A history of the University of South Carolina online

OF SOUTH CAROLINA 293

the commons. The bursar continued to run the commons
as a boarding house, with a stipulated price for board, three
dollars a week at this time, which he was to receive as his
compensation. He was allowed the use of the hall and its
furniture and garden, subject to the obligation of keeping
them in good repair. The bell-ringer was to be given his
board. One of the professors, as before, attended meals and
asked blessing. Occasional meals were permitted at rates
prescribed by the faculty.

Since 1904 the Steward's Hall has been managed as a
cooperative enterprise under a board of managers consisting
of six members, three from the faculty and three from the
students who board at the hall. There is a student manager
or assistant to the matron. Since 1913 the waiters at the
tables have been students.

The stewards have been the following: George Wade,
1805 ; Timothy Rives, April, 1805 ; Dr. Samuel Green, 1807 ;
Roland Williamson, 1811 ; Rudolph, 1813 ; Hammond,
1815; J. H. Randolph, 1821; Benjamin Williams, 1825;
Hartwell Macon, 1828; Samuel Murray, 1830; D. Harrison,
1830 no commons in 1833-34, according to the president's
report, as the number of students was too small to justify
the election of a steward William Holmes, 1835 ; Professor
Twiss, 1837 ; Mr. Hunt ( ?) ; William Gilliam, 1838. Bursars
were elected after 1842. These were: W. Baskin, 1842;
T. Anderson, 1846; Col. A. H. Gladden, 1848; Thomas
Gleaves, 1852; John B. Black, 1855; K. S. Dargan, 1858
(permitted to occupy the hall during the war). When the
University of South Carolina was created in 1865, the offices
of bursar and marshal were combined and the new office was
filled by: W. H. Orchard, 1865; James Davis, 1869-1875.
Dover Davis, colored, who conducted a mess during radical
times, was caterer after the reopening in 1880 up to the year
1893. Mr. N. Heyward, a student, attempted to manage the
hall in 1893, but soon turned it over to Ike Peterson, colored,
who was followed by J. Gray in 1896 and W. W. Horsford
in 1897. The present hall has been in the charge of a matron :
Miss L. Cloyd, 1902 ; Mrs. A. Ball, 1902 ; Mrs. Talley, 1906 ;
Mrs. A. Ball, 1906 ; Mrs. S. L. Latimer, 1908.



294 HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY



CHAPTER XXIII



COST OF THE UNIVERSITY TO THE STATE SALARIES STUDENT
EXPENSES SCHOLARSHIPS.

The report of the comptroller general of the State, William
Laval, December 8, 1845, contains a detailed statement of
the appropriations made by the legislature for the college
from its foundation. His abstract shows:

For College Buildings f 129,000.00

" Repairs 40,936.23

" Salaries 472,900.00

" Library Books 27,000.00

" Insurance 10,323.00

" Apparatus 3,000.00

" Cabinet of Minerals 3,000.00

" Rent of Houses 600.00

" Orphans at College 11,020.00

" Purchase of Jack (a slave) 900.00



Total Appropriations $698,679.23

From the year 1845 to the close of 1860 the appropriations

were :

For College Buildings f 35,000.00

" Salaries 333,300.00

" Library Books 30,000.00

" Orphans 6,400.00

" Assistant in Dept. of Chemistry and Geology 600.00



Total Appropriations $405,300.00

Appropriations were made for the support of the college
during the years 1861, 1862 and 1863; but nothing was
granted for the years 1864 and 1865. Such money as was
available in the last two years came from rents and loans



OF SOUTH CAROLINA 295

from the governor's contingent fund. No provision was
made for the purchase of books or the maintenance of
orphans. The amount appropriated during the three years
for salaries was f 66,800.

The University of South Carolina received by appropria-
tion from 1865 to the 1st of October, 1873 :

Salaries f!63,300

Kepairs 14,100

Insurance 1,800

Library (books) 2,000



Total Appropriations $181,200

The amounts appropriated during the negro regime will be
found at the close of the sketch of the University under negro
rule in the Appendix.

