Paper and its uses : a treatise for printers, stationers and others online

ammonia. The surface of the paper is thus partially
dissolved, and the paper is washed, rolled, and dried. If
a thick sheet is desired, thinner sheets are brought
together while wet and consolidated by rolling.

Wiping-off Papers. Papers used for relief stamping
machines, usual substance demy 20 to 30 Ib. ; in widths
2 inches, 2\ inches, 3 inches, 3^ inches, 4 inches, 5
inches, 6 inches, 7 inches, 7! inches, 9 inches,
loj inches.

Wrapping Papers are described under the heads of Bag,
Biscuit Caps, Browns, Caps, Carbolic, Casings, Cork,
Corrugated, Cutlery, Drapers, Fruit, Grocery, Hosiery,
Kraft, Parchment, Rocket, Royal Hands, Sealings, Shops,
Skips, Small Hands, Sulphite Browns, Tea Cartridges,
Tobacco Papers. Sizes, weights, and prices on page 142.

Writings. Hard-sized papers of all kinds are suitable for
writing, but an even paper of good surface is essential.
See under Account Book, Bank-note, Banks, Bill, Cheque,
Ledger, Lined Brief, Loan, Safety Cheque, Silurian,
Typewriting, Vellum Papers. Sizes, weights, and prices
on pp. 138-39.



TABLES OF SIZES, WEIGHTS, AND
PRICES

SIZES OF NOTE AND LETTER PAPERS

Arranged Alphabetically



Fancy Names.


Size in
Inches.


Cut Paper Sizes.


Size in
Inches.


Albert


3fx6


Copy 4to -


7f X 9 |


Czarina


4x6


i, 8vo


4f xyi


Duchess -


4^x6


Demy 4to


7| x 9


Duke


4J x 6 f


8vo


4jx7i


Emperor -


5i x 7i


Foolscap folio -


8x13


Empire


4ix6i


4to -


6jx8


Princeps -


4ixsf


Large post


8 x 10


Princess


4^x5!


8vo -


5 xS


Prince of Wales


3 X 4|


Medium 4to


Sfxiof


Queen


3i x sf


8vo -


5fx8|


Regina


4f x 6f


Post 4to -


7X9


Viscount -


5 x6j


8vo -


4^x7


Arranged in Order of Size


Prince of Wales


3 X 4i


Demy 8vo


4|x7i


Queen


3i x 5-|


Viscount -


5 x6j


Albert


3fx6


Emperor -


5ix ? i


Princess -


4ix 5 f


Large post 8vo -


5 x8


Princeps -


4ixst


Medium 8vo


5l x 8|


Duchess -


4^ x 6


Foolscap 410 -


6|x8


Empire


4ix6l


Post 4to -


7 X 9


Czarina -


4i x 6


Demy 4to


7 x 9-1


Post 8vo -


4|x 7


Copy 4to -


7|x9f


Regina


4f x 6f


Large post 4to -


8 x 10


Duke


4J x6f


Medium 4to


8|xio|


Copy 8vo -


4f x?i


Foolscap folio -


8x13



135



136



PAPER AND ITS USES



SIZES OF PRINTING PAPERS, ETC. 1 WITH THE
EXTREMES OF THE USUAL STOCK WEIGHTS



Name of Paper.


Size in Inches.


Area in Square
Inches.


Extremes of
Stock Weights.








Lb. per ream.


