The University of California and its relations to industrial education : as shown by Prof. Carr's reply to the grangers and mechanics; Prof. Swinton's testimony before the Legislature; the new education, by Columella; memorial to the Legislature by joint committee of the state grange and mechanics online

following objects:

First — The improvement of such portions of the University grounds as may be required to
illustrate practically the subjects taught in the Department of Agriculture, and the adaptation
of this State to various cultures. The erection of a plain, convenient, and commodious farm
house, with suitable outhouses, to be occupied by the Professor of Agriculture, or some practi-
cal farmer to act under his direction. To this an orchard, vineyard, vegetable and flower gar-
den, and a poultry yard should be attached ; also, a propagating house, and, as soon as practi-
cable, a conservatory. The culture of cereals, textiles, and other valuable vegetable produc-
tions ; the rearing of stock, bees, and silk worms should be illustrated, on a small scale, epito-
mizing the entire range of agricultural industries.

Second -The appropriation of a sufficient amount to secure the necessary practical instruction
in the mechanic arts ; to provide blacksmiths', carpenters', cabinet, and machine shops, and
printing press, under the supervision of competent persons.

We by no means expect to accomplish all this at once, but we ask means to secure to the
youth of our State, with proper economy and despatch, the advantages enjoyed by students of
the best developed institutions which owe their existence to the same foundation. We desire
that the grounds of our University, its museums, parks and gardens, may eventually become
as those of the Garden of Plants at Paris ; and that our College of Mechanic Arts may, without
needless delay, rival the Technological School in Boston. We ask that in keeping with the
educational standards of the age, the principles of object teaching and practical instruction be
conducted in connection with the ideal and theoretical, and occupy in the chief school of the
State the position which their importance demands. We believe that nowhere will the dignity
of labor be bo strongly impressed upon the mind as in those higher institutions of learning,
organized for the benefit of the most important class of laborers, where the acquisition of skill
goes hand in hand with the acquisition of knowledge.

We find that the Board of Regents, as at present constituted, does not sufficiently represent
the various portions and interests of the State. Though composed of gentlemen of the highest
position and worth, they reside, mainly, in San Francisco and Oakland, and although they have
been zealous in their efforts to secure the prosperity of the institution, we believe that the best
interests of education would be promoted by an amendment of the Act so as to unify the Uni-
versity with the other departments ol State education. We therefore respectfully ask such



MEMORIAL. Ill

f

amendment of this Act, and of -other Acts, as shall constitute a State Board of Edncation, hav-
ing charge of the University, the Normal School, and other public schools, and to consist of
fifteen Regents, viz : Seven ex-officio— the Governor , Lieutenant Governor, Speaker of the As-
sembly, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, President ol the State Agricultural Society,
Master of the State Grange, and President of the Mechanics' Iustitute of San Francisco ; also
two Members from each Congressional District, to be appointed from their districts by the
Governor, with the consent of the Senate, for their first terms, and afterwards to be elected by
the people as vacancies occur. We also reeomend that any nine members shall constitute a
quorum, as the Board of Education, or as the Board of Regents for the University or as the
Board of Trustees of the State Normal School. We ask that they be so selected as to represent
the various industrial interests, occupations, and professions of the citizens of the State.

The law (Article Four, section fourteen hundred and filty of the new Code), clearly provides
that the Secretary of the Board of Regents must be a practical farmer, and must reside and
keep his office at the site of the University. These requirements having been hitherto disre-
garded, vi e r commfiid that the law be either rigidly enforced or essentialy modified.

It is generally understood that a portion of the lauds donated by Congress for the purposes
of industrial education in California, have been sold at five dollars per acre, one fifth of the
amount having been paid down, and it is understood that the fund thus obtained has been used
in paying Protessorships and scholarships in our University. But it is the misfortune of the
people of California to know very little about these lands and their present condition, while
they do know that in other States, in consequence of mismanagement, only a small part of
the real value of school and University lands has been realized. In some instances timber
lands valued at thirty and fifty dollars per acre have been taken up, the first payments made,
the timber removed, and the lands forfeited. It is clearly the right of the people to have cor-
rect information on this subject.

We do therefore petition your honorable body that a University Committee be carefully se-
lected from your number whose duty it shall be to examine fully, minutely, and impartially
into the location and present condition of all lands donated to California for these purposes ;
to ascertain what has accrued from the sales thereof, and how the same has been expended ;
and that the necessary power be granted them to send for persons, books and papprs, to admin-
ister the necessary oaths, and take the testimony for the thorough investigation of the whole
question, and that the results of such investigation be published without unnecessary delay,
for the information of the people.

In view of the important fact that another bill was introduced into Congress, at the late sess-
ion (by Mr. Merrill, the author of the original bill ; see Agricultural Report, pp. 34H, 872), which
it is expected will be passed during the coming Winter, giving to each of the industrial Uni-
versities in operation an additional grant of five hundred thousand acres, we also request that
our Legislature memorialize Congress so to amend the law regarding the locations upon ur.-
surveyed lands as to protect actual settlers in their improvements up to the time that the lo-
cator can make his selection by sections or subdivisions.

As a means of redress for siezures under the existing law, we als<» recommend that our
Legislature forthwith pass an Act, providing that in all cases where contests have arisen, or
may hereafter arise, before the Board of Regents of the University upon the University lands,
and the contestant shall feel aggrieved at the decision of said Board, he shall have the right
of appeal to the District Court by giving the usual notice of said appeal.

We respectfully recommend that all the University funds be kept in the State Treasury,
subject only to order in proper form for University disbursements.