From the closing of the institution in 1877 until it was
opened in 1880 the legislature appropriated :

Insurance $3,000

Librarian 1,500

Repairs 1,200



Total Appropriations $5,700

The Agricultural and Mechanical College cost the State by
direct appropriation:

Insurance $4,000

Librarian 1,000

Support items not specified 20,000



$25,000



296 HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY

For the South Carolina College, five years, the appropria-
tions were:

Support $96,500

Additional Salaries 4,000

Insurance and Repairs 10,000

Librarian 2,500

Mechanical Department 2,200

Damage from Earthquake 500



Total Appropriation $115,700

For the University of South Carolina, 1888-1891, the legis-
lature appropriated :

Support $103,500

Library (books) 1,000

Insurance and Repairs 7,500

Librarian 1,500

Mechanical Department 9,000



Total Appropriation $122,500

The support of the South Carolina College cost the State
by appropriation, 1891-1906:

Maintenance, given without items $451,553

Building 11,000

Sewerage 15,000



Total Appropriation $477,553

From 1906 through 1913 the appropriations have been
$638,230.51, in which is included $168,401.42 for buildings.

The total appropriations made by the legislature from the
chartering of the South Carolina College through the year
1913 have amounted to $2,736,662.74. The sums appropriated
for buildings have amounted to $357,000. In the ante-bellum
days the trustees often saved large sums from the tuition
fees, which were devoted to the purchase of books or to
repairs or erection of buildings.



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SALARIES.

At the opening of the college in 1805 the president's salary
was f 2,500; the professor of mathematics received f 1,500;
the other professors were paid f 1,000. Five years later the
legislature appropriated f 1,600 for the proposed professor-
ship of chemistry. In 1812 the salaries of all the professors
were equalized at $1,600, the board adding $600 from the
contingent fund to the salaries of the professors of moral
philosophy and languages. Six years later the president's
salary was raised to $3,000, that of the professors to $2,000.
At the reorganization (in 1836) the salaries of professors
were increased to $2,500 ; the president's salary was not
changed. Two tutors were added to the teaching force in
1806 at a salary of $600 each, which was increased in 1818
to $1,000.

As the faculty was required to live on the campus, quarters
had to be furnished them. For two years, before the presi-
dent's house was built, this officer lived at Mrs. Elizabeth
Brown's and had his board paid. The professors and tutors
lived in the college buildings with the students. In course of
time houses were built for the professors. Professor Perrault
received $225 per annum for house rent as long as he lived
outside the college. In 1836 $600 was allowed for annual
rent for two professors. Professor Henry was given $400 in
1849, and $450 in 1854, for house rent. Professor John
LeConte received $500 for rent in 1857.

At the close of 1865 $16,625 was due the professors and
officers on salaries; Governor McGrath had not seen fit to
make any advance for the college, so that the professors had
received nothing since September 30, 1864. The legislature
never made any appropriation to pay this deficit.

When the University of South Carolina was opened in
1866, the professors received a salary of $1,000 and the fees
of their students. This created great inequality, as some of
the departments were more attended than others. In 1869
the salaries were increased to $2,000, with a possibility of
$500 more from fees; five per cent was paid as an income



298 HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY

tax, which reduced the salary to f 1,900. During the radical
days from 1873 to 1877 the salary remained unchanged.

From 1880 the president was paid at the rate of $2,500
per annum; the professors earned f 2,000, which was cut
down to f 1,900 during Hon. B. K. Tillman's term of office as
governor. This was restored to $2,000 in 1907. A house is
given to the full professors, and if there is no house avail-
able, they receive $300 for rent (since 1880). When Presi-
dent S. C. Mitchell was elected in 1908, the president's salary
was made $3,500. The dean of the University receives $2,500.
An associate professor, who ranks next to the full professor,
is paid $1,500. The third rank is that of the adjunct, who
receives $1,200. Next to him is the instructor, with a salary
of $800. Student assistants have a remuneration of $100.
Occasionally a different sum is paid for a special assistant.

The salary of the librarian has varied : in 1805 it was $100,
which was later increased to $500; this was the salary for
over fifty years, until an increase was made during the time
the librarianship was held by Miss Rion. It is at present
$1,700.

Usually combined with the office of librarian was that of
treasurer. The treasurer received in 1805 the same sum as
the librarian: both officers were professors. In 1848 the
treasurer's salary was $500. The same person often held the
position of librarian and treasurer and received both salaries.
He might also be secretary to the board of trustees and secre-
tary to the faculty. The laws of 1848 provided, that, "The
librarian, in addition to the duties naturally belonging to
the department of a Librarian, shall perform those of Treas-
urer and of Secretary of the Faculty." He was to hold his
office at the pleasure of the board and be paid a salary of
$1,500. Previous to 1848 professors had acted as secretaries
of the faculty, which custom was revived in 1880. A regula-
tion now requires the secretary of the faculty to be chosen
from the adjunct professors. There has been no salary
received by the professors for this work. Since 1907 the posi-
tion of librarian and treasurer have been divided. The latter



OF SOUTH CAROLINA 299

officer has a salary of $1,200. The present incumbent also
acts as secretary of the board of trustees.

