Dio's Roman history, with an English translation online

by default, on the supposition that they intended to
flee ; and a little latter they were slain. Murena
found neither Proculeius, his brother, nor Mae-
cenas, his sister s husband, of any avail to save him,
though these men were most highly honoured by
Augustus. And inasmuch as some of the jurymen
voted to acquit even these conspirators, the emperor
made a law that in trials at which the defendant
was not present the vote should not be taken
secretly and the defendant should be convicted only
by a unanimous vote. Now that he took these
measures, not in anger, but as really conducive to

289

VOL. VI. u



Digitized by VjOOQIC



DIO S ROMAN HISTORY

7 povra T(p Srjfwaiq) Siera^ev, layvpw SUBei^e' tov
yovv irarpbf; tov KaiTrucovo^ tov fiev erepov t&v
SovXcov T&v avfi(f>vy6vT(ov t& vlel iXevOepdxiavTO^,
OTi afivvai ol OvijaKOVTt Tjdikrja-e, tov oe^ erepov
TOV TrpoSovTa avTOV hid re t^? dyopa<; fiiarjf; fxeTcu
ypa/Jb/JbaTOOv ttjv aWLav t^9 OavaTcoaeco^ avTov
SrjXovvTcov Siayay6vT0<; /cal fiCTCi TavTa ava-

8 (TTavpaxravTo^, ovk '^yavaxTTjo'e. xav i^rjKeaaTO
Trdaav ttjv t&v ovk dpea/cofievtov rot? irpaxOeuri
fiifiyjrcv, el fir) koI dvaia^ co? ^ KciX iTrl vIkt) tivX
Kot ylrr](f>ia-0€L(ra<i irepielSe kol y€vofi€va<;,

4 Tore S' oiv kuI ttjv Kvirpov xal ttjv VaXaTiav
TTJV ^apl3cov7j(TLav direhtOKe T(p hrjfu^ w firjBev
T&v oirXcov avTov heofiiva^* koll oSto)? avdviraTOi

2 KaX €9 eKelva tcl eOvrj TrefiTreaOai ffp^avTO. xal
TOV TOV Ato9 TOV BpovT&VT09 €TriKaXovfiivov vaov
KaOieptoae' irepl ov hvo Tama irapahehoTai, otl
TOTS T€ iv Tjj lepovpylcL /3povTal iyivovTO, /cal
fi€Td TavTa ovap T<p Kvyov(TT(p TOiovSe eiredTr),
T&v yap dvdp&Trmv, to fiev ti tt/oo? to ^ivov /cal
TOV 6vo/jbaTO<; avTOv /cal tov eifSou?, to Se /cal otl

3 i/TTo TOV AvyovcTov XhpvTO, fieyicTOV 8k oti
irpcoTtp ol dvi6vT€9 €9 TO KaTTiTtoXtov iveTvyx^'VOV,
TTpoa-epyofjUvcDV t€ avT&^ /cal ae^ovToov, eSofe
TOV Ava TOV iv Tq> fieydX(p va^ ovTa opyrjv co9
Kal Ta SevTcpa avTov (f>€p6fi€vov TroiecaOai, /cal
i/c TOVTOV i/c€Lvq) T€ elirelv eXeyev otl TTpo<f)vXaKa

4 TOV TipovT&vTa e^oi, /cal €7reiS^ fjpApa iyiveTO,
K&hcova avT(p irepiri'^e, ^e^av&v ttjv ovelpm^iv *

1 rhy 8€ Bk., rivit Ve VM, 2 ^^ q^^i^^ ^, y, om. M.
^ owTy R. Steph. , ahrSov VM.
* ovcipa^iy M, hyeipa^iy V.