As we are now informed that the funds hitherto appropriated are exhausted, and that addi-
tonal appropriations will be required at the present session to add other and needed improve-
ments, in accordance with the original plan, your petitioners would respectfully ask that in
addition to the sum required for monthly current expenses, the following be specifically appro-
priated :

For farm, buildings, implements, stock, etc., twenty-five thousand dollars.

For annual farm and garden expenses, payment of students and other labor, salary of farmer
and gardener, expenses of lectures from experts in special cultures, agricultural, entomology,
veteriniary science, etc., collection and preparation of specimens for museum of agriculture,
and incidental expenses, fifteen thousand dollars.

For mechanical shops, printing press, steam engine, and their appurtenances, fifty-thousand
dollars.

For annual expenses of mechanical shops, printing press, superintendence, students, and
skilled labor, collections of models and raw materials for Museum of Mechanic Arts, lectures
on technical subjects connected with mechanical pursuits by skilled persons, and incidental ex-
penses, fifteen thousand dollars.

It is expected that this will furnish the carpenters', cabinet work, and printing for the insti-
tution.

It should be borne in mind that these departments are to be created, and that no part of the
twenty thousand dollars already expended for chemical and physical apparatus will supply
their technical needs.

The completion of the central building, according to the original plan, is a prime necessity in
accomplishing the gieat purpose of the University: for, in the absence of suitable rooms for
the present Museum and Library, it has been considered necessary to occupy for this purpose
a part of the College of Agriculture, a building designed to supply the wants of this department,
as is indicated by the appropriate and bountilul emblems that adorn its outer walls. In this
exigency the entire Agricultural Department is forced into the limited space of the north half
of the basement of this splendid structure, thus placing in a subordinate position which it was
never intended to occupy, what should be the most prominent department of the State Univer-
sity.

We find that a building containing an Assembly Hall ; Museum, etc., can be erected oj wood



mSSS* 0F CONGRESS




112 memorial. 029 917 799 3



at a cost of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars ; of brick, with granite facings, two hun-
dred and fifty-six thousand dollars.

The labor of students can be utilized in the construction of this and other needed
edifices and deserving young men can in this way be aided in paying a part at least of the ex-
penses of their education. Suitable dwellings should at once be erected for the accommodation
of the Professors and club houses for the students, upon the University grounds, tor which a
moderate rent might be charged. At present, both Professors and students are compelled to
live at Oakland, five milesdistant, or to provide themselves accommodations in the yet sparsely-
settled neighborhood of Berkeley, at an expense greater than their means will justify. The en
tire energies ol the University body should be concentrated in and around its scholastic home.

In conclusion, we would repeat that it is not now our object to undervalue what has been
so well done in the erection of buildings, of which the State may be justly proud ; in the open-
ing of the doors of the University to both sexes ; in making its instruction in all departments
free; in organizing the Military Department and Labor Corps; and in securing a Faculty of
zealous and able men. But, believing that the first and highest employment of men is to feed,
shelter, and clothe, the world, we ask that the graduates of our industrial colleges may be
" peers of scholars in mental culture," and peers of laborers in manual skill and physical de-
velopment.

The relations of labor to study are admirably stated in the Report of the Missouri University.

" The pupil must study till he knows what should be done, why it should be done, and how
When this is done, the intellectual division of labor is finished. The pupil must labor till he can
do work in the farm and shjp with skill; then the manual division of an industrial education,
is finished. In agriculture, he should thus learn whatever is done on the farm, in the garden,
orchard, and nursery. If it is asked : " Who shall direct the labors of the pupils i" "We an-
swer : " The teacher of the principles put in practice, that useless and impracticable theories .
may not be introduced."

Agriculture is far from being an exact science, and its conditions on this coast are peculiar
We ask that our University be- mile useful to the largest number of our citizens, by accurate
annual reports of work done, experiments made, and results arrived at.

Agriculture in its various departments, should be so taught and practiced in our University
as to send forth scientific farmers, who3e labor and skill can utilize the soil and develop its
greatest resources, while the mechanical department should graduate learned and skilled me-
chanics, who shall add dignity and worth to labor ; and it is the earnest desire and purpose of
agriculturists and mechanics of this State to make these great departments of industry the
leading features of our State University, and for this purpose we expect your cordial co-operation ,
and such appropriations as are necessary.

Nor do we think 'that any mechanical schools in San Francisco, valuable as they may become,
can supply the place of the College of Mechanic Arts, as provided by the original plan of the
State University.

We also request the present Legislature to order that block letters be prepared and placed
upon the east and west faces of the main building of the University , marking it for all time with
the words, " Agmcoltural College of the University of California."

J. W. A. WEIGHT, W. H. BAXTER, O. L. ABBOTT,

Committee of State Grange .

E. D. SAWYER, M. J. DONOVAN, Esq, CHAS. C. TERRILL,

Committee of Deliberative Assembly.

To the Executive Committee, California State Grange :

Your committee, appointed in accordance with a resolution adopted by the State Grange at

its last session, herewith submit this memorial as their report on the measures contained therein.

J. W. A. WRIGHT, W. H. BAXTER, O. L. ABBOTT.

Resolved, That the within report be received and adopted. Carried.

To The Honorable Senate and Assembly of the State of California :

The Executive Committee of the California State Grange hereby respectfully reccommend
that your honorable body take immediate action to carry into effect the measures proposed in
this memorial.

J. M, HAMILTON, J. C. MERRYFIELD, A. B. NALLEY,

H. B; JOLLY, G. W. COLBY, J. G. GARDNER,

Executive Committee of California State Grange: