp^ivcov ov/c
oXiyoi Sp&ar Sio xal ixeivov^ (fyvKda-aea-dai <rot
7rapaiv&, prj ykp on KaX ^Apelov xaX ^AOtjvo-
Sd>pov tcaX&v Kal dyad&v dvBp&v ireirelpaaai,
Triareve KaX roif^ aXXov^ irdvra^ roi/^ ^CXoao^elv
Xiyovra^ op^oiov^ avroh elvar p.vpia yhp KaKk
KaX irip,ov^ KaX Ihmra^ to irpoo'XVH'^ rtve^ tovto
7rpol3aXX6p,€voi SpSxri,

37 "T§ p^v oiv yvd^pLtf Koi t^ puqhevo^ irXeiovo^
T&v VTTapxpvTtDV imOvp^ip €lpi]viKd>TaTov elvai ae
XPV> '^^^^ ^^ irapacKeval^ iToXep,iK(i>TaTOVy oiro)^
pAXiaTa p^v p^rpre iOeX'^a-rj p^tfre emxeipijo-rj t*9
dSiKTJaai ae, el Sk p,i], paSio)^ xaX irapaxprfpLa
2 KoXaaffy, KaX iirecSi] ye dva^Katov eart, KaX hik
ravra KaX hia T&XKa koi inTaKovaTetv Tcva^ KaX
Sioirreveiv irdvTa tcl t§ r)yep.ovia aov irpoaijKOVTa,
iva p/qhev t&v (f>vXaKrj^ tivo^ koX eTravopdwceto.^

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BOOK LII

honour to any other being), but because such men, b.c. 2»
by bringing in new divinities in place of the old,
persuade many to adopt foreign practices, from which
spring up conspiracies, factions, and cabals, which
are far from profitable to a monarchy. Do not,
therefore, permit anybody to be an atheist or a !
sorcerer. Soothsajring, to be sure, is a necessary
art, and you should by all means appoint some
men to be diviners and augurs, to whom those will
resort who wish to consult them on any matter;
but there ought to be no workers in magic at all.
For such men, by speaking the truth sometimes,
but generally falsehood, often encourage a great
many to attempt revolutions. The same thing is
done also by many who pretend to be philosophers ;
hence I advise you to be on your guard agaiil5t"them,
too. Do' not, because you have had experience of'
good and honourable men like Areius and Atheno-
dorus,! believe that all the rest who claim to be
philosophers are like them; for infinite harm, both
to conmnunities and to individuals, is worked by cer-
tain men who but use this profession as a screen.

" Now you should be wholly inclined to peace, so
far as your purpose is concerned and your desire for
nothing more than you now possess, but as regards
your military preparations you should be distinctly
warlike, in order that, if possible, no one may either
wish or attempt to wrong you, but if he should, that
he may be punished easily and instantly. And inas-
much as it is necessary, for these and other reasons,
that there shall be persons who are to keep eyes and
ears open to anything which affects your imperial
position, in order that you may not be unaware of

* For Areius see li. 16, 4 ; for Athenodorus, Ivi. 43, 2.

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DIGS ROMAN HISTORY

Seofievcov ayvof}^, fiifjLvrjao on ov XPV Traciz/
dirXw T0?9 \€yofi€Voi<i vir avr&v TriaTeveiv, aX\'

3 aKpL^&<; avra hiaaKOTrelv. avx^ol yap, oi fjuev
fiKTOvvri^ Tiva^, ol S' eTTtOvfiovvTe^ &v e^ovaiv,
aXKoL 'X^api^ofievoi Tiaiv, aWoi 'X^pij/juara airrj-
aapT€<: rtva^ xal fjurj Xa^ovre^, eirqped^ovaLV
avToxf<; 0)9 vecoTCpi^ovra^ rj fcal aXXo tl aveirLrrj'
heiov Kara rov avrap^ovvro^ fj (f>povovpTa^ fj

4 Xiyovra^, ovkovv ev0v^ ovSk poBlco^ irpoakxj^f'V
avTot^ Sec, aXXa /cat irdvv iravra SceXeyx^^^*
Ppahvva^ fiev yap iv rSt TnaTevaai nva ovSev
fjbeya dSiKr)0i]arj, aireiaa^ he rd)^ o>v tl koI
i^afidpTOC^, b fjurj SvvrjO'qa'p dva/cia-aadac.