290



Digitized by VjOOQIC



BOOK LIV

the public good, he gave very strong proof ; at any b.c. 22
rate, when Caepio's father freed one of the two
slaves who had accompanied his son in his flight
because this slave had wished to defend his young
master when he met his death, but in the case of
the second slave, who had deserted his son, led him
through the midst of the Forum with an inscription
making known the reason why he was to be put to
death, and afterwards crucified him, the emperor was
not vexed. Indeed, he would have allayed all the
criticism of those who were not pleased with what had
been done, had he not gone further and permitted
sacrifices to be both voted and offered as for a victory.
It was at this time that he restored to the people
both Cyprus and Gallia Narbonensis as districts no
longer needing the presence of his armies ; and thus
proconsuls began to be sent to those provinces also.
He also dedicated the temple of Jupiter Tonans.
Concerning this temple two stories have been handed
down, first, that at that time claps of thunder occurred
when the ritual was being performed, and, second,
that at a later time Augustus had a dream as follows.
The people, he thought, approached Jupiter who is
called Tonans and did reverence to him, partly be-
cause of the novelty of his name and of the form of
his statue, and partly because the statue had been
set up by Augustus, but chiefly because it was the
first they encountered as they ascended the Capitol ;
and thereupon the Jupiter in the great temple
was angry because he was now reduced to second
place as compared with the other. At this, Augustus
related, he said to Jupiter Capitolinus, '* You have
Tonans as your sentinel '* ; and when it was day, he
attached a bell to the statue as confirmation of the

291



Digitized by VjOOQIC



DIO S ROMAN HISTORY

oi yap Ta9 avvoixia^ vvKTcop <f)v\d<TaovT€^ KcoSaovo-
<f>opov(nv, OTTG)? arjfiaiveiv a<f>l(nv oirorav herj-
O&ai^ BvvcovTai.
5 *Ev fj^v hrj rfj 'Pcofir) TavT iyiyvcTO, vtto Se Srj
TOV<; avTov^ tovtou<; )(p6vov<i /cal oi Kavra/Spoi
OL T€ ''A<TTvp€^ iiroXefirjaav av0t^,^ ovroi fiev oid
re Tpv(f>rjv kcu Si* cofior^jra tov KupKriov, oi Be
Sf) Kavra^poi, iTrevBr) ifceivov^ re veoDTepi^ovra^
'^aOovTO Kol TOV ap'XpvTo^ atpcov Vatov <PovpvLov
KaT€(f>p6vrja'av, ore re vecoarl cul>iKT0 koI otc
aireipov avrov t&v irap eavroh irpayiidTfinv elvat

2 eBo^av, ov fievroi xal iv t^ €py^ toiovt6<; <T<f>iatv
i<f>dvi], aW' '^TTfjOivre^ dfKporepoi xnr avrov (/cat
yctp T^ Kapiaiq) irpoarjixwev) iBovXcoOrfcav. xal
T&v fih KavTa/Speov oi) iroXKoX edXaxrav eTreiBif
yap dvekinaTOv rrjv ikevdepiav eaxov, ovBk ^ijv

3 rjOeKrjaav, aX>C oi fiev ra ipvfiaTa irpoe/JLirpi]'
aavre^ eavToif^ direa-^a^av, oi Bk /cal ixeivot^
eOeXovTol (TvyKareKauOrja-av, aWoi Brj/jLotria (pap-
fid/CQ)v iveTrXTja-drja-av, were to re irXelarov KaX
TO dypKOTaTOv axn&v ^daprfvar oi S' "Aarvpe^
ft)9 rdxia-Ta %ft)/9toi/ re ri iroXiopKOvvre^ dTrrjXd-
Orjaav /cal fidxv /J^era rovr ivLXTjOrja-av, ovkct
dvTTJpav dXiC evdif^ ex^ipdOrja-av.

4 'Ttto Bk TOV avTov TovTov xp^^^^ ^^ AlOLoire^
oi virkp AlyvTTTOV ol/covvre^ Trpoexdyprfcav fiev
fiexpf* T^9 TToXect)? T^9 ^EX€(l>avTivr)<; &vofxaafievr)^,
irdvra tcl iv iroal TropOovvTe^^ fjyovfievi'}^ cipia'cv
KavBd/crf(;* irvOofievot Be ivraOOd irov Tdiov
Herpcoviov tov t^9 AiyvTrrov apxovra irpoaievat,



^ Beriduffi Diud., BvyTiduffi VM.
* aZOis Xyl, a^roTs VM



292



Digitized by VjOOQIC



BOOK LIV

vision. For those who guard communities at night b.c. 22
carry a bell, in order to be able to signal to the
inhabitants whenever they need to do so.

