Evan James MacGillivray.
A treatise upon the law of copyright [electronic resource] : in the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the Crown, and in the United States of America : containing a full appendix of all acts of Parliament, international conventions, Orders in Council, Treasury minute and acts of Congress now in for online
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A TREATISE UPON
THE LAW OF COPYRIGHT
A TREATISE UPON
THE LAW OF COPYRIGHT
IN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND THE DOMINIONS
OF THE CROWN, AND IN THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA
CONTAINING A FULL APPENDIX OF ALL ACTS OF PARLIAMENT
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, ORDERS IN COUNCIL
TREASURY MINUTE AND ACTS OF CONGRESS
NOW IN FORCE
By E. J. MACGILLIVRAY, LL.B. (Cantab.)
OF THE INNER TEMPLE, BARRISTER-AT-LAW
MEMBER OF THE FACULTY OF ADVOCATES IN SCOTLAND
LONDON
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET
NEW YORK : E. P. BUTTON & CO.
1902
C7S
TO
THOMAS EDWARD SCRUTTON, Esq., K.C.
IN GRATITUDE FOR
MUCH INSTRUCTION AND KINDNESS
399173
PREFACE
The foundations of this work were laid by my endeavours to
understand what is perhaps the most compHcated and obscure
series of statutes in the statute book. In working from time to
time at the Law of Copyright I found great want of a text-
book which should be exhaustive of the case law, and at the
same time contain a concise and clearly arranged epitome
of the statutory provisions. This want I have tried to supply
for myself in the present compilation, and it is now published
in the hope that it may prove useful to others. The present
law is bad both in substance and form, but it is the more
essential that those who have anything to do with literary or
artistic property should comprehend it in so far as it is com-
prehensible. There are probably more pitfalls for the unwary
in dealing with Copyright than with any other branch of the
law.
We have for some time been on the eve of a general
codification and amendment of the Law of Copyright. It
is, however, an eve of long and indefinite duration. It is
now twenty-eight years since the Royal Commission on Copy-
right was appointed, and still nothing has been done to
amehorate the lamentable condition in which the Com-
missioners then found the law. Dissensions among those
who are interested in Copyright, failure to come to a satis-
factory arrangement with the colonies, and want of time at
the disposal of the legislature are mainly responsible for this
delay. In the meantime it is well that all those who are
interested in Copyright should made themselves conversant
viii PREFACE
with the law as it now is, so that when the time for legis-
lation does at last come the result may be the more
satisfactory.
I have added to this work Part II., dealing with Copyright
in the United States, and I hope it may prove useful not
only to English but to American lawyers and publishers.
I have to acknowledge much assistance in the preparation
of this work and many invaluable suggestions from my
friends, Mr. Langridge, of the Middle Temple, and Mr.
Mackinnon, of the Inner Temple.
E. J. MACGILLIVRAY.
3 Temple Gardens,
June 1902.
CONTENTS
PAGE
Table of English, Scotch, Irish, Indian, and Colonial Cases xix
Table of Cases in the United States xxxi
PART I
THE LAW OF COPYRIGHT IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
AND THE DOMINIONS OF THE CROWN
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTORY 3
CHAPTER II
WHAT BOOKS ARE PROTECTED
Sec. I. What is an Original Book lo
Definition of a Book lo
Essential Elements of a Book n
Physical Form U
Literary Matter 13
Originality '5
Examples of what are Books 16
Sec. 2. Publication 3^
Divestitive Publication 37
Investitive Publication 3^
First Publication within the British Dominions .... 40
Sec. 3. Author's Nationality 42
Sec. 4- Immoral Works 46
Sec. 5. Registration 46
Before Action 4^
The Requisite Entry 49
The Actual Title 49
The Time of First Publication S^
The Name and Place of Abode of the Publisher ... 52
The Name and Place of Abode of the Proprietor ... 52
Certificate of Registration 53
False Entries 54
Rectification of Register 54
X CONTENTS
PAGE
Sec. 6. Delivery of Copies to Libraries 55
Sec. 7. Duration of Protection 56
Sec. 8. Copyright in Lectures 57
CHAPTER III
THE OWNER OF THE COPYRIGHT IN BOOKS
Sec. I. The Crown 59
Sec. 2. The Universities 61
Sec. 3. The Author 62
Sec. 4. The Employer 66
Under Section 18 66
Scope of Section 67
Under such Employment ........ 68
On Terms that Copyright shall belong to such Proprietor . 68
Joint Employers 71
Payment 71
Author's Separate Rights 72
Employer's Rights where Section 18 does not apply .... 73
Sec. 5. The Assignee 74
Before Publication 74
After Publication 77
Partial Assignment 80
Assignment distinguished from Licence 8i
Sec. 6. The Licensee 82
Sec. 7. The Executors or Administrators 83
Sec. 8. The Trustee in Bankruptcy 83
CHAPTER IV
INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT IN BOOKS
Sec. I. Prohibited Acts, and Remedies
Causing to be Printed
Damages .
Account of Profits
Injunction .
Delivery up of Copies
Customs Act
Every Offence .
Limitation of Acti
Pleading
Evidence
Discovery .
Mode of Trial
Costs .
Sec. 2. What is a Piratical Copy
What is a Copy ....
A Substantial Part must be Taken
84
85
86
86
86
89
91
91
91
92
94
94
94
95
96'
97
97
CONTENTS xi
PAGE
No Animus Furandi need be Proved loo
Taking not necessarily for Profit loi
Copying may be Indirect and Unintentional 102
Custom of Trade 102
Fair Use 103
No one can Monopolize a Field of Labour .... 103
No Infringement to take Facts ....... 104
No Infringement to take the General Scheme of another's
Work 105
Every Author must do his own work .105
Work with a Different Object ....... 109
Extract for purpose of Criticism . . . . . .111
Improvement or Addition of New Matter no Excuse . . 112
Dramatization of a Novel . . . . . . . .114
Abridgments 114
Translations . . 116
Licence 118
Abandonment 119
Acquiescence and Delay . . . . . . . . .119
Provision against the Suppression of Books . . . . .119
CHAPTER V
PERFORMING RIGHTS
Sec. I. Nature of Performing Right 120
Sec. 2. Performing Right at Common Law .... 121
Sec. 3. What is a Dramatic Work 123
Sec. 4. What Dramatic Works are Protected, and Duration
of Protection 126
Sec. 5. What is a Musical Composition 130
Sec. 6. What Musical Works are Protected, and Duration
of Protection 130
Sec. 7. Registration of Performing Rights .... 131
Musical Compositions 133
Sec. 8. Assignment of Performing Rights 134
Sec. 9. Infringement of Dramatic Performing Rights . . 135
Public Performance . . 135
Substantial Part 138
Causing to be Represented '139
Knowledge 142
Innocent Agents 142
Licence 142
Sec. 10. Infringement of Musical Performing Rights . . 142
Substantial Part 142
Public Performance ... 143
Causing to be Represented 143
Sec. II. Remedies for Infringement of Dramatic Performing
Rights 144
Sec. 12. Remedies for Infringement of Musical Performing
Rights 145
Xll
CONTENTS
CHAPTER VI
COPYRIGHT IN ENGRAVINGS
Sec. I. What Works are Protected
WTiat is an Original Engraving
Originality ...........