The marshal was paid $400 from the first, which has been
increased in recent years to $720, house rent of $180 being
added. He was shortly after the office was created in 1835
given rent and then a house. The house now occupied by
Professor Baker was built for the marshal.

ESTIMATED EXPENSES OF A STUDENT.

"Every student," read the laws of 1806, "shall furnish his
proportion of wood, candles, furniture, etc., in the room
assigned him, during his residence in it ; and if any one shall
neglect to do this, it shall be supplied by the steward, and
the amount charged in his bills." Two dollars were exacted
as a library fee. For janitor's service a student paid $4, half
in advance with the tuition. At entrance and every six
months as long as he remained in college he paid $10 for his
tuition. Board was at first placed at $2 a week payable in
advance half yearly, and no deductions were allowed for any
time less than a week. A breakage fee, amount not stated,
was demanded. $175 would have covered these items.

A committee of three, P. M. Butler, W. F. DeSaussure and
D. J. McCord, Esqs., formed at the time of the reorganization
in 1835 for the purpose of finding out what were the neces-
sary expenses of a student during the collegiate year,
reported that the sum of $350 was sufficient to pay all the
annual expenses independent of the purchase of such books
as the collegiate course might require. $50 they regarded as
the proper amount for beds, bedding and room furniture of
every description : this was for the four years. They regarded
$50 as sufficient pocket money, which they included in the
estimate of $350.

The trustees deemed it their duty to call the attention of
parents and guardians to the absolute necessity of restrain-
ing the expenditures of students sent to the college within a
reasonable limit. "Young gentlemen," said the committee,
"are sent to the College for the purpose of study, and not for
pleasure. They are sent to complete their education, and to



300 HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY

qualify themselves for the discharge of the duties of life.
How far this object is likely to be defeated by an unlimited
supply of funds, must, upon slight consideration, be apparent
to all.

"Thrown into the heart of a large town, a young man must
have very fixed principles, and great self control, who is
able to resist the allurements of pleasure, with his pockets
full of gold, and an unlimited means of commanding every-
thing which the most unbridled appetites can desire. College
discipline will in vain be exerted to restrain him, whom the
cruel kindness or inconsiderate indulgence of his parents has
thus exposed to so severe a trial. The parent who, in the
fearful struggle between pleasure and duty, thus takes sides
with the former against his child, is laying the sure founda-
tion of bitter and unavailing regret on his part, and of blasted
health, corrupted morals, and blighted prospects for the
object of his anxious cares. 'Lead us not into temptation' is
a heaven taught prayer, and he that stands most sure needs
often to repeat it.

"The Committee are thus earnest in their appeal, because
the history of this College, and of every other, bears ample
testimony to the fatal effect of unlimited indulgence in the
command of money; and because the evil consequence are
not confined to the unfortunate victim of false indulgence,
but spread their corrupting influence over all around him.

"The Committee repeat the assurance that the estimate
of expenses has been made with anxious care, and after full
inquiry, and that any allowance that shall go beyond it, is
calculated to produce injury both to the student and the
College.

"In conclusion they make a most solemn appeal to parents
and guardians not to pay any account contracted, beyond this
estimate ; particularly to grog shops, or for other superfluous
expenditures."

The expenditures of a student in 1847 are thus estimated
in the 1848 edition of the laws :



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Tuition, room rent, use of library $ 50.00

Board @ (2.50 per week 100.00

Fuel . 12.00



1162.00
To be added to this was one-fourth of

Text books for four years f 45.00

Paper, pens, ink, etc 10.00

Lights 16.00

Furniture 20.00

$91.00

22.75



$184.75

This was the first estimate to be published. Beginning
with 1848 the catalogues carried estimates, the estimate for
this year being $3.75 less than for the preceding year, as
follows :

Board, about 40 weeks, at $2.50 per week $100.00

Tuition, room rent and use of library 50.00

Fuel 10.00

Washing, from $12 to 15.00

Lights, about 6.00



$181.00

The catalogue of 1852 makes the sum total $194, adding
servant hire, $10, and putting fuel at $14. In 1860 the esti-
mate was :
Board (in commons) about 37 weeks, at $3.50 per

week $129.50

Tuition, room rent, use of library 50.00

Fuel, from $15 to 25.00

Washing, from 12 to 15.00

Servant hire 9.00

Lights, from $6 to 12.00

$240.50



302 HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY

Board at the licensed boarding houses varied from $3.50
to $4 per week.