These were the events that occurred in Rome ;
and at about this same period the Cantabri and the
Astures broke out into war again, the Astures on
account of the luxurious ways and cruelty of Carisius,
and the Cantabri because they perceived that the
others were in revolt and because they despised their
own governor, Gaius Fumius, since he had but
lately arrived and they supposed that he was
unacquainted with conditions among them. Never-
theless, he did not appear to them that sort of man
when it came to action ; for they were defeated and
reduced to slavery by him, and the Astures likewise,
since he also aided Carisius. Not many of the
Cantabri were captured; for when they had no
hope of freedom, they did not chose to live, either,
but some set their forts on fire and cut their own
throats, and others of their own choice remained
with them and were consumed in the flames^ while
yet others took poison in the sight of all. Thus the
most of them and the fiercest element perished. As
for the Astures, as soon as they had been repulsed
while besieging a certain stronghold and had later
been defeated in battle, they offered no further resist-
ance, but were promptly subdued.

About this same time the Ethiopians, who dwell
beyond Egypt, advanced as far as the city called
Elephantine, with Candace as their leader, ravaging
everything they encountered. At Elephantine, how-
ever, learning that Gaius ^ Petronius, the governor of
Egypt, was approaching, they hastily retreated before

^ Pliny {Nat. Hist. vi. 181) calls him Publius.

293



Digitized by VjOOQIC



DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

irpoairriKOov fikv w? xal Sia<f>€V^6fJL€V0if KaToXrj-

<f>0€VT€^ Bh iv T^ 6B^ '^TTfjOrfO-aV, KCLK TOVTOV KttX

5 €9 rrjv olKeLav avrov iTrea-TrdaavTO. xal koXw
KoX €Kei wya>VLadfievo<; TroXe^? aXKa<i re ^ KaX Ttfv
NairaTTjv^ to jSaaiXeiov air&v eKa^ev} koX
ifceivT) jLiev KareaKa^r}, iv erep^ Si tivi X^P^^
<f)povpcb KaT€\€L(f>07}' * o yap TleTpcovio^ ixrfre
TrepaiTepeo Bid re rrjv afjbfiov koX Bia to Kavfia
irpoekOelv firjTe tcaTa ^ci/^av ficTcb iravTO^ tov
(TTpaTov fieivai koXw Bvvr^Oeh ai/ep^(»/w;<r€, to

6 TrXelov avTOv iirayofievo^. kclv T0VT<p t&v At-
dioTTtov Tot9 (ppovpoi^ iiTidefJiivc^v aJfffh re iir
ainov^ ia-TpaTevae, KaX rot'? <T^€Tepov<; ippvaaTO,
KaX Trjv KavBdKTjv a-vfi^rjvai ol rjvdyKaacv.

6 'El/ c5 S^ TavTa iyiyvero, 6 AvyovaTO^ €9
XiKcTUav ffKdev, oiray^: KaX iKeivrjv KaX ToXKa tcl
fiexpf' T^9 ^vpia^ KaTaa-TTja-qTai. KaX avTov
ivTavOa er ovto<; 6 Brjfio^ t&v 'PtofjLaicov tou9
virdTov^ yetpoTOvcov iaTaaiacev, &a-T€ koX ck
TOVTOV Btaoecx'^V^^'' ^^^ dBvvaTov fjv BrjfWKpaTOV-