Maps, Charts, and Plans
Engravings in a Book .........
Must the Engraving be made within the British Dominions .
The Engraving must be First Published within the British
Dominions .
Date of First Publication and Proprietor's Name ....
Name of Proprietor
Immoral Works
Duration of Protection . .
Sec. 2. The Owner of the Copyright
The Engraver .
The Employer
The Assignee
Sec. 3. Infringement of the Copyright
Prohibited Acts and Remedies
Guilty Knowledge
Limitation of Action
Costs
Copying for Private Use
What is a Piratical Copy
Licence a Defence .........
PAGE
146
46
47
48
49
50
50
51
51
52
52
52
52
53
54
55
55
56
56
56
56
56
59
CHAPTER VII
COPYRIGHT IN SCULPTURE
Sec. I, What Works are Protected 161
What is an Original Sculpture 161
The Sculpture must be First Published within the British Dominions 162
Publication 162
Author's Nationality 162
Proprietor's Name and Date 162
Proprietor's Name ......... 163
Date 163
Immoral Works 163
Duration of Protection 163
Sec. 2. The Owner of the Copyright 164
The Artist 164
The Employer 164
The Assignee 164
CONTENTS xiii
PAGE
Sec. 3. Infringement of the Copyright 164
Prohibited Acts and Remedies 164
Guilty Knowledge . 165
Limitation of Action 165
Copying for Private Use i6c
What is a Piratical Copy 165
CHAPTER VIII
COPYRIGHT IN PAINTINGS, DRAWINGS, AND
PHOTOGRAPHS
Sec. I. What Works are Protected 167
Every Original Painting, Drawing, or Photograph .... 167
Originality 167
Artistic Merit 168
Publication Outside the British Dominions 168
Published ........... 169
Nationality or Residence of Artist 170
Registration 171
The Requisite Entry 171
Name 173
Place of Abode 173
Short Description 173
Duration of Protection . 174
Sec. 2. The Owner of the Copyright 174
The "Author" .... 174
The Employer 175
The Assignee 176
Sec. 3. Infringement 177
Prohibited Acts and Remedies 177
Cause or Procure 178
Innocent Agent 179
Unlawful Copy 179
Separate Offence ,179
Copying for Private Use 180
Action on Breach of Contract 180
Fraudulent Acts 180
Limitation of Action 181
Evidence 181
What is a Piratical Copy . 181
No Monopoly 181
W^at is a Copy 181
General Idea may be Taken 182
Material Part 183
Indirect Taking .......... 184
Guilty Knowledge 184
Replicas 184
Licence a Defence 184
XIV
CONTENTS
CHAPTER IX
COLONIAL COPYRIGHT
Books .
Artistic Works
PAGE
1 86
191
CHAPTER X
INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT
Works Produced in His Majesty's Dominions 193
Works Produced in Foreign Countries with which this Country has
no Treaty 193
Works Produced in Foreign Countries with which this Country has
a Treaty I93
What Foreign Works are entitled to Protection . . . -195
Produced 195
Character of Work 196
Unpublished Work 196
Special Provisions . 197
Works Produced in Foreign Countries before 6th December 1887 . 197
Formalities Required in case of Foreign Work .... 198
Who are Entitled to Sue in respect of a Foreign Work . . . 200
Evidence of Title 200
Protection afforded to Foreign Works 200
Works Published before 6th December 1887 .... 202
Translating Right 203
Articles in Newspapers and Periodicals ..... 204
Photographic Works 204
Performing Right in Dramatic or Dramatic Musical Works . 204
Express Provision as to particular kind of Infringement . . 205
CHAPTER XI
COMMON LAW
Title — Passing off
Whether Protection is based on a Right of Property in Title
Knowledge of Existence and Value on the part of the Public
Non-user of Title ....
No Fraud need be Proved .
Must be Calculated to Deceive .
Cases in which an Injunction Granted
Cases where Injunction Refused .
Malicious Criticism
Slander of Title
206
207
208
208
209
209
209
211
213
213
CONTENTS XV
PAGE
Author who has parted with Copyright is entitled to Protect his
Reputation 213
Protection from Breach of Faith or Contract 215
Unpublished Works 220
Speeches and Sermons 223
Letters 225
CHAPTER XII
PUBLISHING AND PRINTING AGREEMENTS
Publishers' Agreements 227
Printers' Agreements 230
PART II
THE LAW OF COPYRIGHT IN THE UNITED STATES
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTORY 235
CHAPTER II
WHAT WORKS ARE ENTITLED TO COPYRIGHT
Sec. I. An Original Literary or Artistic Work . . . 236
Sec. 2. Nationality of the Author 247
Sec. 3. Necessary Formalities 250
Conditions Precedent 251
Dehvery of Title 251
Delivery of Description 253
Delivery of Copies 253
Printing in the United States 254
Retrospective Provision 254
Notice of Copyright 255
Publication 260
Sec. 4. Immoral Works 266
Sec. 5. Duration of Copyright 267
CHAPTER III
WHO IS THE OWNER OF THE COPYRIGHT
Sec. I. The Author 269
Sec. 2. The Employer 271
Sec. 3. The State 272
Sec. 4. The Assignee 272
xvi CONTENTS
CHAPTER IV
INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT
PAGE
Sec. I. What is a Piratical Copy 276
Copying may be Indirect 277
The Intention need not be Bad 277
Proof of Copying .......... 277
No Monopoly in the Subject- Matter 278
Taking a Substantial Part 279
Fair Use 281
Improvement no Excuse 283
Different Object 283
Extract for Review 284
Abridgments 284
Translations 286
Dramatic Performing Right 286
Musical Rights 287
Sec. 2. Prohibited Acts and Remedies 287
Account of Profits 289
Damages 290
Penalties 290
Forfeiture 290
Injunction 291
Who is Liable 291
Limitation of Action 292
Acquiescence 292
Pleading 293
Penalties for affixing False Notice 293
Importing Books Printed outside the United States .... 294
CHAPTER V
COMMON LAW RIGHTS
Sec. I. Published Work 296
Passing Off 296
Sec. 2. Unpublished Work 298
APPENDIX
BRITISH STATUTES
The Engraving Copyright Act, 1734 303
The Engraving Copyright Act, 1766 305
The Copyright Act, 1775 (Universities) ...... 307
The Prints Copyright Act, 1777 310
The Sculpture Copyright Act, 1814 311
CONTENTS
The Dramatic Copyright Act, 1833 ....
The Lectures Copyright Act, 1S35 ....
The Prints and Engravings Copyright Act, 1836
The Copyright Act, 1836 (Compensation to Libraries)
The Copyright Act, 1842
The International Copyright Act, 1844
The Colonial Copyright Act, 1847 ....
Copyright in Designs Act, 1850, sees. 6 and 7 (Sculpture
The International Copyright Act, 1852
The Fine Arts Copyright Act, 1862
The International Copyright Act, 1875 . • .
The Canada Copyright Act, 1875 .
The Customs Laws Consolidation Act, 1876.