Pott -


15 X I2j


187-J


5-13


Foolscap


I? XI 3 J


229}


6-18


Post -


*9X J 5i


298-1


15-25


Music demy


2 of X I4


2 9 8f


24-28


Crown


20 x 15


300


6-20


Copy -


20 x 16^


33


10-20


Large post -


21 X l6j


346


10-40


Double pott


25 xi5~


375


IO-25


Demy


22^X iyl


393f


10-60


Medium


23 xi8


414


18-30


Double foolscap -


27 x 17


459


iQ-35


Royal-


25 X 20


500


16-70


Super-royal


27^ X 20J


5631


20-40


Double crown


30 X 20


600


n-So


post


3i.4 x i9i


6o6|


30-5


Elephant -


28 x 23


644


24-60


I mperial


30 X 22


660


30-60


Double large post


33 X2i


693


20-60


Quad pott -


30 x 25


75


20-50


Double demy


35 X22 i


77i


22-1 2O


,, medium -


36 X2 3


828


30-60


Quad foolscap


34 x 27


918


20-70


Double royal


40 x 25


,000


30-70


globe


38 x 28


,064


60-100


,, elephant -


40 x 27


,080


40-100


Quad crown


40 x 3 o


,200


20-120


Double imperial -


44 x 3 o


,320


60 120


Quad demy


45 X 35


>575


40-240


royal


5 x 40


2,000


60-1 20


globe


56 x 3 8


2,128


I2O-I4O



Including coloured papers, and papers detailed on next page.



TABLES OF SIZES, WEIGHTS, AND PRICES 137



EXTREMES or WEIGHTS AND PRICES. 1
PRINTINGS, ETC.



Description of Paper.


Equivalent
Weights in
Demy, 480
sheets.


Prices per Ib.


Remarks as to Number
of Sheets, etc.




Lb.






Antique book paper


18-40


ifd. to 6|d.


Wove or laid: 516


Art


24-50


2|d. 4d.


One- or two-








sided: 480 or 516


Bible papers (see






...


Oxford India paper)








Chart -


14-48


4 d. to 8d.


480


Chromo


3"5


4 d. 6|d.


480: Weights given








are those of uncoated








papers, also sold, with-








out weight specified,








as "thick "and "thin "


Collotype


35-60


4|d- yd.




Cover -


1856


2^d. 6d.


516


Etching








Greaseproof (or
imitation vegetable


11-20


ifd. to 3jd.


Double crown :
480


parchment)








Imitation art -


22-40


2d. 2|d.


5i6


Litho.


20-60


2|d. 4d.


480 to 516


M.G. poster -


16-20


2d. 2jd.




News printing


11-22


ijd. i|d.


500


Oxford India paper


9-1 1


yd. to is. 2d.


480, 504


J> 5)


10-12


3d. to 6d.


...


(imitation)








Plan -


20-24


3id- 3|d-


480, 516


Plate -


20-100


4d. 7id.


5i6


Printing








Hand-made


20-40


9Jd. is.6d.


480


Mould-made


30-40


6|d. 8d.


480


Machine-made


13-40


i Id. 6d.


480, 516


Super-calendered -


15-40


i|d. 3 Jd.


480, 516


Tissues -


5-6


3id. ,, iod.


500 : Usually








double crown


Vegetable parch-


11-27


4d. 4jd.


480 : Usually


ment






double crown



1 The prices given in this section are for small quantities from stock.
Special sizes may be liable to an extra charge for cutting. Special makings
and large quantities are usually subject to a reduction of Jd. per Ib.



PAPER AND ITS USES



SIZES OF WRITING PAPERS, ETC. 1 WITH THE
EXTREMES OF THE USUAL STOCK WEIGHTS



Name of Paper.


Size in Inches.


Area in
Square Inches.


Extremes of
Stock Weights.








Lb. per ream.


Pott


15 X I2j


i7i


7-12


Foolscap


i6|x 13^


2l8f


7-22


Pinched post


i8Jxi 4 f


274


10-28


Post -


19 x I5J


289!


11-30


Demy-


20 X 15^


310


20-25


Sheet-and-a-half


24! X 13?


324!


24


foolscap








Copy -


20 X l6j


330


i5-!9


Large post -


21 X l6j


346J


Tl-28


Double pott


25 xis


375


14-40


Medium


22 X I7j


385


J 3-34


Double foolscap -


2 6jxi6|


437i


14-40


Royal


24 x 19


456


28-44


Super-royal


27 x i 9 J


5*9i


5 2 -54


Double post


3i x 19


579i


20-60


demy


31 X 20


620


40-50


Elephant -


28 X2 3


644


40-60


Imperial


30 X 22


660


70-72


Double large post


33 X2i


693


20-60


Atlas -


34 x 26


884


85-100


Double royal


38 x 24


912


54-88


elephant -


40 X27


i, 080


130-140


imperial -


44 X3o


1,320


140



Including coloured paper and papers detailed in next page.