2 fiivov^ (T(f>a^ acoOrjvat, fiLKpov yovv Tti/09 ev t€
Ta?9 dpx<iip€(rLat^ KaX iv Ta?9 dpxoZ^ avTal^
KvpievovT€<; iOopv^rjaav. iTrjpecTO fiev yap t)
€T€pa X^P^ '^^ AvyovaT(p, KaX Bia tovto Map^09
AoWft09 KaT dpx^^ TOV eT0V9 fi6vo<; fjp^ev^ iKei-
vov Bk ^ firj Be^afiivov avTtjv Ki}«i/to9 tc AiinBo^;
KoX AovKio<; %i\ovavo<; iairovBapxicKraVy KaX
ovTO) y€ irdvTa avveTdpa^av &<tt€ KaX tov Avyov-

3 (TTOv virb T&v ifJi<f>p6vcov dvaKXrjdTJvat, iireiBr) Bk

^ T€ supplied by Rk. ^ Nairirijv Dind., ravJinriv VM Xiph.
' fiaffi\9iov avr&v f AajScv Xiph. , $affi\€iov iiv4\a$€v VM. .
* KaT€\€l<f>eri Xiph., Kar€X'fi<l>eri VM. « 8^ M, «€ ^ V.

294



Digitized by VjOOQIC



BOOK LIV

he arrived, hoping to make good their escape. But
being overtaken on the road, they were defeated and
thus drew him after them into their own country.
There, too, he fought successfully with them, and
took Napata, their capital, among other cities. This
place was razed to the ground, and a garrison left at
another point ; for Petronius, finding himself unable
either to advance farther, on account of the sand and
the heat, or advantageously to remain where he was
with his entire army, withdrew, taking the greater
part of it with him. Thereupon the Ethiopians at-
tacked the garrisons, but he again proceeded against
them, rescued his own men, and compelled Candace
to make terms with him.

While this was going on, Augustus went to Sicily in
order to settle affairs in that island and elsewhere as
far as Syria. While he was still there, the Roman popu-
lace fell to quarrelling over the election of the consuls.
This incident showed clearly that it was impossible for
a democratic government to be maintained among
them; at any rate, although they had but little
authority either in the matter of the elections or of the
offices themselves, they fell to rioting. One of the
consulships, it seems, was being kept for Augustus,
and accordingly at the beginning of the year Marcus
Lollius alone entered upon office ; but when the em-
peror would not accept the position, Quintus Lepidus
and Lucius Silvanus became rival candidates and threw
everything into such turmoil that Augustus was sum-
moned home by those who retained their senses. He



295



Digitized by VjOOQIC



DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

ot'X vTriaTpeyfte fiev, €\66vra<; fie avroif^ Trpo^
avTov diriTrefiyJrev i7nTifn]a'a<; ar^icn koI KeKevaa^
dfi(f>oT€p(ov avT&v airovTtov rrjv yfnj<f)ov SoO^vac,
ovSev fidWov rjairxaaav, aXKa koX ttolvv av6i<;
8ct]V€)(^0']]aav, &<TT€ TOP AcTTcSop o'^e 7rOT€ alp€'

4 Orjvai. dyavaKTrjca^ ovv iirX T0VT(p 6 Avyova'To<;,
/cal p/qre fioprf rfj ^Pcofirj axoXd^eiv Supdfievo^ ixtjt
aZ apap^op avrfjp /caToXtTrecp to\/jl&p, efi^re*
Tcpd avTfi i'TTio'Tija'ai, koX expcpe ficp top 'Ay/otTT-

6 Trap iTTiTrjBeiOTaTOP €9 tovto elpai, jSovKrfffeU Se
Bif Kcu d^Lcofia avT^ puel^op Trepideipai, 7pa koI €k
TOVTOV paop avT&p dpXV> P'^TerrefiyjraTO avrop,
/cat KarapayKdaa^ ttjv yvpaiKa, Kaiirep dB€\<l>iSrjp
avTOv oJjaaPt diraXKa^apTa rfj ^lovXia avpoiKr)-
(Tai, €9 T7IP * P(o firjp irapa'XPVH'CL xal im t^ ydfi<p
/cat iirl Tji T^9 7ro\€G)9 Biax€ipi(r€i eirefiyjre, Bid t€
T&Wa Kol OTC 6 MatKijpa<; avfi^ovXevofiepq) oi
TT€pl avT&p rovTcop eiTTelp Xiyerat oti " ttjXi-
KOVTOP avTOp 7r€'7roLr}Ka<; &(tt fj f^/ajx^pop <tov