The Copyright (Musical Compositions) Act, 1882
The International Copyright Act, 1886
The Copyright (Musical Compositions) Act, 1888
The Revenue Act, 1889
xvii
PAGE
3^3
315
316
317
317
329
337
338
339
343
348
349
350
351
353
360
361
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
The Berne Convention, 1886
Order in Council, 1887
The Additional Act of Paris, if
Order in Council, 1898
361
370
373
376
TREASURY MINUTE
Government Publications Treasury Minute, li
377
AMERICAN STATUTES
Revised Statutes, 1874
Act of Congress, June 18, 1874 .
August I, 1882 .
October i, 1890
March 3, 1891 .
March 3, 1893 .
March 2, 1895 .
January 6, 1897
March 3, 1897 .
379
384
384
385
385
389
390
390
391
TABLE OF CASES
N.B. In the page references the figures in larger type indicate tliat the fads of
the case will be found most fully stated on that particular page.
ENGLISH, SCOTCH, IRISH, INDIAN, AND COLONIAL CASES
Abernethy v. Hutchin-
son 209
Adams v. Batley . . 1887 18 Q. B. D., 625
Aflalo V. Lawrence. . — [1902], i Ch., 264
Ager V. CoUingridge . 1886 2 T. L. R., 291
Agar V. P. & O. Steam 1884 26 Ch. D., 637
Navigation Co
1825 3 L. J. (O.S.), Ch., 37, T,%, 219, 222,
224
144
71
20
Alexander v. Mackenzie
Allen V. Lyon
Anglo-Canadian v. Suck
ling
Anonymous Case .
Anstruther v. Bentley
Archbold v. Sweet
Austria, Emperor of, v.
Day
Avanzo v. Mudie .
Avery v. Wood
Bach v. Longman .
Baily v. Taylor
Barfield v. Nicholson
Barnett v. Glossop .
Baschet v. Lojidon Illus-
trated Standard
Baskett v. Cunningham .
Baskett v. University of 1758 2 Burr., 661
Cambridge
20, 102, 118
23, 101, 104
118
191
115
228
214
90
200
144, 156
1777 2 Cowp., 623 36, 97
1829 I Russ. and My., 73 15, 23, 86, 87
105, 109
1824 2 Sim. and Stu., i
1835 I Bing., N. C, 633
— [1900], I Ch., 73
1847 9 D., 748
1884 5 Ont. Rep., 615
1889 17 Ont. Rep., 239
1774 Lofift, 775
1866 14 W. R., 630
1832 5 C. and P., 219
1861 4 L. T. (N.S.), 494
1854 10 Exch., 203
— [1891], 3 Ch., 115
1762 I Wm. Black, 370
62, 220, 229
93
46, 152, 174, 179
180, 201
59. 60
59
Bastow, ex parte .
Beal, ex parte
Beckford v. Hood .
Beere v. Ellis
Bell V. Walker
Bell V. Whitehead .
Bensley v. Bignold
1854 14 C. B., 631
1868 L. R., 3 Q. B., 387
1798 7 T. R., 620
1889 5 T. L. R., 330
1785 I Bro. Ch. Cas., 450 115
1839 8 L. J. Ch., 141 112
1822 5 B. and Aid., 335 230
54, 8x. 82
9I' ^73. 179. i^
184
36, 47, 86, 206
138
XX
TABLE OF CASES
Bentley r. Foster .
Black V. Murray & Son
Blackie v. Aikman .
Blackwell 7'. Harper
Blake ?'. Nicholson
Blanchett v. Ingram
Bleaden v. Hancock
Bogue 7'. Houlston
Bohn V. Bogue
Bolton V. Aldin
Bolton V. London Exhi
bitions
Boosey v. Davidson
Boosey v. Fairlie
Boosey v. Jefferys
Boosey v. Purday
Boosey v. Whight
Borthwick v. Evening Post
Boucicault :â– . Chatterton
Boucicault v. Delafield
Boydell v. Urummond
Bradbury v. Beeton
Bradbury v. Dickens
Bradbury v. Hotten
Bradbury v. Sharp
Bramwell v. Halcomb
Bridgman v. Green
Britain v. Hanks .
British Museum ?'. Payne
Brooke v. Chitty .
Brooke v. Milliken
Brooks V. Cock
Brooks V. Religious Tract
Society
Brown v. Cooke
Burnett v. Chetwood
Butterworth v. Kelly
Butterworth v. Robinson
Buxton 7'. James .
Byron v. Johnston
Cable 7'. Marks
Cadell V. Anderson
Caird 7'. Sime
Cambridge University v.
Bryer
Campbell v. Scott .
Caproni v. Alberti .
Carnan v. Bowles .
1839 10 Sim., 329
1870 9 M., 341
1827 5 Sh., 719
1740 2 Atk., 93
18 1 4 3 M. and S., 167
1887 3T. L. R., 687
1829 4 C. and P., 152
1852 5 De G. and Sm., 267
1846 10 Jur., 420
1895 65 L J. Q. B., 120
1898 14 T. L. R., 550
1846
1849
1877
1851
1846
1849
888
876
863
809
869
859
872
891
836
755
902
828
831
789
835
897
846
720
888
801
851
816
4 D. and L., 147
13 Q- B., 257
7 Ch. D., 301
4 Exch., 145
10 Jur., 1038
4 Exch., 145
1899], I Ch., 836
1900], I Ch., 122
37 Ch. D., 449
5 Ch. D., 267
I H. and M., 597
11 East., 142
39 L J. Ch., 57
27 Beav., 53
R., 8 Ex.,
L,
L. R., 8 Ex., I
[1891], W. N., 143
3 My. and Cr., 737
2 Ves. Sen., 627
Wright, J., April 15
2 Y. and J., 166
2 Coop. Cas., 216
3 T. R., 509
3 Ad. and E., 138
45 W. R., 476
16 L. J. Ch., 140 68, 71
2 Mer., 441 46, 117
4 T. L. R., 430 84
5 Ves., 709 28, 115
5 De G. and Sm., 80 40, 41, 42, 87
2 Meriv., 29 215
42
12, 26, 27, III
229
146, 151. 152
230
38
230
12, 34, 149
98, 10 1
181
179. 183
92. 93
42, 94
26
42
93
40, 42
II, 12
II, 33, 97
88, 207, 209, 212
36,41,127,128,129
41, 129, 193
230
207, 209, 211
207
99, 109, 110
89
99
219
162, 163
56
229
91
151
183, 184
882 47 L. T. (N.S.), 432
787 Mor. Die, 8310
887 12A. C, 326
812 16 East, 317
31
26
37,38,220,221,222
56,86
842 II Sim., 31 88, loi, 112
892 40 W. R., 235 162
786 I Cox Cha. Cas., 283 16, 27, 113. 164
ENGLISH CASES
XXI
Carr v. Hood
1808
I Gamp., 354 n
213
Gary v. Faden
1799
5 Ves. 24
16, 46
Gary v. Kearsley .
1802
4 Esp., 168
16, 75^98,
113
12. 16, 26
100,
lOI,
Gary v. Longman .