TABLES OF SIZES, WEIGHTS, AND PRICES 139



EXTREMES OF WEIGHTS AND PRICES,
WRITINGS, ETC.





Equivalent




Description of Paper.


Weight in
Demy,


Price per Ib.




480 sheets.




Hand-made


Lb.




Bank


12


is. 8d. to 2s. iod.


Ledger


3 2 -44


iod. is. Qd.


Loan


12-25


IS.,, 2S.


Writing


20-26


iod. ,, is. Qd.


Machine-made






Banks tub-sized


5-'4


5d. ,,is. 8d.


,, engine-sized -


5-M


2|d. iod.


Blottings -


28-140


3d. 8d.


,, interleaving -


10-19


2^d. ,, 6d.


Bonds tub-sized


12-25


5d. is. 3d.


,, engine-sized -


12-25


3d. gd.


Copying -


3-i8


4d. is. 5d.


Duplicating


14-18


2id. 3 Jd.


Ledger tub-sized


32-44


4d. io^d.


engine-sized


3 2 -44


2|d. 5d.


Typewriting


5-'4


3d. is. 8d.


Writings tub-sized -


12-42


4d. is. id.


,, engine-sized


12-42


2|d. 3 fd.


DRAWINGS


Hand-made -


2 5-75


IS. tO 25.


Machine-made tub-sized


25-40


4d. iod.


,, engine-sized -


25-40


2|d. yd.


CARTRIDGES


Tub-sized


24-60


3|d. to io|d.


Engine-sized -


24-60


2|d. 3Jd.



140



PAPER AND ITS USES



SIZES OF CARDS

Showing how to Cut Out of Royal Board



Name.


Size in Inches.


Number out of
Royal P>oard,
25 in. X 20 in.


Method of
cutting out.








25 in. 20 in.








way. way.


Half small -


2 3 x j!3


104


13 8


Third large -


3 X l|


9 6


8 12


Extra third -


3 x if


88


8 ii


Town -


3\S /)
X Z


72


8 9


Half large -


*J 4


64


8 8


Reduced small -




55


ii 5


Small -


3fx2|-


5


10 5


Carte-de-visite




36


9 4


Large -


4i x 3


3 2


8 4


Double small


4? x sf-


25


5 5


Correspondence and


42 x 3^


25


5 5


square post-card








Post-card (official size) -


52 x 3^


20


4 5


Large court 8vo -


4% x 4


24


6 4


Intimation -


6 x 3|$


20


4 5


Double large


6 x 4^


16


4 4


Cabinet


6j x 4^


15


5 3


Quad small -


7l x 4|


12


3 4


Quad large -


9x6


8


4 2



!

INDEX CARDS

Showing Method of Cutting Out of Index Boards,



25! in. x 20 /'. ##</ 30 J *'. x 25! in.



Size of Index
Card in Inches.


Number out of
Board,
25^ in. X2o^ in.


Method of
cutting out.


Number out of
Hoard,
30^ in. X25^ in.


Method of
cutting out.






25$ in. 2o in.




30^ in. 25^ in.






way. way.




way. way.


5X3


3 2


8 4


50


10 5


6x4


20


4 5


3


5 6


8X 5


12


3 4


18


6 3



TABLES OF SIZES, WEIGHTS, AND PRICES 141



EXTREME PRICES OF BOARDS

Royal, 20 in. x 25 in., except where other sizes are stated



Description of Boards.


Substances.


Prices


per Gross.


Antique and pro-




5s.


to 235.


gramme








Art, coated both


4 to 5 sheet


75. 6d.


223.


sides








Art, coated one side


5 5, 10


IIS.


26S.


Bristol (royal, 22^


2 6


3*<


IOS.


in. x 18 in.)








Chromo, coated one


3 5, 12


9s.


39-


side








Cloth-lined and




175. 6d.


265.


cloth-centred








Ivory -


Various thicknesses


8s. 6d.


5, 3s.


Pasteboards -


4 to 12 sheet


6s. 6d.


,5 3s-


Post-card, white -




55. 6d.


IOS.


art


...


75. 3d.