The amount spent by a student of the old South Carolina
College varied between wide limits. A son of one of the gov-
ernors, who could have spent freely, used about $400 each
year above the cost of tuition and board, which amounted to
nearly $600. A student who lived in Columbia had occasion
to spend "almost nothing." For another the whole year's
expense was about $400. Occasionally a young man cooked
his own meals in his room, which greatly reduced the chief
item of expense. President Preston, advising Colonel Wade
Hampton in regard to a scholarship, told him in 1853 that
$200 should take a student through one year.

In 1866 the estimate was thus :

Annual fee $ 5.00

Library fee 15.00

Boom rent 20.00

Tuition fee, according to the number of schools 50-75 75.00
Board at Steward's Hall or in city, at $4 (in mess,

$3.50) 148.00

Fuel ($4 to $5 per cord) 12.00

Washing ($1.50 to $2.50 per month) 15.00

Lights 6.00



$296.00
Books 20.00

$316.00

Law students could get through for $280, medical students
for $370.

Arrangements were made that those students who entered
in January, 1866, might pay part of the board in farm
produce.

The catalogue of 1882-3 gives an estimate of expenses for
nine months :



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Board at Steward's Hall I 90.00

Annual Fee 10.00

Books, Stationery, etc 10.00

Fuel and lights 15.00

Washing and servant's hire 15.00



$140.00

There was no tuition fee. Books and stationery appear as
items for the first time. Owing to opposition of the denomi-
national colleges, it was necessary by 1886 to require a tuition
fee of forty dollars, which could be remitted. This ran the
estimate up to $185 in 1890. For several years after 1894
board was placed at $8 per month, which permitted an esti-
mate of f 165, if tuition was paid, in 1898. At the present
the estimate is :

Board $100.00

Books, stationery, etc 20.00

Fuel, washing, etc 25.00

Term fee 18.00

Koom fee (for students rooming on the campus) 8.00

Incidentals . 15.00



$186.00
or $226, if the tuition fee is paid.

At first the tuition was $10 every six months; the treas-
urer's receipt was necessary before a student was admitted.
After 1835 the tuition and library fee was $50 a session, half
at two fixed dates. As commencement took place in Decem-
ber, when the first payment was required on October 1, the
graduates paid $12.50 on the October 1 preceding their grad-
uation. Resident graduates were charged a fee of ten dollars
for the session. In 1866 students paid according to the num-
ber of schools they entered : three or more schools were
charged for at the rate of $25 ; two schools cost $35 each ; one
school was reckoned at $50. One student from each of the
election districts was allowed to enter without paying tuition
or room rent. A fee of $40 was placed on the students in



304 HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY

1880; but one student entered free from each county by
appointment of the governor on recommendation of the dele-
gation from the county. There was no tuition fee for any
one in the South Carolina College as remodelled in 1882,
which condition, however, did not last more than three years
on account of the opposition of the denominational colleges
to the state college. From then until the present a tuition fee
of f 40 has been required unless the student is exempted under
the law. Law students are not released from the fee.

A contingent fee has been required on occasions : in 1807,
amount not mentioned, and during the 90's, when it was f 5.

A term fee of $18 was instituted in 1897 : women paid $12.
This included fee for the use of the infirmary. This fee is not
remitted under any circumstances.

An annual fee of $5 was first required in 1866. This was
increased to $10 in 1880.

The first fee for use of the library was $2. Later the library
fee was included in the tuition fee of $50. A student in 1859
who lived in the town could use the library if he paid $10.
The university in 1867 required a fee of $15. Since 1880 no
charge has been made for the use of the library.

Diplomas cost not less than $1 according to the laws of
1807. There was also a graduation "perquisite" of $4. Forty
years later the faculty was required to furnish diplomas free
of cost. During the existence of the South Carolina College
that was reorganized in 1882 a fee of $3 for academic, and of
$5 for law diplomas, was demanded, which is still in force.

During the session of 1859-60 the college paid for gas,
which was used for the first time January 1, 1858, the sum
of $1,886.70, and for servants' hire $1,786.75.