1801
I East, 358
Gassell v. Stiff
1856
2 K. and J., 279
53. 202
Gate V. Devon
1889
40 Ch. D., 500
II, 21, 48,
99, 100,
50,
102
88,
Ghappell v. Boosey
1882
21 Ch. I)., 232
121, 127
Ghappell v. Davidson
1855
2 K. and J., 123
210
>) >>
1S56
18 G. B., 194
46, 49, 87,
93
Ghappell v. Purday
1843
12 M. and W., 303
54, 55, 79
)) ))
1845
14 M. and W., 303
40, 42
Ghappell v. Sheard
1855
2 K. and J., 117
50, 210
Chatterton v. Gave
1875
L. R., 10 C. P., 572
25,26, 98,
123,
139
)) f>
1878
3 A. C, 483
25> 26, 97,
138
14, 33
98,
102,
Ghilton V. Progress Print
[1895], 2 Ch., 29
ing Go.
Ghurch v. Linton .
1894
25 Ont. Rep., 131
i9> 24, ZZ
Glark V. Bell .
1804
Mor. Die. Literary
Property, App. 9
92
Glark v. Bishop
1872
25 L. T. (N.S.), 908
47, 120, 124,
T •? 'I
133,
Clarke v. Freeman .
1848
II Beav., 112
134
214
Glark v. Price
1819
2 Wills, C. C, 157
227
Clay V. Yates
1856
I H. and N., 73
231
Clement v. Maddick
1859
I Giff., 98
loi, 207, 209,
210
Clementi v. Golding
1809
2 Gamp., 25
II, 36
dementi v. Walker
1824
2 B. and G., 861
40, 41, 75,
77
Clowes V. Hogg
1870
W. N., 268
210
Cobbett V. Woodward
1872
L. R., 14 Eq., 407
18, 19. 95.
238
Cocks V. Purday .
1848
5 C. B., 860
40, 42, 76,
77,
79,
Golburn v. Duncombe
1838
9 Sim., 151
93
76; 78
Golburn v. Simms .
1843
2 Hare, 543
85, 86, 90
Cole V. Gear .
1888
4 T. L. R., 246
141
Coleman v. Wathen
1793
5 T. R.. 245
37, 122
Gollette V. Goode .
1878
7 Ch. D., 842
93
GoUingridge v. Emmott
1887
57 L. T. (N.S.), 864
50, 51, 71
CoUis V. Cater
i8q8
78 L. T. (N.S.), 613
19
Gomyns v. Hyde .
1895
43 W. R., 266
35, 149
Constable v. Brewster
1824
3 S., 215
209, 229
Cooper, in re
1902
19 Pat. Des. and
Trade Mark Gases,
31
Cooper V. Stephens
—
53
[1895], I Ch., 567
34, 78, 81,
98,
99,
118, 154
, 16
D
Cooper V. Whittingham
1880
15 Ch. D., 501
84, 85, 87,
102
Goote V. Ingram
1887
35 Ch. D., 117
95
Goote V. Judd
1883
23 Ch. D., 727
70, 93
Cornish v. Upton .
1861
4 L. T. (N.S.), 862
17
XXll
TABLE OF CASES
Corns V. Grififiths .
Correspondent News
paper v. Saunders
Cowan V. Milbourn
Cowen V. Hulton .
Cox V. Cox .
Cox V. Land and Water
Cumberland v. Copeland
!» 11
Cumberland v. Planch^
D'Almaine v. Boosey
Davidson, ex parte.
11 11
Davidson v. Bohn .
Davis V. Comitti
Day V. Simpson
De Berenger v. Wheble
Delfe V. Delamotte
Delondre v. Shaw .
Dennison v. Ashdown
Dickens v. Lee
Dicks V. Brooks
Dicks V. Yates
Dobson, ex parte .
Dodsley v. Kinnersley
Dodson V. Martin .
Donaldson v. Beckett
Du Bost V. Beresford
Duck V. Bates
Duck V. Mayen
Dupuy V. Dilkes
Eaton v. Lake
Ellis V. Marshall .
Ellis V. Ogden
Exchange Telegraph ;
Central News
Exchange Telegraph i
Gregory
Eyre v. Carnan
Eyre v. Walker
Fairlie v. Boosey .
Farina v. Silverlock
Fishburn v. Hollingshead
Fisher v. Folds
Fitzbull V. Brooke .
Fores v. Johnes
Forrester v. Walker
873 [1873], W. N., 93 210
865 II Jur. (N.S.), 540 48, 208
867 L. R., 2 Ex.
882 46 L. T. (N.S.), 897
853 I Eq. Rep., 94
869 L R., 9 Eq., 324
S61 7 H. and N., 118
862 I H. and C, 194
834 I A. and E., 580
835 I Y. and C Ex., 288
853 18 C. B., 296
856 2 E. and B., 577
848 6 C B., 456
885 52 L T. (N.S.), 539
865 18 C. B. (N.S.), 680
819 2 Stark, 548
857 3 K. and J., 581
828 2 Sim., 237
897 13 T. L. R., 226
844 8 Jur., 183
880 15 Ch. D., 22
881 18 Ch. D., 76
892 12 N. Z. L. R., 171
761 Amb., 403
880 24 Sol. J., 572
774 2 Bro. P. C, 129
810 2 Camp., 51 1
884 13 Q- B. D., 843
S92 8 T. L. R., 339
879 48 L. J. Ch., 682
888 20 Q. B. D., 378
895 II T. L. R., 522
894 II T. L. R., 56
— [1897], 2 Ch., 48
— [1896], I Q. B., 147 37, 219
1 781 6 Bac. Abr., 509 59
1735 4 Burr., 2325 6
46
212
77, 214
II, 21, 48.89,
206
134
77
135
36,37,42,97,
113,
115, 142
54, 55
54
77, 80, 164
14, 32
126
157
86, 90
42, 86
79
116
95, 157, 159,
213
48,52,96,207
,212
41, 80
115, 116
46
6, 8, 61, 122,
152,
206, 220
174
136
142
79, 172
77. 118, 134,
142
175, 176, 180
175. 176
37, 219
1879 4 A. C, 711
1858 4 K. and T-, 650
- [1891], 2Ch.,37i
1834 I Jon. Ir. Ex., 12
1844 2 D. and L., 477
1802 4 Esp., 97
1741 4 Burr., 2331
53, 134
168
199, 200
35
144
152, 174
220
ENGLISH CASES
XXlll
Fourmat v. Pearson
French v. Day
Frowde v. Parish .
Fuller V. Blackpool Winter
Gardens
1897 14 T. L. R., 82
1893 9 T. L. R, 548
1896 27 Ont. Rep., 526
— [1895], 2 Q. B., 429
14
141
77, 191
124, 126, 131
Gale v. Leckie
Gambart v. Sumner
Gambart v. Ball
Garland v. Gemmill
Gee V. Pritchard
Geissendorfer v. Mendels-
sohn
Gibson v. Carruthers
Gilbert v. Boosey .
Gilbert v. Star Newspaper
Gillett V. Mawman
Goubard v. Wallace
Grace v. Newman .
Granard v. Dunkin
Graves, ex parte
Graves, ex parte Walker .
Graves v. Ashford .
Graves v. Gorrie
Graves v. Mercer .
Green v. Irish Independent
Grierson v. Jackson
Griffin v. Kingston
Griffith V. Tower Publish-
ing Company
Crimson v. Eyre
Guggenheim v. Leng
Guichard v. Mori .