55 I3S.


28J in.


...


93. 3 d.


173.


x 22j in.








Pulp


2 to 7 sheet


45. gd.


15 s -


Tinted and duplex


4 sheet


6s. 6d.


IOS.


Ticket, white one


6 to 14 sheet


8s.


i6s. 6d.


side








Ticket, white both


55 55


93.


175. 6d.


sides








Ticket, tinted one


55 55


93. 6d.


195.


side








Window ticket


12 l6


183. 6d.


3 OS -


Index boards, 20 J


20 to 52 lb. per gross


6s. 6d.


,, 305. 6d.


. in. x 25 J in.








Index boards, 25 \


3 2 55 5 2 55


ios. 6d.


303. 6d.


in. x 30-^ in.









142



PAPER AND ITS USES



BROWNS AND WRAPPINGS



Name of Paper.


Size in
Inches.


Area in Square
Inches.


Weights Equivalent
to Demy 10 lb.,
480 sheets.


Small hand


20 X 15


300


7i


Lumberhand -


22\ X I7|


363!


10


Kent cap


21 X l8


378


9j


Small cap


25 x 17


425


II


Bag cap -


24 x 19!


468


12


Havon cap


26 X 21


546


14


Double small hand -


29 X 20


5 80


15


,, crown -


30 X 20


6oO


15


Imperial -


29 X 22i


652i


I?


Elephant


32 X24"


768


19


Double small cap -


34 X25


850


22


bag cap


39 X 24


944


24


Quad small hand -


4 x 3


1,200


31


Double imperial


45 x 29


M05


33


elephant


46 x 3 i


1,426


37


Casing - -


46 x 36


1,656


42



EXTREMES OF WEIGHTS AND PRICES





Equivalent






Name of Paper.


Weights in
Demy, 480


Prices per Cwt.


Usual Sizes.




sheets.






Browns -


18-48


js. 6d. to 2 is.


Various


Drapers' caps -


6-10


IIS. 6d. 26S.


Double crown


Krafts -


11-42


I2S. tO 198.


...


M.G. caps


7-18


I5S. 2IS.


Double crown
and quad crown


Sealings, M.G., un-


12-24


i6s. 255.


Various


glazed, and coloured








Rope browns -


1 8-54


IIS. 2IS.


Various



TABLES OF SIZES, WEIGHTS, AND PRICES 143



MILLBOARDS

Thicknesses and Sizes



Description.


Thickness.


1

6


1

7


1

8
6


1

8x
5


1

8xx

4


1

IO

3


Pott - P


No. of Dozens
in Bundles.

Size.
I7^x 14^


6


6


Approximate Weight of
Bundles in Lbs.


28


38


48


54


58


56


Foolscap - FC


i8 x 141


31


42


52


59


64


61


Crown C


20 X l6|


37


52


63


72


77


75


Small half royal SHR


2O| X 13


30


41


52


58


62


60


Large LHR


21 X 14


33


45


58


64


70


67


Short - S
Small half imperial .-SHI


21 X 17

No. of Dozens
in Bundles.

22JXI5


40
6


55
6


69


78
4


84


82

2

51


5

54


3


38


52


63


60


Half imperial HI


23! x i6|


44


60


63


70


69


59


Middle or small demy M


22\ X l8i


48


64


68


74


74


62


Large middle or large demy
LM


23|xi8J


50


68


72


78


78


67


Large or medium - L


24 XIQ


52


70


74


80


81


70


Small whole royal - SR
Large whole royal - LR


25ixi9i

No. of Dozens
in Bundles.

26| X 2O|


57


80


81


88


88


76


6

63


6

~s7


4

75


3


2


2

~84~


73


66


Extra royal - - ER


28^X21^

No. of Dozens
in Bundles.


69
6


95
4


80


81

2


72

2


93

2


3


Whole imperial - - I


32 X22l


82


74


72


63


85


no



Only those sizes in general use are given.



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co co



01



vO tNOO CO 00 ON



8' 8 8 c?



