A history of southern Illinois : a narrative account of its historical progress, its people, and its principal interests (Volume v.1) online

LIBRARY OF THE

UNIVERSITY-OF ILLINOIS

AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN

977.3
Sm5h
v. 1
cop. 2



T.H.R




A HISTORY



OF



SOUTHERN ILLINOIS



A Narrative Account of its Historical Progress, its
People, and its Principal Interests



BY

George Washington Smith, M. A.



VOLUME I



ILLUSTRATED



THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY

CHICAGO AND NEW YORK
1912



COPYRIGHT, 1912

BY
THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY



5 n



V.



INTRODUCTORY



The richest heritage which shall ever come into our possession is the
simple story of the struggles, the sacrifices, and the triumphs of the
men and women our fore-parents who planted in this western wilder-
ness the home, the school, the church, and the state.

We shall never know that story in all its fullness and completeness.
For the noble men and women who opened up the way for civilization




SPINNING WHEEL, SPOOL FRAME, AND WARPING BARS

in all this western country, have long since gone to their reward, and
they have left meager accounts of all the vicissitudes through which they
passed when "wilderness was king."

We may never realize, fully, what it meant for the men and women
of a century or more ago to leave comfortable homes, devoted friends
and relatives, the associations of childhood, aye, the graves of their
dead, and take up their weary march over mountains, across streams,
through trackless forests, to plant new homes in a wilderness inhabited
by wild beasts and wilder men.

It is the purpose of this little volume to reveal a portion of that
story to our people, and especially to the boys and girls while they are
yet free from the cares of the graver responsibilities of life. If these
young people shall ever come into possession of their inheritance, we
may not fear for the future of our homes nor for the destiny of the
state.

The tendency of those who gather up the history of a state or of a
nation is to put much stress upon the political movements and greatly
to neglect the other phases of a people's life. As individuals and as a

iii



IV



INTRODUCTORY



people we do not have very definite notions of the march of progress in
the social life of our people; or of the industrial movement which has
revolutionized all kinds of labor. Likewise we find it difficult to formu-
late definite notions of our religious and educational advancement.

But it ought not so to be. We ought to be as deeply interested in
the unfolding of our industrial life as in the evolution of our political
history. What could be more profitable, and what more charming than
the story of the progressive steps by which our home life has moved
away from the one room log cabin with its chinks and daub, its puncheon
floor, its open fireplace, its stick chimney, its whitewashed walls, and
its creaky door upon its wooden hinges ?

This story may yet be preserved, in part at least, for there are people
now living in our midst who remember the hand cards, the spinning
wheel, the reel, the walking frame, the dull thud of the loom, as hour
by hour the mother toiled in the mystery of shuttle, and sley, and




A HOME-MADE LOOM USED IN WEAVING CARPETS

treadle, and harness, and warp, and woof. The oldest inhabitant remem-
bers vividly the shaving horse, the shoemaker's kit, the shuck collar, the
wooden mold-board, the chain traces, the broadaxe, the sugar camp,
the reap-hook, the whipsaw, the flail, and the water gristmill.

And we need only to rummage the attic of the old homestead to find
the gourd, the piggin, the powder-horn, the bullet-moulds, the hackle,
the candlestick, the swingling knife, the candle-moulds, the split bottomed
chair, and the cradle.

And who has not heard of the campmeeting with its mysterious con-
versions, its powerful sermons, its prolonged prayers, its stories of men
who came to scoff but remained to pray ? Did you ever hear the hymns
lined? Did you ever hear the tune pitched? Did you know that this
faithful preacher had toiled hard all week at farm work, and studied
his Bible at night in order to be able to shepherd his flock on Sunday ?
Did you know the church finances were never "embarrassed" in those
early days? There are those in nearly every neighborhood who carry in
a sacred corner of their memory the story of the early church. They



INTRODUCTORY v

say little about those days. But they will tell you quietly this beautiful
story of devotion and sacrifice.