Gyles V. Wilcox
Hall, m re .
Hall V. Whittington
Hanbury v. Dumsday
Hanfstaengl v. American
Tobacco
THE LAW OF COPYRIGHT
A TREATISE UPON
THE LAW OF COPYRIGHT
IN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND THE DOMINIONS
OF THE CROWN, AND IN THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA
CONTAINING A FULL APPENDIX OF ALL ACTS OF PARLIAMENT
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, ORDERS IN COUNCIL
TREASURY MINUTE AND ACTS OF CONGRESS
NOW IN FORCE
By E. J. MACGILLIVRAY, LL.B. (Cantab.)
OF THE INNER TEMPLE, BARRISTER-AT-LAW
MEMBER OF THE FACULTY OF ADVOCATES IN SCOTLAND
LONDON
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET
NEW YORK : E. P. BUTTON & CO.
1902
C7S
TO
THOMAS EDWARD SCRUTTON, Esq., K.C.
IN GRATITUDE FOR
MUCH INSTRUCTION AND KINDNESS
399173
PREFACE
The foundations of this work were laid by my endeavours to
understand what is perhaps the most compHcated and obscure
series of statutes in the statute book. In working from time to
time at the Law of Copyright I found great want of a text-
book which should be exhaustive of the case law, and at the
same time contain a concise and clearly arranged epitome
of the statutory provisions. This want I have tried to supply
for myself in the present compilation, and it is now published
in the hope that it may prove useful to others. The present
law is bad both in substance and form, but it is the more
essential that those who have anything to do with literary or
artistic property should comprehend it in so far as it is com-
in dealing with Copyright than with any other branch of the
law.
We have for some time been on the eve of a general
codification and amendment of the Law of Copyright. It
is, however, an eve of long and indefinite duration. It is
now twenty-eight years since the Royal Commission on Copy-
right was appointed, and still nothing has been done to
amehorate the lamentable condition in which the Com-
missioners then found the law. Dissensions among those
who are interested in Copyright, failure to come to a satis-
factory arrangement with the colonies, and want of time at
the disposal of the legislature are mainly responsible for this
delay. In the meantime it is well that all those who are
interested in Copyright should made themselves conversant
viii PREFACE
with the law as it now is, so that when the time for legis-
lation does at last come the result may be the more
satisfactory.
I have added to this work Part II., dealing with Copyright
in the United States, and I hope it may prove useful not
only to English but to American lawyers and publishers.
I have to acknowledge much assistance in the preparation
of this work and many invaluable suggestions from my
friends, Mr. Langridge, of the Middle Temple, and Mr.
Mackinnon, of the Inner Temple.
E. J. MACGILLIVRAY.
3 Temple Gardens,
June 1902.
CONTENTS
PAGE
Table of English, Scotch, Irish, Indian, and Colonial Cases xix
Table of Cases in the United States xxxi
PART I
THE LAW OF COPYRIGHT IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
AND THE DOMINIONS OF THE CROWN
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTORY 3
CHAPTER II
WHAT BOOKS ARE PROTECTED
Sec. I. What is an Original Book lo
Definition of a Book lo
Essential Elements of a Book n
Physical Form U
Literary Matter 13
Originality '5
Examples of what are Books 16
Sec. 2. Publication 3^
Divestitive Publication 37
Investitive Publication 3^
First Publication within the British Dominions .... 40
Sec. 3. Author's Nationality 42
Sec. 4- Immoral Works 46
Sec. 5. Registration 46
Before Action 4^
The Requisite Entry 49
The Actual Title 49
The Time of First Publication S^
The Name and Place of Abode of the Publisher ... 52
The Name and Place of Abode of the Proprietor ... 52
Certificate of Registration 53
False Entries 54
Rectification of Register 54
X CONTENTS
PAGE
Sec. 6. Delivery of Copies to Libraries 55
Sec. 7. Duration of Protection 56
Sec. 8. Copyright in Lectures 57
CHAPTER III
THE OWNER OF THE COPYRIGHT IN BOOKS
Sec. I. The Crown 59
Sec. 2. The Universities 61
Sec. 3. The Author 62
Sec. 4. The Employer 66
Under Section 18 66
Scope of Section 67
Under such Employment ........ 68
On Terms that Copyright shall belong to such Proprietor . 68
Joint Employers 71
Payment 71
Author's Separate Rights 72
Employer's Rights where Section 18 does not apply .... 73
Sec. 5. The Assignee 74
Before Publication 74
After Publication 77
Partial Assignment 80
Assignment distinguished from Licence 8i
Sec. 6. The Licensee 82
Sec. 7. The Executors or Administrators 83
Sec. 8. The Trustee in Bankruptcy 83
CHAPTER IV
INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT IN BOOKS
Sec. I. Prohibited Acts, and Remedies
Causing to be Printed
Damages .
Account of Profits
Injunction .
Delivery up of Copies
Customs Act
Every Offence .
Limitation of Acti
Pleading
Evidence
Discovery .
Mode of Trial
Costs .
Sec. 2. What is a Piratical Copy
What is a Copy ....
A Substantial Part must be Taken
84
85
86
86
86
89
91
91
91
92
94
94
94
95
96'
97
97
CONTENTS xi
PAGE
No Animus Furandi need be Proved loo
Taking not necessarily for Profit loi
Copying may be Indirect and Unintentional 102
Custom of Trade 102
Fair Use 103
No one can Monopolize a Field of Labour .... 103
No Infringement to take Facts ....... 104
No Infringement to take the General Scheme of another's
Work 105
Every Author must do his own work .105
Work with a Different Object ....... 109
Extract for purpose of Criticism . . . . . .111
Improvement or Addition of New Matter no Excuse . . 112
Dramatization of a Novel . . . . . . . .114
Abridgments 114
Translations . . 116
Licence 118
Abandonment 119
Acquiescence and Delay . . . . . . . . .119
Provision against the Suppression of Books . . . . .119
CHAPTER V
PERFORMING RIGHTS
Sec. I. Nature of Performing Right 120
Sec. 2. Performing Right at Common Law .... 121
Sec. 3. What is a Dramatic Work 123
Sec. 4. What Dramatic Works are Protected, and Duration
of Protection 126
Sec. 5. What is a Musical Composition 130
Sec. 6. What Musical Works are Protected, and Duration
of Protection 130
Sec. 7. Registration of Performing Rights .... 131
Musical Compositions 133
Sec. 8. Assignment of Performing Rights 134
Sec. 9. Infringement of Dramatic Performing Rights . . 135
Public Performance . . 135
Substantial Part 138
Causing to be Represented '139
Knowledge 142
Innocent Agents 142
Licence 142
Sec. 10. Infringement of Musical Performing Rights . . 142
Substantial Part 142
Public Performance ... 143
Causing to be Represented 143
Sec. II. Remedies for Infringement of Dramatic Performing
Rights 144
Sec. 12. Remedies for Infringement of Musical Performing
Rights 145
Xll
CONTENTS
CHAPTER VI
COPYRIGHT IN ENGRAVINGS
Sec. I. What Works are Protected
WTiat is an Original Engraving
Originality ...........
Maps, Charts, and Plans
Engravings in a Book .........
Must the Engraving be made within the British Dominions .