6 y€P€(T0ai fj ^opevdrfpaiy koX 09 ra /jl€P aXXa
olBovpra €Ti evpwp KaTeaTtjaaTO, rd re Upd rd
AlyvTTTca iireatoPTa atfOi^ €9 to aa-Tv dpiaretXep,
direLTrcop firjBepa firjBe ip Ta> Trpoaa-Teicp avrd ipTO<;
oyBoov rjfuaraBiov iroLelp' Tapaxv^ Be tlpo^ irepX
Tr)p^ Tov TToXidpxov Tov Btd Ta9 dpox^^^ alpov-
jjApov ;)^et/90T0i/tai/ a-vfi^da'7}<; ov/c iireKpdvriaev
ai5T^9, dXkd ap€V ti)9 dpxv^ ravTrj<; top ipiavTOP
ifcetpop BieyepopTo,

^ rijy supplied by R. Steph.
296



Digitized by VjOOQIC



BOOK LIV

would not return, however, and when the two b.c. 21
candidates themselves came to him, he rebuked them
and sent them away, giving orders that the vote
should be taken during the absence of them both ;
thereupon the people were no more quiet than
before, but fell into great strife again, until at last
Lepidus was chosen. Augustus was displeased at the
incident, for he could not devote all his time to Rome
alone and did not dare to leave' the city in a state of
anarchy ; accordingly, he sought for some one to set
over it, and judged Agrippa to be most suitable for
the purpose. And as he wished to invest him,
with a dignity above the ordinary, in order that he\
might govern the people more easily, he summoned \
him, compelled him to divorce his wife, although she \
was the emperor's own niece, and to marry Julia ; 1
and he sent him to Rome at once to attend both to
the wedding and to the administration of the city.
This step is said to have been taken partly on the
advice of Maecenas, who in counselling him upon \
these very matters said : *^ You have made him so '^
great that he must either become your son-in-law or /
be slain." Agrippa, then, checked whatever other
ailments he found still festering, and curtailed the
Egyptian rites which were again invading the city,
forbidding anyone to perform them even in the
suburbs within one mile of the city.^ And when a
disturbance arose over the election of the prefect of
the city, the official chosen on account of the Feriae,^
he did not succeed in quelling it, but they went
through that year without this official.

1 Cf. note on li. 19, 6.

^ The prefect of the city was appointed to have charge of
the city during the absence of the two consuls in attendance
upon the celebration at the Alban Mount.

297



Digitized by VjOOQIC



DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

7 Kal 6 fi€v TavT eirparrev, 6 hi Avyova-ro^ rd
re aXKa ret iv rfj zifceXia SioiKi]aa<:, xal tA?
^vpa/cova-a^^ eripa^ re TLva<; ttoXjbi^^ diroiKOV^;
^V(Ofial(ov airohei^a^; €9 Tr}v 'EWaSa iirepaicoOr),

2 /cat AaKcSaifioviov^ jxev to?9 re YjuOrfpoi^ koX rrj
(Tvaania iTL/Jbrjaev, on rj Aiovia, ore ix r^
'IraXta? avv re t^ avSpl koI cvv t^ vUi €<f>vy€v,
i/cet SieTpiyjrev' ^KOrjvaifov hi rrjv t€ Atyivav /cat
rrjv ^Eperpiav {eKapirovvTO ycbp avrd^), o)9 rive^
(fyacnv, d^eiXeTO, on rov ^AvTcoviov iairovhaaav,
Kal irpoaeTi koX dTrrfyopevai af^itn firjhiva ttoXlttjv

3 dpyvpCov TTOcelaffai. /cat avroU €9 ravra eSofe
TO T& T^9 ^AOrfvdf; dr/d\fuiTi trv/jL/Sav d'jroo'/crjyftar
iv yap rfj dxpoiroXei irpb^^ dvaroX&v Ihpv/jiipov
TTpo^ T€ 7^9 hva-fid^ fieT€trT pd(f>rf zeal alfia aTre-