5 "Tifi&p fih ovv ae rov^ dyaOov^ /cat t&v
aTreXevdepcop fcal t&p aXXcop t&p avpomeop aot
Kal Set /cat dpayicalop ian' zeal yap Koafiop Kal
da^dXeidp aoi fieydXrjp rovro oicrei. firj fiipTOL
Kal VTripoyKOP ri lax^ircoa-ap, dXXd aKpi/SA^
irdpre^ aoi)(f>poP€LT(oa'ap, &are ae fiTjhep vir* avr&p

6 Sia^TjOrjpar irdpra yhp otra ap rj KaXm V
Kafc&^ irpd^coai, aol irpoa-TedijaeraL, Kal toiovto^
auT09 v<l>* aTrdpTODP POfiiadrjari oirola &p iKeipoi^
TToieiP iTnTpeirrj^.

"Tou9 fJL€P Bfj ovp hvpaToif<; firj irXeopeKrelp ripa
fjLTjSk ai (TVKo<f>aPT€taOaL ea* fjLr)Se earo) tcpI avr&p
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BOOK LII

any situation that requires measures of precaution or b.c. 29
correction, you should have such agents, but re-
member that you should not believe absolutely
everything they say, but should carefully inves-
tigate their reports. For there are many who,
from various motives, — either because they hate
others or covet their possessions, or because they
want to do a favour to some one else, or because
they have demanded money from some one and have
not obtained it, — bring false charges against the
persons concerned, pretending that they are en-
gaged in sedition or are planning or saying some-
thing prejudicial to the ruler. Therefore one ought
not to give heed to them forthwith or readily, but
rather should prove everything they say. For if
you are too slow in placing your trust in one of
these men, you will suffer no great harm, but if
you are too hasty you may possibly make a mistake
which you cannot repair.

" Now it is both right and necessary for you to
honour the good who are associated with you, both
your freedmen and the rest ; for this course will
bring you credit and a large measure of security.
They should not, however, acquire excessive power,
but should all be rigorously kept under discipline,
so that you shall never be brought into discredit by
them. For ever3i;hing they do, whether good or ill,
will be set to your account, and you will yourself be
considered by the world to be of a character akin to
the conduct which you do not object to in them.

" As regards the men of power and influence, then,
you should not permit them to overreach others,
nor yet, on the other hand, to be blackmailed by
others ; neither let the mere fact that a man

177

VOL. VI. N



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DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

airro^ rovro eyKXrfjuLa, on Zvvarai, kcLv fJLfjSev

7 afiapTCLVri. toU Se Srj iroWol^ afivve fiev 1(tx^~
p&<; ahiKOVfievoif^, fiij irpoae'xe he pahiw^ airKa-
pAvoL^, aX>C avTCL tcl epya koB* iavTct i^ira^e,
p>i]T€ €9 TO irpoi'x^op irav viroirTevcov prfre t^

8 Karaheearepcp ttuvtI iriaTevayv. kol Toif<i pev
ipya^op€vov<; %/o?J(r^/ioz/ re tl T€XV(opipov<; ripa,
Tov^ S' dpyovvra^ ^ xal <f>Xavp6v ri TrpaypxiTevo-
pivov^ pi<T€i, iva T(bv pev hia to,^ wc^eXta? opcyvd-
pevoi, T&v Se Bia ra? ^rjpia^ airexopevoc, irpo^ re
ra oifceta apeivov^ Koi Trpo^ ra kolvcl avpff>op(0'
repOL aoi yiyvtovrai,