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rf CO ON XO



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d d



xo M vO

ON M W



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tN ON ON
CO OX O



co co co co 4



ON CO 00 rf rf ON
ONCO O 00 M xo



8d
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06 oo'



lOvO
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oo IN d ON co ON
M M* d' d' d' co



O 00 CO rf
CO 4 XO xo



8d vO
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vO* vd CN



d XO M

cd 06 d



vO tN xo

VO C^ W

VO INOO'



fx COVO vO OO 10

cKo d o 6 M



tN CO COvO
H d CO CO



44 xo



H H tNOO

N CO CN rf

vd vd tNod



tNvO ON



oo co* ON ON ON ON d d H H



&

d d* CO



CO CO xo i






vd IN IN IN INOO'



oo o N oo
cooo xo IN

00 CO O*N ON



00 M



CO vO O O

MM d' CO



00 O
<N O



-f d d vO ON d
d vO CO 00 ON rf

vd vd vd vd vd IN



CN (NOD 00* ON ON ON



vO* C^. tN C*.



8M 00

rf 00
00 00 00



ON ON OO



cooo oo
cooo o

CO CO 4



M vO ON *t
MM OO (N

00 00 CO ON



vO CO O
CO CO xo

d' CO CO



O d C^.CO
IO xo to tO



O CO vO

vo* vd vd



ON ON vO ON

VO VO tN tN



00 OO M

co IN ON



t^CO ON H ON M
Tt-vO tNOO 00 M

CO CO CO CO CO 4



ON O vO ON

4444



O d O

xoxo xo



vo'vd



a CO
(N CO

w oi



IN Tf CO VO M O
CN ON O O M co
N N CO CO CO CO



IO d M M

CO lOCO O^
CO CO CO CO



44



44 xo xo



M M <N 0) (M



M rfvO CO
XOVO CO ON

d' M d d'



8XO H

M ro

CO CO CO



rf to 00 ON
CO CO CO CO



ON

co



CO CO xo^O

d d d* d'



Sfr cTro



rf 00 ON IO INOO OO ON H
ddd COCOCOCOCOrf



VO 00 00



dCOCO 'rftoxoxoxoco vOvOtotN tNOO "*O ON CN O ON

XXX X X X X X X X X X X XX X XX XX

i-O\O Cx OO ON ON O O TJ* O^ *-O N N CO vO ^J" I s * ^O tx

HMM MHM(N(NtN (NOC4N WW W N<N WO



Size of Pape



? s * &>S



M



"C'C i j i l^s B. g - -SffgOio

= s "&lll41.Hll||tiil

; Q C<Q &^



Lar
Dou
Med



ct


CO


d tNVO

CO in ON

co co co


00

CN

CO


m <M Tf
d d d


O O vO
CN f

mod d

Tf rf in


CO 00

oo m
co m
m m


!


<* d rh m O O oo
00 00 Hi rj- O OsvO

4 m co d vd H! ON

vO vO tNOO ON d d


To obtain equivalent weights of heavier papers, take the column which is a multiple of the weight, and multiply, e.g., 72 Ib. demy, equivalent in atlas required
24 Ib. demy = 53.88 ; 72 = 53.88 x 3 = 161.64=162 Ib. Or take the unit column from table, multiply and add, e.g., demy 65 Ib., equivalent weight required in super-
royal printing ; 6 Ib. demy = 8-59 super-royal. . '. 60 Ib. =85.9 ; 5 Ib. =7. 16 = 93.06 = 93 Ib. super -royal. The table may, of course, be used to obtain all equivalents
such as imperial, 40 Ib. ; required weight of demy =24 Ib. demy. The nearest whole number should be taken, except when ordering regular stock weights.


H


co


CN d OO

co inoo
co co 1 Co"


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co co co


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8X


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4 4 d CN d H oo*
m mvo vo oo O o


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d d d


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d co co


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co coco


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145



PROBLEMS IN COST, WEIGHT, AND
QUANTITIES OF PAPER

To find the Cost of Paper. The methods of calculation
of cost will depend upon the number of sheets to the ream.
If packed in 48o's, and the quantity is stated in reams, quires,
and sheets, the cost is obtained very easily. Paper at i
per ream is is. per quire, |d. per sheet. Take no reams,
17 quires, 12 sheets, at 75. 6d. per ream. At 1 per ream
this equals 110. 175. 6d., and at 73. 6d. this comes to | of
that sum = ^4i. 6s. 7d. ; or reckoned at noj reams at
75. 6d., the same figures are obtained. When reams contain-
ing a larger number of sheets are concerned, the calculation is
made on the number of reams plus the fraction of the ream.