And what shall we say of the pedagogue of a hundred years ago?
He was like the seasons he came and went. He had no settled home.
He taught his school in some abandoned building and ' ' boarded 'round. ' '
There were no school-book trusts, and no school-furniture combines in
those dreamy days. There were no county superintendents to refuse
certificates, and no school journals to furnish methods and devices. But
notwithstanding the meager material equipment of the schools, and the
lack of intellectual preparation in the teacher, there was yet a constant
movement toward better things. And if there was a lack of scientific




A WHEEL MORE THAN 150 YEARS OLD, USED IN SPINNING FLAX

methods in the educational processes, there was compensation in the
moral and spiritual vigor instilled into the young people of that day.
What a charming thing it would be to re-live this life with grandfather
and grandmother! Who would not enjoy going back to the old home-
stead even though it be in imagination only.

To the writer it has seemed not inappropriate to attempt to gather
up and put into convenient form this simple story of our wonderful
growth and development. His 'parents were immigrants in the early
'30 's and the story of the life of those days as it came from father and
mother is a blessed memory. This traditional knowledge has been sup-
plemented by a limited amount of original investigation, but the chief
reliance has been placed in the published histories to which the writer
has had access.

The illustrations have been secured after much research and at no
little expense, and it is hoped they may be found to be of true historical
merit.



CONTENTS



CHAPTER I
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS GEOLOGY

CIVILIZATION BASED ON GEOLOGY GENERAL SCIENTIFIC PHASE THE
GEOLOGICAL ERAS TABLE OP GEOLOGICAL TIME DIVISIONS THE GLA-
CIAL PERIOD. 1

CHAPTER II
RESOURCES OF SOUTHERN ILLINOIS

SOILS OF SOUTHERN ILLINOIS SOUTHERN ILLINOIS TIMBER OUR COAL
FIELDS STONE, OIL AND GAS SALT, LEAD AND CLAY PRAIRIE AND
TIMBER AREAS 10

CHAPTER III
INDIANS AND PREHISTORIC PEOPLES

GREAT INDIAN FAMILIES THE ILLINOIS INDIANS GREAT CHIEFS EVI-
DENCES OF PREHISTORIC PEOPLES THE CAHOKIA MOUNDS IMPLE-
MENTS, POTTERY AND PICTOGRAPHS. 23

CHAPTER IV
DISCOVERIES AND EXPLORATIONS

CLAIMANTS TO AMERICA MARQUETTE AND JOLJET THE TRIUMPHS AND
DEATH OF LASALLE His BRAVE LIEUTENANT, TONTI 33

CHAPTER V
PERMANENT SETTLEMENTS IN ILLINOIS

KASKASKIA SETTLED GRANTS OF LAND OTHER SETTLEMENTS WAR
AND PROGRESS GOVERNMENT, CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS 49

vii



viii CONTENTS

CHAPTER VI
LOUISIANA AND ILLINOIS (1732-1777)

ILLINOIS PRIOR TO THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR THE STRUGGLE FOR
THE OHIO VALLEY OLD FORT CHARTRES THE COMING OP THE
BRITISH ILLINOIS UNDER BRITISH RULE. 61

CHAPTER VII
CLARK'S CONQUEST OF THE ILLINOIS COUNTRY

CONDITIONS IN ILLINOIS CLARK'S EXPEDITION TO THE ILLINOIS COUNTRY
PUBLIC INSTRUCTIONS TO GENERAL CLARK PRIVATE INSTRUCTIONS
DOWN THE RIVER ACROSS SOUTHERN ILLINOIS CAPTURE OP KAS-
KASKIA COUNTY OP ILLINOIS 79

CHAPTER VIII
ILLINOIS COUNTY AND THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY

THE ROUTE TO VINCENNES CAPTURE OP VINCENNES COMING OF JOHN
TODD VIRGINIA CEDES HER WESTERN LANDS ORDINANCE OF 1787
PASSED GOVERNMENT ORGANIZED CONDITIONS IN ILLINOIS LOCAL
GOVERNMENT. 90

CHAPTER IX
AS A PART OF INDIANA TERRITORY

HARRISON AND THE INDIAN PROBLEMS SLAVERY IN THE TERRITORY ILLI-
NOIS TERRITORY ERECTED. 104

CHAPTER X
ILLINOIS (1809-1812)