The Engraving must be First Published within the British
Dominions .
Date of First Publication and Proprietor's Name ....
Name of Proprietor
Immoral Works
Duration of Protection . .
Sec. 2. The Owner of the Copyright
The Engraver .
The Employer
The Assignee
Sec. 3. Infringement of the Copyright
Prohibited Acts and Remedies
Guilty Knowledge
Limitation of Action
Costs
Copying for Private Use
What is a Piratical Copy
Licence a Defence .........
PAGE
146
46
47
48
49
50
50
51
51
52
52
52
52
53
54
55
55
56
56
56
56
56
59
CHAPTER VII
COPYRIGHT IN SCULPTURE
Sec. I, What Works are Protected 161
What is an Original Sculpture 161
The Sculpture must be First Published within the British Dominions 162
Publication 162
Author's Nationality 162
Proprietor's Name and Date 162
Proprietor's Name ......... 163
Date 163
Immoral Works 163
Duration of Protection 163
Sec. 2. The Owner of the Copyright 164
The Artist 164
The Employer 164
The Assignee 164
CONTENTS xiii
PAGE
Sec. 3. Infringement of the Copyright 164
Prohibited Acts and Remedies 164
Guilty Knowledge . 165
Limitation of Action 165
Copying for Private Use i6c
What is a Piratical Copy 165
CHAPTER VIII
COPYRIGHT IN PAINTINGS, DRAWINGS, AND
PHOTOGRAPHS
Sec. I. What Works are Protected 167
Every Original Painting, Drawing, or Photograph .... 167
Originality 167
Artistic Merit 168
Publication Outside the British Dominions 168
Published ........... 169
Nationality or Residence of Artist 170
Registration 171
The Requisite Entry 171
Name 173
Place of Abode 173
Short Description 173
Duration of Protection . 174
Sec. 2. The Owner of the Copyright 174
The "Author" .... 174
The Employer 175
The Assignee 176
Sec. 3. Infringement 177
Prohibited Acts and Remedies 177
Cause or Procure 178
Innocent Agent 179
Unlawful Copy 179
Separate Offence ,179
Copying for Private Use 180
Action on Breach of Contract 180
Fraudulent Acts 180
Limitation of Action 181
Evidence 181
What is a Piratical Copy . 181
No Monopoly 181
W^at is a Copy 181
General Idea may be Taken 182
Material Part 183
Indirect Taking .......... 184
Guilty Knowledge 184
Replicas 184
Licence a Defence 184
XIV
CONTENTS
CHAPTER IX
COLONIAL COPYRIGHT
Books .
Artistic Works
PAGE
1 86
191
CHAPTER X
INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT
Works Produced in His Majesty's Dominions 193
Works Produced in Foreign Countries with which this Country has
no Treaty 193
Works Produced in Foreign Countries with which this Country has
a Treaty I93
What Foreign Works are entitled to Protection . . . -195
Produced 195
Character of Work 196
Unpublished Work 196
Special Provisions . 197
Works Produced in Foreign Countries before 6th December 1887 . 197
Formalities Required in case of Foreign Work .... 198
Who are Entitled to Sue in respect of a Foreign Work . . . 200
Evidence of Title 200
Protection afforded to Foreign Works 200
Works Published before 6th December 1887 .... 202
Translating Right 203
Articles in Newspapers and Periodicals ..... 204
Photographic Works 204
Performing Right in Dramatic or Dramatic Musical Works . 204
Express Provision as to particular kind of Infringement . . 205
CHAPTER XI
COMMON LAW
Title — Passing off
Whether Protection is based on a Right of Property in Title
Knowledge of Existence and Value on the part of the Public
Non-user of Title ....
No Fraud need be Proved .
Must be Calculated to Deceive .
Cases in which an Injunction Granted
Cases where Injunction Refused .
Malicious Criticism
Slander of Title
206
207
208
208
209
209
209
211
213
213
CONTENTS XV
PAGE
Author who has parted with Copyright is entitled to Protect his
Reputation 213
Protection from Breach of Faith or Contract 215
Unpublished Works 220
Speeches and Sermons 223
Letters 225
CHAPTER XII
PUBLISHING AND PRINTING AGREEMENTS
Publishers' Agreements 227
Printers' Agreements 230
PART II
THE LAW OF COPYRIGHT IN THE UNITED STATES
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTORY 235
CHAPTER II
WHAT WORKS ARE ENTITLED TO COPYRIGHT
Sec. I. An Original Literary or Artistic Work . . . 236
Sec. 2. Nationality of the Author 247
Sec. 3. Necessary Formalities 250
Conditions Precedent 251
Dehvery of Title 251
Delivery of Description 253
Delivery of Copies 253
Printing in the United States 254
Retrospective Provision 254
Notice of Copyright 255
Publication 260
Sec. 4. Immoral Works 266
Sec. 5. Duration of Copyright 267
CHAPTER III
WHO IS THE OWNER OF THE COPYRIGHT
Sec. I. The Author 269
Sec. 2. The Employer 271
Sec. 3. The State 272
Sec. 4. The Assignee 272
xvi CONTENTS
CHAPTER IV
INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT
PAGE
Sec. I. What is a Piratical Copy 276
Copying may be Indirect 277
The Intention need not be Bad 277
Proof of Copying .......... 277
No Monopoly in the Subject- Matter 278
Taking a Substantial Part 279
Fair Use 281
Improvement no Excuse 283
Different Object 283
Extract for Review 284
Abridgments 284
Translations 286
Dramatic Performing Right 286
Musical Rights 287
Sec. 2. Prohibited Acts and Remedies 287
Account of Profits 289
Damages 290
Penalties 290
Forfeiture 290
Injunction 291
Who is Liable 291
Limitation of Action 292
Acquiescence 292
Pleading 293
Penalties for affixing False Notice 293
Importing Books Printed outside the United States .... 294
CHAPTER V
COMMON LAW RIGHTS
Sec. I. Published Work 296
Passing Off 296
Sec. 2. Unpublished Work 298
APPENDIX
BRITISH STATUTES
The Engraving Copyright Act, 1734 303
The Engraving Copyright Act, 1766 305
The Copyright Act, 1775 (Universities) ...... 307
The Prints Copyright Act, 1777 310
The Sculpture Copyright Act, 1814 311
CONTENTS
The Dramatic Copyright Act, 1833 ....
The Lectures Copyright Act, 1S35 ....
The Prints and Engravings Copyright Act, 1836
The Copyright Act, 1836 (Compensation to Libraries)
The Copyright Act, 1842
The International Copyright Act, 1844
The Colonial Copyright Act, 1847 ....
Copyright in Designs Act, 1850, sees. 6 and 7 (Sculpture
The International Copyright Act, 1852
The Fine Arts Copyright Act, 1862
The International Copyright Act, 1875 . • .
The Canada Copyright Act, 1875 .
The Customs Laws Consolidation Act, 1876.
The Copyright (Musical Compositions) Act, 1882
The International Copyright Act, 1886
The Copyright (Musical Compositions) Act, 1888
The Revenue Act, 1889
xvii
PAGE
3^3
315
316
317
317
329
337
338
339
343
348
349
350
351
353
360
361
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
The Berne Convention, 1886
Order in Council, 1887
The Additional Act of Paris, if
Order in Council, 1898
361
370
373
376
TREASURY MINUTE
Government Publications Treasury Minute, li
377
AMERICAN STATUTES
Revised Statutes, 1874
Act of Congress, June 18, 1874 .