9 " l^aXov pev oiv ia-rc xal to tA t&v ISlcot&p
dpxf)iaj3rjTr]paTa a)9 iXd^io^Ta iroLovma Ta9 S^a-
\vaeL<; avr&p a><; rdxt(TTa /caOiaTdvac, KdXXitrrov
S^ TO Ta9 T&v hrjpcop oppd^ KoXoveip, k&p iirevxo'

pL€POL TlPa TTJ T€ dpxfj fCol Tjj (TCOTrjpLa TTj T€ TV^XI

<rov iK^id^eaOai Tipa^ rj irpd^aL Tt fj dvaX&aac
10 irapd Bvvapcp CTrt^^e^yowo-*, p^ eTTiTpiireiP, Ta9 T€
ex^pcL^ avT&v xal Ta9 (f)iXoTipia<; Td^ irpo^ dXXi]'
Xov^ TTavrdiraaLv iKKoiTTCtv, koI prjTe hrtavvp^ias
TLvd^ fcevds prjT aXXo tl i^ o5 hL€ve)(d'ri(TOVTaL
Tiaiv i(f)ievaL (Ti^lat iroiela'ffai, pahicd^ Se aoi
7raj/T€9 Kol €9 TttUTa Koi €9 Ta aXka zeal ihva Kal
Koivfj Treidapx^o-ovacv, dv prfhev irapd TavTa

1 aitrh M, om. V.
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BOOK LII

possesses power be imputed to him as a crime even
though he commit no offence. But in the case of
the masses^ vindicate them vigorously when they are
wronged and be not too ready to give heed to accu-
sations against them ; but make the accused persons'
actions alone and by themselves the object of your
scrutiny, neither harbouring suspicion against what-
ever is superior nor placing your trust in whatever is
inferior. Honour those who are diligent and those
who by their skill devise something useful, but ab-
hor those who are slothful or who busy themselves
with trivial things, in order that your subjects,
cleaving to the former by reason of your emolu-
ments and holding themselves aloof from the latter
by reason of your punishments, may become, as you
desire, more competent in respect to their private
affairs and more serviceable in respect to the in-
terests of the state.

" It is well to make the number of disputes on the
part of private citizens as few as possible and to
render as expeditious as possible their settlement;
but it is most important to restrain the rash enter-
prises of communities, and if they are attempting to
coerce others or to go beyond their capacity or
means in any undertaking or expenditure, to forbid
it, even though in their petitions they invoke
blessings upon the empire and pray for your welfare
and good fortune. It is important also to eradicate
their mutual enmities and rivalries, and not to
permit them to assume empty titles or to do any-
thing else that will bring them into strife with
.others. And all will readily 3rield obedience to you,
both individuals and communities, in this and in every
other matter, provided that you make no exceptions

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DIGS ROMAN HISTORY

firjBeTTOTe (Tvy)(^cop't](TTj(; rivr ^ r} yap avrofiaXia koI
11 Ta KaX&^ ireirriyoTa hiaXveL, koX Sia tovt ouS'
alrelv ti cip'xijv, o ye fjitj Scoaei^, iirLTpeTreiv aipicnv
G^eiXei,^, aWa koX avro tovto irpSyTOv la)(^upco^
<l>v\dTT€LV a^as avay/cd^ecv, to p.r)hhf d^iovv t&v

fC€Ka}Xvfl€V(DP,

38 "Tavra fiev irepX CKeivayv Xeyao, Ka6* dnavrayv
Se (Toc avfi^ovXevco fi'^r d7roxp'>]O'O'O'0ai irore rfj
i^ovaia, fii^r^ oli]0I]vai fxeicoalv nva avrrj^ elvai av
jjLTf irdvra dTrd^airXS)^ oaa hvvaaai kol iroiriari^'
aW' oa<p fjLoXXov irdvd^ oaa av jSovXrjO^^ koI
hxrprjarrf irpd^aL, Toatp fiaXXov wpoOvfiov irdvff*