4 TTTvaev. 6 S* ovv* Avyovaro^ to tc ^EiXKrjvtKOV
hii]yay€ xal 69 ^dfjLov errXeva-ev, ivravOd re e^^i-
fUKTe, /cat €9 TTfv ^Aciav iv t& Ijpi iv oS Mdp/co<;
T€ ^AirovXiiiy;^ Kal IIoihrXio<; 2tXto9 {nrdreva-av
KOfiiaOel^ Trdvra rd re iKcl Kal rd iv ry IBiOvvua

5 hih-a^ev, ovy on rov hrifiov Kal ravra rd eOvrj
Kal rd TT pore pa ihoKei elvac iv oXiyeopia avrd
Troirja-dfievof;, dXXd Kal irdvv iravrtov a^&v «9*
/cal iavrov ovrcov impueX'qOei^* rd re ydp dXXa
oaairep Kal irpoarfKOV fjv iirrjvcopOcoa-e, Kal Yp^-
fjLara T0t9 fiev iirehcoKc rol^ he Kal vrrep rov <f>opov

6 iaeveyKelv irpoaera^e* rov<; re Kv^iki]vov<;, on
*V(»>iiaiov^ nvd^ iv a-rdtrei fia&nydixTavre^ drre-
Kreivav, ihovXcoaaro, Kal rovro koI tou9 Tvpiov^

* "^ZvpaKovffas R. Steph., ffvpaKouffffas VM.

* ir6\€ts M, om. V. ^ xphs Reim., tJ vphs VM.

* 5* oZy Pflugk, yovv VM. » 'ArovKiios Bs., iirovXioi VM.



298



Digitized by VjOOQIC






BOOK LIV

While Agrippa was thus occupied, Augustus, after b.c. 21
arranging various matters in Sicily and making
Roman colonies of Syracuse and certain other
cities, crossed over into Greece. He honoured the
Lacedaemonians by giving them Cythera and at-
tending their public mess, because Livia, when she
fled from Italy with her husband and son,^ had spent
some time there. But from the Athenians he took
away Aegina and Eretria, from which they received
tribute, because, as some say, they had espoused the
cause of Antony ; and he furthermore forbade them
to make anyone a citizen for money. And it seemed
to them that the thing which had happened to the
statue of Athena was responsible for this misfortune ;
for this statue on the Acropolis, which was placed
to face the east, had turned around to the west and
spat blood. Augustus, now, after transacting what
business he had in Greece, sailed to Samos, where f

he passed the winter ; and in the spring of the year b.c. 20 ^i

when Marcus Apuleius and Publius Silius were J

consuls, he went on into Asia, and settled everything J

there and in Bithynia. For although these provinces i

as well as those previously mentioned were regarded I

as belonging to the people, he did not for that i;^

reason neglect them, but gave most careful attention
to them all, as if they were his own. Thus he [

instituted various reforms, so far as seemed desirable,
and made donations of money to some, at the same Vi

time commanding others to contribute an amount |:

in excess of the tribute. He reduced the people of
Cyzicus to slavery because during a factious quarrel
they had flogged and put to death some Romans.
And when he reached Syria, he took the same action

1 Cf. xlviii. 15.

299



Digitized by VjOOQIC



DIG'S ROMAN HISTORY

T0U9 re XiSfoviovt; Sicb ra? (TTdaei^ iiroiricev, ev
rfi^ Xvpia yevofievo^,^
8 Kav Tovrq) 6 ^pauTr)^ (pofirjffel^ firj xal iiri-
(TTparevari ol, otc firfBcTro) r&v av^Keifievwv
iireiron^Kec ti, rd re (Xrjiiela avr^^ koX tou?
aixP'Okmrov^;, irXrjv oXiycov ot vir* ala")(yvrj<; a(l>d^
€<l)U€Lpav rj KoX Karii x^P^^ Xa06vT€<; ejieivav,