August I, 1882 .
October i, 1890
March 3, 1891 .
March 3, 1893 .
March 2, 1895 .
January 6, 1897
March 3, 1897 .
379
384
384
385
385
389
390
390
391
TABLE OF CASES
N.B. In the page references the figures in larger type indicate tliat the fads of
the case will be found most fully stated on that particular page.
ENGLISH, SCOTCH, IRISH, INDIAN, AND COLONIAL CASES
Abernethy v. Hutchin-
son 209
Adams v. Batley . . 1887 18 Q. B. D., 625
Aflalo V. Lawrence. . — [1902], i Ch., 264
Ager V. CoUingridge . 1886 2 T. L. R., 291
Agar V. P. & O. Steam 1884 26 Ch. D., 637
Navigation Co
1825 3 L. J. (O.S.), Ch., 37, T,%, 219, 222,
224
144
71
20
Alexander v. Mackenzie
Allen V. Lyon
Anglo-Canadian v. Suck
ling
Anonymous Case .
Anstruther v. Bentley
Archbold v. Sweet
Austria, Emperor of, v.
Day
Avanzo v. Mudie .
Avery v. Wood
Bach v. Longman .
Baily v. Taylor
Barfield v. Nicholson
Barnett v. Glossop .
Baschet v. Lojidon Illus-
trated Standard
Baskett v. Cunningham .
Baskett v. University of 1758 2 Burr., 661
Cambridge
20, 102, 118
23, 101, 104
118
191
115
228
214
90
200
144, 156
1777 2 Cowp., 623 36, 97
1829 I Russ. and My., 73 15, 23, 86, 87
105, 109
1824 2 Sim. and Stu., i
1835 I Bing., N. C, 633
— [1900], I Ch., 73
1847 9 D., 748
1884 5 Ont. Rep., 615
1889 17 Ont. Rep., 239
1774 Lofift, 775
1866 14 W. R., 630
1832 5 C. and P., 219
1861 4 L. T. (N.S.), 494
1854 10 Exch., 203
— [1891], 3 Ch., 115
1762 I Wm. Black, 370
62, 220, 229
93
46, 152, 174, 179
180, 201
59. 60
59
Bastow, ex parte .
Beal, ex parte
Beckford v. Hood .
Beere v. Ellis
Bell V. Walker
Bell V. Whitehead .
Bensley v. Bignold
1854 14 C. B., 631
1868 L. R., 3 Q. B., 387
1798 7 T. R., 620
1889 5 T. L. R., 330
1785 I Bro. Ch. Cas., 450 115
1839 8 L. J. Ch., 141 112
1822 5 B. and Aid., 335 230
54, 8x. 82
9I' ^73. 179. i^
184
36, 47, 86, 206
138
XX
TABLE OF CASES
Bentley r. Foster .
Black V. Murray & Son
Blackie v. Aikman .
Blackwell 7'. Harper
Blake ?'. Nicholson
Blanchett v. Ingram
Bleaden v. Hancock
Bogue 7'. Houlston
Bohn V. Bogue
Bolton V. Aldin
Bolton V. London Exhi
bitions
Boosey v. Davidson
Boosey v. Fairlie
Boosey v. Jefferys
Boosey v. Purday
Boosey v. Whight
Borthwick v. Evening Post
Boucicault :â– . Chatterton
Boucicault v. Delafield
Boydell v. Urummond
Bradbury v. Beeton
Bradbury v. Dickens
Bradbury v. Hotten
Bradbury v. Sharp
Bramwell v. Halcomb
Bridgman v. Green
Britain v. Hanks .
British Museum ?'. Payne
Brooke v. Chitty .
Brooke v. Milliken
Brooks V. Cock
Brooks V. Religious Tract
Society
Brown v. Cooke
Burnett v. Chetwood
Butterworth v. Kelly
Butterworth v. Robinson
Buxton 7'. James .
Byron v. Johnston
Cable 7'. Marks
Cadell V. Anderson
Caird 7'. Sime
Cambridge University v.
Bryer
Campbell v. Scott .
Caproni v. Alberti .
Carnan v. Bowles .
1839 10 Sim., 329
1870 9 M., 341
1827 5 Sh., 719
1740 2 Atk., 93
18 1 4 3 M. and S., 167
1887 3T. L. R., 687
1829 4 C. and P., 152
1852 5 De G. and Sm., 267
1846 10 Jur., 420
1895 65 L J. Q. B., 120
1898 14 T. L. R., 550
1846
1849
1877
1851
1846
1849
888
876
863
809
869
859
872
891
836
755
902
828
831
789
835
897
846
720
888
801
851
816
4 D. and L., 147
13 Q- B., 257
7 Ch. D., 301
4 Exch., 145
10 Jur., 1038
4 Exch., 145
1899], I Ch., 836
1900], I Ch., 122
37 Ch. D., 449
5 Ch. D., 267
I H. and M., 597
11 East., 142
39 L J. Ch., 57
27 Beav., 53
R., 8 Ex.,
L,
L. R., 8 Ex., I
[1891], W. N., 143
3 My. and Cr., 737
2 Ves. Sen., 627
Wright, J., April 15
2 Y. and J., 166
2 Coop. Cas., 216
3 T. R., 509
3 Ad. and E., 138
45 W. R., 476
16 L. J. Ch., 140 68, 71
2 Mer., 441 46, 117
4 T. L. R., 430 84
5 Ves., 709 28, 115
5 De G. and Sm., 80 40, 41, 42, 87
2 Meriv., 29 215
42
12, 26, 27, III
229
146, 151. 152
230
38
230
12, 34, 149
98, 10 1
181
179. 183
92. 93
42, 94
26
42
93
40, 42
II, 12
II, 33, 97
88, 207, 209, 212
36,41,127,128,129
41, 129, 193
230
207, 209, 211
207
99, 109, 110
89
99
219
162, 163
56
229
91
151
183, 184
882 47 L. T. (N.S.), 432
787 Mor. Die, 8310
887 12A. C, 326
812 16 East, 317
31
26
37,38,220,221,222
56,86
842 II Sim., 31 88, loi, 112
892 40 W. R., 235 162
786 I Cox Cha. Cas., 283 16, 27, 113. 164
ENGLISH CASES
XXI
Carr v. Hood
1808
I Gamp., 354 n
213
Gary v. Faden
1799
5 Ves. 24
16, 46
Gary v. Kearsley .
1802
4 Esp., 168
16, 75^98,
113
12. 16, 26
100,
lOI,
Gary v. Longman .