2 oaa TrpoaijKet ^ovXeadai. kol del ye avro^ irapd
aavT^ i^ira^e, etre 6p6w ri Troieh etre xal
fitfj, ri re Trpdrrovrd ae ^iXrjaoval rtve^ xal
Tt fi'^, iva Tct fi€p iroi^f; avr&v rd Se iK/cXxvrj^,
firj yap Srj fiyrfiTTf ^ Zeovrco^ ti it a pa tovto irpaT-
T€iv So^eiv, &p p^rfSevo^ alTioD/juevov ae dxova'ff^'
yLti/S* dvap^ivj}^ ovtcd Tivd i/c(f>povr}aaL iroTC &(tt€

3 aoL (f)av€p&<; ti e^oveiZlaai, tovto p>ev yap ou-
S€i9 av TToi'qaeLev, ovS" el a(f)6Spa dBi/crjOeit)' irdv
ydp TovvavTLov fcal eiraivelv iroXKoX ev ye t§)
^vep^ T0U9 dScKovvTd^ a<f>a<; dvay/cd^ovTai,
dvTay(ovi^6p,€VOC p,rj Soxelv opyi^eadai, tov S'
dp'XpvTa xph M ^f ^^ Xeyovai tiv€<; Te'KpxLipe-
a6ac TTfv Sidvoiav avT&v, dXX ef &v (f>poveiv
avToif^ elKo^ eaTi,

59 "TavTa ae xal Ta TOiavTa fiovXojuai irpdTTeiv

* riv R. Steph., ri VM. • 8^ hrh^^v ^^» ^^-nyha-ni V.
i8o



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BOOK LII

whatever to this rule as a concession to anybody ; b.c. 29
for the uneven application of laws nullifies even
those which are well established. Consequently
you ought not to allow your subjects even to ask
you, in the first place, for what you are not going
to give them, but should compel them strenuously
to avoid at the outset this very practice of peti-
tioning for what is prohibited.

"So much for these things. And I counsel you
never to make full use of your power against your
subjects as a body, nor to consider it any curtailment
of your power if you do not actually put into effect
all the measures you are in a position to enforce ;
but the greater your ability to do all you desire, the
more eager you should be to desire in all things
only what it is fitting you should desire. Always
question your own heart in private whether iTtS
right or not to do a given thing, and what you
should do or refrain from doing to cause men to
love you, with the purpose of doing the one and
avoiding the other. For do not imagine that men
will think you are doing your duty if only you hear
no word of censure passed upon you ; neither must
you expect that any man will so abandon his senses
as to reproach you openly for anything you do. No
one will do this, no matter how flagrantly he has
been wronged; on the contrary, many are com-
pelled even to commend their oppressors in public,
though they must struggle to keep from showing*
their resentment. But the ruler must get at the
disposition of his subjects, not by what they say,
but by what they in all likelihood think.

"These are the things I would have you do — these
and others of like nature ; for there are many which

l8t



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DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

TToWet yap xal TrapaKeiTTO) Sia to fit) olov re elvat
nrdvTa airet KaOdira^ avWa/36vTa elnreiv. ev S*
ovv iv K€<f>dkaia> koI fcarct r&v elprjfjUvcov Koi

2 KUTct T&v XoiTTcav <j>pd(ra), av yap oaa av erepov
Tiva ap^amd aov iroLelv ideXija'D^;, ravTa avTo^
avT€7rdyy€kT0^ irpdaari^t ovre ti dfiapT'^trr) koI
nrdvTa xaTopOcoaei^, kclk tovtov xal ijSca'Ta xal

3 d/civBvvoTara fiidxTTj, ttw? fiev yhp ou;^ (09
iraTcpa, ttS^ S' ovx ^ acoTrjpa xai nrpoao'y^ovTai
<re anavre^ /cal (f>iXi]aovaiv, orav a€ optaai
Koa-fiiov eiffiioTOV einroXe/iov eipr)valov oma, orav
firfff iffipi^j}^ Ti pbrjTe irXeovcKTrj^, orav i/c tov