An act of the year 1811 authorized the commissioners of
the Orphan House in Charleston to select one boy from the
number at that institution to be educated at the South Caro-
lina College, the expense incident to the education and main-
tenance of said boy being defrayed from the amount annually
appropriated by the legislature for the college. His clothes,
however, were purchased by a special appropriation of $140
for each year of his stay at the college; but he was entitled



OF SOUTH CAROLINA 305

to no aid from the state longer than for the time required for
his graduation. For the two years 1817 and 1818 the legisla-
ture gave a sum of f 400 for the support of three boys from
the Orphan House in Charleston. From 1819 through 1824
the appropriation was of |260 for one boy. In 1825 this
amount was appropriated as above and in addition another
$260 for a boy from the Winyaw Indigo Society School,
which continued through 1833, when for the following three
years only one student, from Charleston, was thus supported.
Beginning with 1837 there was an appropriation of $400
annually for one student from the Orphan House in Charles-
ton. The war brought an end to such appropriations. The
names of the recipients of these benefactions are not recorded
in the minutes ; only a few are known.

Both the literary societies supported beneficiaries, whose
expenses were paid from the treasury and by special con-
tributions from the members of the societies. Classes also
occasionally paid the expenses of some member. An old
alumnus told the author that his father at one time paid as
much as $25 a month for beneficiaries of the classes to which
his brothers belonged.

Colonel John L. Manning established in 1846 a scholar-
ship of $350, which he secured by depositing the sum of
$5,000 in bank drawing 7 per cent. In awarding this scholar-
ship, preference was given applicants from Sumter. The
late General Wade Hampton in 1853 gave the interest at 7
per cent on $6,000 for two scholarships of $210 each, follow-
ing in this division the advice of Colonel W. C. Preston.
Hon. R. F. W. Allston gave in 1854 a sum of $6,000, whose
proceeds of $420 was made a single scholarship. In the
same year Mr. Hiram Hutchinson of Hamburg gave $5,000
in railroad bonds for a scholarship of $350. Rev. C. Bruce
Walker in his report for the year 1863 says that he had the
bonds of Wade Hampton and R. F. W. Allston and the stock
given by Hiram Hutchinson. He did not have an accurate
account of the expenditures on these scholarships, as they
had been through certain banks, which could not supply the
data. After the close of the war none of the scholarships

20 H. U.



306 HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY

paid anything, except that one man received a payment from
General Hampton.

When the South Carolina College was reorganized in 1882,
the trustees established five scholarships exempting the
holders from fees, giving to them the names of the founders
of the old scholarships: First and Second Hampton, Man-
ning, Allston, Hutchinson. To these the Rion scholarship was
later added. After tuition was required these scholarships
gave exemption from payment of tuition and part of the term
fee. In 1901 there was a rearrangement of scholarships, a
number being added, to which were attached the names of
distinguished alumni: In the Freshman Class, the Harper,
Preston, McDuffie, Marion Sims and the Thornwell Scholar-
ships ; in the Sophomore Class, the Eion, Allston, Legare, and
Second Hampton Scholarships; in the Junior Class, the
Hutchinson, First Hampton and Manning Scholarships.
After the change to the University in 1906 these scholarships
were awarded one to each department. They now exempt
from all fees.

The United Daughters of the Confederacy of this State
offer a scholarship valued at f 125 a year with exemption of
all fees. The class of 1885 established two scholarships of $100
for juniors, to be held two years, and $150 for freshmen, to be
held for four years. Professor A. C. Moore offers a scholar-
ship of $100 in the department of biology. For three years,
1912-1915, Mr. W. S. Reamer of Columbia gave two scholar-
ships of $150 each to be conferred on deserving students. The
Robertson Scholarship of $190 is awarded to a member of the
law school. In the School of Education there are scholar-
ships of the value of $100 with exemption of fees, one for each
county. At present there are two scholarships of the value
of $180 in the School of Education provided from the interest
on the sum of $6,000 given to the University by the Peabody
Board.

The literary societies, The Carolinian and The Garnet and
Black offer medals. There is a medal given by the United
Daughters of the Confederacy for the best essay on some
subject relating to the War Between the States; a medal



OF SOUTH CAROLINA 307

given by the late Philo S. Bennett is awarded to the writer
of the best essay on "The Principles of Free Government";
in the law school the Pope medal is given for the best essay