1801
I East, 358
Gassell v. Stiff
1856
2 K. and J., 279
53. 202
Gate V. Devon
1889
40 Ch. D., 500
II, 21, 48,
99, 100,
50,
102
88,
Ghappell v. Boosey
1882
21 Ch. I)., 232
121, 127
Ghappell v. Davidson
1855
2 K. and J., 123
210
>) >>
1S56
18 G. B., 194
46, 49, 87,
93
Ghappell v. Purday
1843
12 M. and W., 303
54, 55, 79
)) ))
1845
14 M. and W., 303
40, 42
Ghappell v. Sheard
1855
2 K. and J., 117
50, 210
Chatterton v. Gave
1875
L. R., 10 C. P., 572
25,26, 98,
123,
139
)) f>
1878
3 A. C, 483
25> 26, 97,
138
14, 33
98,
102,
Ghilton V. Progress Print
[1895], 2 Ch., 29
ing Go.
Ghurch v. Linton .
1894
25 Ont. Rep., 131
i9> 24, ZZ
Glark V. Bell .
1804
Mor. Die. Literary
Property, App. 9
92
Glark v. Bishop
1872
25 L. T. (N.S.), 908
47, 120, 124,
T •? 'I
133,
Clarke v. Freeman .
1848
II Beav., 112
134
214
Glark v. Price
1819
2 Wills, C. C, 157
227
Clay V. Yates
1856
I H. and N., 73
231
Clement v. Maddick
1859
I Giff., 98
loi, 207, 209,
210
Clementi v. Golding
1809
2 Gamp., 25
II, 36
dementi v. Walker
1824
2 B. and G., 861
40, 41, 75,
77
Clowes V. Hogg
1870
W. N., 268
210
Cobbett V. Woodward
1872
L. R., 14 Eq., 407
18, 19. 95.
238
Cocks V. Purday .
1848
5 C. B., 860
40, 42, 76,
77,
79,
Golburn v. Duncombe
1838
9 Sim., 151
93
76; 78
Golburn v. Simms .
1843
2 Hare, 543
85, 86, 90
Cole V. Gear .
1888
4 T. L. R., 246
141
Coleman v. Wathen
1793
5 T. R.. 245
37, 122
Gollette V. Goode .
1878
7 Ch. D., 842
93
GoUingridge v. Emmott
1887
57 L. T. (N.S.), 864
50, 51, 71
CoUis V. Cater
i8q8
78 L. T. (N.S.), 613
19
Gomyns v. Hyde .
1895
43 W. R., 266
35, 149
Constable v. Brewster
1824
3 S., 215
209, 229
Cooper, in re
1902
19 Pat. Des. and
Trade Mark Gases,
31
Cooper V. Stephens
—
53
[1895], I Ch., 567
34, 78, 81,
98,
99,
118, 154
, 16
D
Cooper V. Whittingham
1880
15 Ch. D., 501
84, 85, 87,
102
Goote V. Ingram
1887
35 Ch. D., 117
95
Goote V. Judd
1883
23 Ch. D., 727
70, 93
Cornish v. Upton .
1861
4 L. T. (N.S.), 862
17
XXll
TABLE OF CASES
Corns V. Grififiths .
Correspondent News
paper v. Saunders
Cowan V. Milbourn
Cowen V. Hulton .
Cox V. Cox .
Cox V. Land and Water
Cumberland v. Copeland
!» 11
Cumberland v. Planch^
D'Almaine v. Boosey
Davidson, ex parte.
11 11
Davidson v. Bohn .
Davis V. Comitti
Day V. Simpson
De Berenger v. Wheble
Delfe V. Delamotte
Delondre v. Shaw .
Dennison v. Ashdown
Dickens v. Lee
Dicks V. Brooks
Dicks V. Yates
Dobson, ex parte .
Dodsley v. Kinnersley
Dodson V. Martin .
Donaldson v. Beckett
Du Bost V. Beresford
Duck V. Bates
Duck V. Mayen
Dupuy V. Dilkes
Eaton v. Lake
Ellis V. Marshall .
Ellis V. Ogden
Exchange Telegraph ;
Central News
Exchange Telegraph i
Gregory
Eyre v. Carnan
Eyre v. Walker
Fairlie v. Boosey .
Farina v. Silverlock
Fishburn v. Hollingshead
Fisher v. Folds
Fitzbull V. Brooke .
Fores v. Johnes
Forrester v. Walker
873 [1873], W. N., 93 210
865 II Jur. (N.S.), 540 48, 208
867 L. R., 2 Ex.
882 46 L. T. (N.S.), 897
853 I Eq. Rep., 94
869 L R., 9 Eq., 324
S61 7 H. and N., 118
862 I H. and C, 194
834 I A. and E., 580
835 I Y. and C Ex., 288
853 18 C. B., 296
856 2 E. and B., 577
848 6 C B., 456
885 52 L T. (N.S.), 539
865 18 C. B. (N.S.), 680
819 2 Stark, 548
857 3 K. and J., 581
828 2 Sim., 237
897 13 T. L. R., 226
844 8 Jur., 183
880 15 Ch. D., 22
881 18 Ch. D., 76
892 12 N. Z. L. R., 171
761 Amb., 403
880 24 Sol. J., 572
774 2 Bro. P. C, 129
810 2 Camp., 51 1
884 13 Q- B. D., 843
S92 8 T. L. R., 339
879 48 L. J. Ch., 682
888 20 Q. B. D., 378
895 II T. L. R., 522
894 II T. L. R., 56
— [1897], 2 Ch., 48
— [1896], I Q. B., 147 37, 219
1 781 6 Bac. Abr., 509 59
1735 4 Burr., 2325 6
46
212
77, 214
II, 21, 48.89,
206
134
77
135
36,37,42,97,
113,
115, 142
54, 55
54
77, 80, 164
14, 32
126
157
86, 90
42, 86
79
116
95, 157, 159,
213
48,52,96,207
,212
41, 80
115, 116
46
6, 8, 61, 122,
152,
206, 220
174
136
142
79, 172
77. 118, 134,
142
175, 176, 180
175. 176
37, 219
1879 4 A. C, 711
1858 4 K. and T-, 650
- [1891], 2Ch.,37i
1834 I Jon. Ir. Ex., 12
1844 2 D. and L., 477
1802 4 Esp., 97
1741 4 Burr., 2331
53, 134
168
199, 200
35
144
152, 174
220
ENGLISH CASES
XXlll
Fourmat v. Pearson
French v. Day
Frowde v. Parish .
Fuller V. Blackpool Winter
Gardens
1897 14 T. L. R., 82
1893 9 T. L. R, 548
1896 27 Ont. Rep., 526
— [1895], 2 Q. B., 429
14
141
77, 191
124, 126, 131
Gale v. Leckie
Gambart v. Sumner
Gambart v. Ball
Garland v. Gemmill
Gee V. Pritchard
Geissendorfer v. Mendels-
sohn
Gibson v. Carruthers
Gilbert v. Boosey .
Gilbert v. Star Newspaper
Gillett V. Mawman
Goubard v. Wallace
Grace v. Newman .
Granard v. Dunkin
Graves, ex parte
Graves, ex parte Walker .
Graves v. Ashford .
Graves v. Gorrie
Graves v. Mercer .
Green v. Irish Independent
Grierson v. Jackson
Griffin v. Kingston
Griffith V. Tower Publish-
ing Company
Crimson v. Eyre
Guggenheim v. Leng
Guichard v. Mori .
Gyles V. Wilcox
Hall, m re .
Hall V. Whittington
Hanbury v. Dumsday
Hanfstaengl v. American
Tobacco
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43
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