4 ofwiov a<f>L<Tt TTpoa-KpipT), xal firj avTo<; fiev
7rXovf§9 TOV? S' aWov<; dpyvpoXoyfj^;, firjS* avT09
fihf Tpv<f>a^ T0V9 S* aXXoi;9 Ta\anra)pfj<;, firjS*
avTO^ fi€v dKo\aa'Talvrj<; tov^ S' aXXov<; vovOerfj^;,
aXX' €9 irdma Stj irdvT(o^ oiioiorpoiroyraTa avrol^
a^i &<TT avT09 irapa aavT^ pAya <}>v\aKTi]piov
iv T^ pL'qheva irore dBiKrjo'ai exoav 0dpa€i, xal
TTLorevi p,oi X&yovTi on ovre pLiarjOriar) ttotc ovt€

6 iTn^ovKevOrjarj, tovtov he Srf ovtq)^ expVTO^
irdad ae avdyKt} KaX rjhea)^ /3i&vaL' t/ p,€V yhp
fjhioVi TV hk evhobfiovea-Tepov iaTv tov irdvTcov t&v
iv dv0p(O7roL^ dyaQ&v p>€T dp€Trj<; diroXavovTa
KaX T0?9 aXXot9 avTa SiBovai Bvvaadai;
40 ." TavTa t€ ovv KaX riXXa irdvff* oaa eipnrjKa iv-
vorjaa<: ireiaOrjTi fioc, koI fit) Trporj ttjv TV^V^t ^*^
<Te iK irdvTCOv eVeXef aro xaX irpoeaTi^a-aTo, d>^
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BOOK LII

I must pass over, since it is impossible to include b.c. :
them all in a single discussion. There is, however,
one statement which will serve as a summary with
respect both to what has been said and to what has
been left unsaid : if you of your own accord do all that
you would wish another to do if he became your
ruler, you will err in nothing and succeed in every-
thing, and in consequence you will find your life
most happy and utterly free from danger. For how
can men help regarding you with affection as father
and saviour, when they see that you are orderly and
upright in your life, successful in war though in-
clined to peace ; when you refrain from insolence
and greed; when you meet them on a footing of
equality, do not grow rich yourself while levying
tribute on them, do not live in luxury yourself
while imposing hardships upon them, are not licen-
tious yourself while reproving licentiousness in them,
— when, instead of all this, your life is in every
way and manner precisely like theirs } Therefore,
since you have in your own hands a mighty means
of protection, — that you never do wrong to another,
— be of good courage and believe me when I tell
you that you will never become the object of hatred
or of conspiracy. And since this is so, it follows of
necessity that you will also lead a happy life ; for
what condition is happier, what more blissful, than,
possessing virtue, to enjoy all the blessings which
men can know and to be able to bestow them upon
others ?

'^ Think upon these things and upon all that I have
told you, and be persuaded of me, and let not this
fortune slip which has chosen you from alT mankind
ftnd has set you up as their ruler. For, if you

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DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

€1 ye TO fiev Trpay/xa to ttj^ fiovafrxjia^ cilp^, to S'
Svofia TO T^9 ^aatXeia^ ci)9 fcal iirdpaTov (j>o/3fi,
TOVTO fL€V fjLTj TTpoaXdlSfj*;, TTj Sk Stf Tov KaL<Tapo<;
2 irpOfTYiyopia XP^f^^^^ avTapxet. el S' oJfV Koi
aXXo)!/ Tiv&v eiTLKkriaeoiv TrpoaSerj, Swaovai fiev
aoi TTfv TOV avTOfcpdTopo<;, &<nrep Kal t^ iraTpi
aov eScoKav, (Te/3iov<Ti Be ae koX hipa tivI irpoa-'
placet, &<TTe (T€ irav to t^9 /SatrikeLa^ epyov avev
TOV T^9 iTTcovvfiUi^ avTrj<; ewKpOopov KapirovcrOai.^^
41 yLaiKrjva^i fiev raOra eliroDV iiravaaTO, o hk Srj
Kaiaap ap^OTepov^; p,ev a'<f>a^ /cal 67rl tj} iroXvvova
Kol eirl Tfj TToXvXoyia ttj t€ irappr^aia ia')(yp&<;
eirrjveaet tcl he Si) tov MatKijvov p^XKov eXXeTO.
ov p^evToi Kal travTa evOif^ &a"Trep vireTeOeiTO
ewpa^e, <f>ol3rj0eU p^i) xal a-<f>aXfj ti, dOpoox;