Prices and Weights of Boards. To obtain the
price per 480 when the price per gross is given, multiply
the figure by y*. Per 500 is taken as 3^ times the price
per gross. When the price is given per 480, the price per
gross is -fg- of that amount. If the price is given as per
500, the gross will cost f- of that amount. Weights are
calculated on the same basis.

To Calculate the Weight of a Paper from the Size
and Weight of another Paper. A table of equivalent
weights papers of regular sizes based on demy of certain weights
is given on pages 144-45. To find the weight of other sizes,
multiply the weight of the ream in pounds by the area of the
new size in inches, and divide by the area of the size, the
weight of which is known.

Example. The weight of large post is required
equivalent to double foolscap 30 Ib.

3 ox2ixi6l = 2 i lb

17x27

If the table of equivalent weights be examined, it will be
seen that the area of large post is 346-^ square inches, and



PROBLEMS IN COST, WEIGHT, ETC., OF PAPER 147

that of double foolscap 459 square inches. For approximate
purposes these may be taken as 350 and 460, and this shows
large post to be practically three-quarters of the area of
double foolscap. Other instances may be cited : demy
393l square inches, if taken as 400, renders royal as one-fourth
extra, and double crown one-half above the demy weights.
These figures are useful for quick calculation, but the first
method is more exact and should be generally adopted.

To find the Number of Sheets which a Reel of
Paper will Produce. Weigh the reel and deduct the weight
of the core or centre. Cut a piece the full size of the sheet,
but if a trim is allowed, the sheet cut should be untrimmed
size. Weigh the sheet on the sheet scale, read the weight in
5 oo's, and divide the weight given into the net weight of the
reel, and multiply the result by 500, this giving the number
of sheets which 'will be produced.

Example. Reel is 50 inches wide, weighs 740 Ib. ; the
centre is rolb. in weight; to be cut to sheet 25 by 20 inches
Sheet 25 by 20 inches = 25 Ib. per 500.

740 10 = 730 Ib. -r 25 = i- x 500 = 14,600 sheets.

Alternatively a square may be cut by the demy template,
weighed on the demy scale, the weight of the sheet equivalent
to the demy weight calculated or obtained from table, and
the number of sheets obtained as in above example.

Example. Reel is 48 inches wide, weighs 640 Ib. with
4 Ib. centre ; to be cut to 2 4 by 3 6 inches ; demy = 21 Ib. per
500 sheets.

, 6*6 X tJOO X I7i X 22^ f

640-4= -2 3 L? 3=6,001 sheets.

24 x 36 x 21

To find the Number of Copies of a Book that may
be Obtained from a Given Quantity of Paper. A

publisher sends in twenty-seven perfect reams of quad crown for
a crown octavo work of 216 pages. How many copies will
be produced ? A sheet of crown octavo = 1 6 pages, therefore
quad crown = 64 pages.

216 27 x soo x 64
2 7 x 500 -r - - - -L 15 = 4,000 copies.

64 2IO



148



PAPER AND ITS USES



To find the Quantity of Paper required for an
Edition of a Book of a Given Size. An edition of a book
of 400 pages demy octavo, 6,500 pages, is required. What
quantity of double demy should be issued in perfect reams ?
A sheet of double demy will contain 32 pages; a ream will
produce 500 copies.

Therefore, 6>5 X 4 = 162! reams.
32 x 500



Or, 400^-32 = 12 J sheets per copy; 6,500
13 x 12^= 162^ reams.



13 reams;



To Calculate the Weight of a Ream Containing a
Larger or Smaller Number of Sheets. Multiply the
weight by the factor given below, or else add or subtract the
fraction representing the difference in the number of sheets.

TABLE OF FACTORS



TABLE OF FACTORS.


TABLE OF FRACTIONS. 1


To convert to


480


500