2 dTreirefiyfte, /cat avTov<; €Kelvo^ co? koX TroXi/Kp
Tti/l TOP UdpOov vevifcrjKO)^ eXa/Se' fcal ykp iirl
rovToi<%^ i^povei fiiya, Xiycov on ra irpoTepov
irore iv Tac<; fid'^^ai^ diroXofieva aKOvtrl iKCKo-

3 fiKTTO. dpAXei Kol Ovaia^ eV avToh fcal vewv
"A/ocG)? Tificopov iv T^ KaTnTcoXi^, xarct to tov
Ato9 tov ^epcTpiov ^rjXtofia, tt/oo? Tr)v t&v
arffieicov avdOeciv /cat y^i^ia-drfvaL'^eKiXeva-e Koi
€iroir}(r€, Koi irpoaiTL koi iirl KeXrjTo^ 69 ttiv
TToXiv iorrjXaae Koi dylrcSt TpOTraioifiopfp iTifiTjSrj,

4 TavTa fiev iir* eKeivoi^ vaTcpov i'TrpdyOrj' t6t€ Sk
aifTo^ T€ TrpoaTdTTj^ t&v TrepX ttjv VayjJL'qv oh&v
aipedel^ koL to ypvaovv fiiXiov k€kXi]/j4vov
€(TT7j(T€, /cat oSoiroiov^ avTol^ i/c T&v eo'TpaTrjyrj-
KOTtov, pa^Bovyoi^; Bvo ^/^w/ieVou?, irpoaeTa^.

6 KoX rj 'louXta tov Tdcov ovofiaaOevTa €T€K€, /Sov-
Ovaia T€ T49 T0L9 yevedXLoif; avTov duBio^ iSoOrj'
KOL TOVTO fi€v €K '\{rr}(f)La'fJLaTO^, &(nTep ttou xal

' Tp M, om. V.

^ ycv6fAcvos — rhv rod Kvpl (chap. 19, 4) omitted in V, whose
archet3rpe L had lost five folios at this point.
^ aury Xiph., avrav M.
* iv\ ro{frois supplied by Reim. from Xiph.

^ That is, he celebrated an ovatio. '^ Curator viarum.

^ The milliarium aureum stood at the north end of the
Forum near the Temple of Saturn, marking the point where

300



Digitized by VjOOQIC



BOOK LIV

in the case of the people of Tyre and Sidon on b.c. 20
account of their factious quarrelling.

Meanwhile Phraates, fearing that Augustus would
lead an expedition against him because he had not
yet performed any of his engagements, sent back to
him the standards and all the captives, with the
exception of a few who in shame had destroyed
themselves or, eluding detection, remained in the
country. Augustus received them as if he had
conquered the Parthian in a war ; for he took great
pride in the achievement, declaring that he had
recovered without a struggle what had formerly been
lost in battle. Indeed, in honour of this success he
commanded that sacrifices be decreed and likewise a
temple to Mars Ultor on the Capitol, in imitation of
that of Jupiter Feretrius, in which to dedicate the
standards ; and he himself carried out both decrees.
Moreover he rode into the city on horseback ^ and.
was honoured with a triumphal arch. Now all this
was done later in commemoration of the event ; but
at the time of which we are speaking he was chosen
commissionei* of all the highways in the neigh-
bourhood of Rome,^ and in this capacity set up the
golden mile-stone,3 as it was called, and appointed
men from the number of the ex-praetors, each with
two lictors, to attend to the actual construction of
the roads. And Julia gave birth to a boy, who
received the name Gains ; and a permanent annual '
sacrifice on his birthday was granted. Now this, like
all the other acts mentioned, was done in pursuance

all the great roads met. It was a column covered with gilt
bronze, and was engraved with the names of the more
important cities of the empire with their distances from
Rome. Distances were actually measured, however, from
the city gates.

301



Digitized by VjOOQIC



DIO*S ROMAN HISTORY

ToXXa, iy€V€TO' ihia Se S^ oi af^opavofiot, IttttO'
Spofiiav T€ iv T0A9 rou Avyovarov yeve0\iot^ teal
dijpicov a(f>aya^ iiroLriaav.
9 'El/ fikv oZv Tjj TToKei ravr eTrpaTrero, 6 Se
Avyovarof; to fiev vttij/coov xarct ra r&v 'Fcofialcov
€$7) Si(p/€€i, TO Be evaiTovhov T(p iraTpiq) (T(f>i<TL
TpoTTfp eia^ ap^eaOar ouS' rj^iaxrev ovtc i/c€iv<p^
Ti irpoadeadai ovt€ €T€p6v tv TrpoaKTijaaaOac,
aXX' a/cpifi&^ apKelaOav to?9 v7rdp')(ovaiv iSi-

2 KaioVy KaX tovto koI ttj ^ovXfj iTriaTccXev. &aT€
TToXkfJLOv fjL€P ovBh TOTS J i^i]y}raT0, SvvaaTeia^
Be Bfj ^laix^Lx(p T€ Tft> ^lafjbj^Xixov Tr}v t&v
^Apa^Loyv Tr]v iraTp(pav tcaX TapKovBifjLOTep t^
Tap/covBifjbOTOv Tr)V t^9 K4\fc/cta9, ffv 6 iraTTfp av-
Tov ea'XjE, 7r\r)v TrapadaXaaacBiayv tlv&v eBco/cev
eKelva yap T(p ^Kp')(ekd(p ueTct t^9 afiLKpoTepa^
'A/3/t€wa9 exapLaaTOy on o M^8o9 o irplv avTris

3 ^aaCKevcav eTcffv^/cei, tcS re ^HpcoBp TtrjvoBipov
Tivo^ rerpapxicLv, seal McOpiBdrij rivlWijv Ko/a-
fiayqvrjv, eTrecBrj rov irarepa avTov 6 ^aacKeiff;
avT7]f; dire/CTOPeL, /catTOt iracBia-Kq) er ovtv eire-

4 rpeyjre. t&v re ^Ap/juevLoyv r&v erepeov rov re
^Aprd^ov^ /caT7]yop7]advT(0P Koi top Tiypdprjp
TOP d£e\(f>op avTou ep rfi 'Pwfir} optu fieraTrefiy^a-
/jLCPcop, eaTeCKe^ top TL/3epiop, 07rft)9 top fxep
eK^dXy T% jSaatXeia^, top Be 69 avrfjp diro/caTa-

5 aTTjari, koX eirpdxOt] fiep ovBep r^ irapaaKevrj^
avTOV a^iop' oi yap ^Ap/xepioi top ApTd^rjp
irpoaireKTeipap' 6 S' oifp Tc^epio^, aWft)9 re xai

^ eta Leuncl., &el M. ^ iK€[if(fi Bk., iKtlvup M.
^ *A/)T<{{ow St., iprdCov M (and similarly just below).
■* lfffT€i\€ Bk., fi€T4ar(i\( M.

302



Digitized by VjOOQIC



BOOK LIV

of a decree ; on their own initiative^ however, the b.c. 20
aediles gave games in the Circus and a slaughter of
wild beasts on Augustus' birthday.

This is what was going on in the city. Augustus
administered the subject territory according to the
customs of the Romans, but permitted the allied na-
tions to be governed in their own traditional manner ;
and he did not regard it as desirable either to make
any additions to the former or to extend the latter
by any new acquisitions, but thought it best to be satis-
fied with precisely what they already possessed, and
he communicated this opinion to the senate. There-
fore he undertook no war, at any rate for the time
being, but actually gave away certain principahties
— to lambHchus, the son of lamblichus, his ancestral
dominion over the Arabians, and to Tarcondimotus,
the son of Tarcondimotus, the kingdom of Cilicia,
which his father had held, except for a few places
on the coast. These latter together with Lesser
Armenia he granted to Archelaus, because the Mede,
who previously had ruled them, was dead. To