2 pjeTappvdpiaai tov<; dvdpdjwov^; i0eXi](Ta<;' dXXd
TCi psv Trapa'Xprjp^ p^eTeKoap/qae tcl S' vaTepov,
Kal Tiva Kal toI<; p^erd TavTa ap^ovav iroirjcrai
KaTeXiirev ©9 Kal KaTa Kaipov p^dXXov ev T(p
yjiovtp yevTjaop^eva, Kal avT^ Kal 6 * Aypimra^;
7r/0O9 irdvTa, KaCirep Tr)v evavTiav a<f>i<Ti yvdp^rjv
Bov^, npoOvp^oTaTa avvrjpaTO, wairep av el Kal
earf^Y^TT)^ avT&v eyeyovei,

3 TaCra re 6 Kal<rap, Kal ^ oaa dv<o pxH tov
Xoyov etprjTai, eirpa^ev ev t& eTei eKeivtp ev &
TO irepnTTOV vwdTevae, kuI ttjv tov avTOKpd-

^ 6 Kaiffop Koi R. Steph. , Koi 6 Kai<rap VM,

^ A reference to the title of *' Augustus." The Greek
verb ff€fii(tivj here rendered by this long phrase for the sake

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BOOK LII

prefer the monarchy in fact but fear the title of
^king' as being accursed, you have but to decline
this title and still be sole ruler under the appel-
lation of ^Caesar/ And if you require still other
epithets, your people will give you that of ^ imperaior *
as they gave it to your father ; and they will pay
reverence to your august position ^ by still another
term of address, so that you will enjoy fully the
reality of the kingship without the odium which
attaches to the name of ' king/ "

Maecenas thus brought his speech to an end.
And Caesar heartily commended both him and
AgripjMTTor the wealth of their ideas and of their
arguments and also for their frankness in expressing
them ; but he preferred to adopt the advice of
Maecenas. He did not, however, immediately put
into effect all his suggestions, fearing to meet with
failure at some point if he purposed to change the
ways of all mankind at a stroke ; but he introduced
some reforms at the moment and some at a later
time, leaving still others for those to effect who
should subsequently hold the principate, in the
belief that as time passed a better opportunity would
be found to put these last into operation. And
Agrippa, also, although he had advised against these
policies, cooperated with Caesar most zealously in
respect to all of them, just as if he had himself pro*
posed them.

These and all the rest that I have recorded earlier
in this narrative were the acts of Caesar in the year
in which he was consul for the fifth time ; and he

of the word-play, is from the same root as "X^fiaffrSsi the
usual term for Augustus (cf. liii. 16, 8). Dio, however, regu-
larly transliterates the Roman title, when he uses it j but he
generally refers to Augustus as Caesar.

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DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

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(ixeLvrfv yap iroWaKi^ fjukv kol irpOTepov iroWaKL^
Sk Kol varepov air avT&v t&v epycov eKa/Sev,
4 &aTe Kal aira^ koI el/co(rd/ci<;^ Svofia avro/cpa-
Topo9 (T'Xjnv) aXKa rrjv erepav TtfV to Kpdro^;
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iyjn]<j>i(rTO.
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aXKa T€ Tiva BicopOcoae fcal jrjv /3ov\r)V e^rjTaae.
TToXXoi pL€v yap iirnrrff; ttoXKoX he koX Trefol irapa
TTjv d^Lav €/c T&v ifju^vKmv iroXifioDV i^ovkevov,
&(TTe Kal €9 x^^^^^^ "^^ irXripcoixa T?j9 yepovala^