TERRITORY OP THE FIRST CLASS WAR OF 1812 MATTERS OF LOCAL IN-
TEREST ILLINOIS A SECOND CLASS TERRITORY A RETROSPECT. 109

CHAPTER XI
APPROACHING STATEHOOD

NEW COUNTIES BANKS AND BANKING IMMIGRATION FIFTEEN COUN-
TIES UP TO 1818 NATHANIEL POPE ELECTED TO CONGRESS 124



CONTENTS ix

CHAPTER XII
ILLINOIS BECOMES A STATE

SERVICES OP NATHANIEL POPE THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
THE CONSTITUTION OP 1818 129

CHAPTER XIII
ILLINOIS UNDER GOVERNOR BOND

STARTING THE NEW MACHINERY ILLINOIS' BLACK CODE IN THE NEW
CAPITAL ATTEMPTED FINANCIAL RELIEF MILITARY TRACT THE
ENGLISH PRAIRIE SETTLEMENT GOVERNOR BOND RETURNS TO His
FARM 136

CHAPTER XIV
ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR COLES

A MAN WITH CONVICTIONS THE SLAVERY ISSUE A BITTER CAMPAIGN
THE RESULT THE SANGAMON COUNTRY A DISTINGUISHED VISITOR
THE ELECTIONS OP 1826 148

CHAPTER XV
NINIAN EDWARDS, GOVERNOR OF ILLINOIS

THE STATE BANK AN INTERESTING DOCTRINE SCHOOL LEGISLATION
THE WINNEBAGO WAR. 166

i " ; ' -

CHAPTER XVI
EXPANSION

KASKASKIA AND CAHOKIA MILITARY BOUNTY LANDS PEORIA AND GAL-
ENA RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS PRESBYTERIANISM MISSIONARIES
METHODISM THE BAPTISTS. 172

CHAPTER XVII
AN IMPORTANT STATE PERIOD

How GOVERNOR REYNOLDS WAS ELECTED THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS

VDEEP SNOW OP 1830-1 THE BLACK HAWK WAR CALL TO ARMS

THE END SECOND HALF OF ADMINISTRATION. 180



x CONTENTS

CHAPTER XVIII
ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR JOSEPH DUNCAN

ELECTION AS GOVERNOR BANKING LEGISLATION RECOMMENDED UNITED
STATES AND STATE BANKS REDEMPTION EXTENSION SUSPENSION
OF SPECIE PAYMENTS STATE BANK IN LIQUIDATION INTERNAL
IMPROVEMENTS RECOMMENDATIONS BILL PASSED OVER GOVERNOR'S
VETO CAPITAL REMOVED TO SPRINGFIELD ALSO PASSED OVER
COUNCIL'S VETO. 193

CHAPTER XIX
MARTYRDOM OF LOVEJOY

SLAVERY IN STATE AND NATIONAL POLITICS AGITATION BY ABOLITION-
ISTS AND NEWSPAPERS A MORAL HERO LOVEJOY BECOMES AN EDI-
TOR CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT "OBSERVER" MOVED TO ALTON MOB
DESTROYS PRESSES LOVEJOY A MARTYR 207

CHAPTER XX
ILLINOIS FROM 1838 TO 1846

THOMAS CARLIN ELECTED GOVERNOR "TIPPECANOE AND TYLER Too"
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT SCHEMES COLLAPSE GOVERNOR THOMAS
FORD ILLINOIS AND MICHIGAN CANAL PROGRESSES SOME SOCIAL
PROBLEMS. 219

CHAPTER XXI
ADMINISTRATION OF AUGUSTUS C. FRENCH

THE MEXICAN WAR THE MORMONS CONSTITUTION OF 1848 THE ILLI-
NOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD A NEW BANKING SYSTEM. 228

CHAPTER XXII
GOVERNOR JOEL A. MATTESON

UNDER THE NEW CONSTITUTION MATTESON ELECTED GOVERNOR ILLI-
NOIS CENTRAL BUILT SLAVERY AGITATION CANAL SCRIP FRAUD
STATE AND NATIONAL POLITICS. 246



CHAPTER XXIII
PERIOD OF POLITICAL UNREST

ILLINOIS' FIRST REPUBLICAN GOVERNOR OFFICIAL OATH AGAINST
DUELLING SOME MATTERS OF LOCAL INTEREST POLITICAL SITUA-
TION IN SOUTHERN ILLINIOS IN 1858 WHEN DOUGLAS CAME TO
CAIRO LINCOLN IN ANNA AND JONESBORO. 253



CONTENTS xi

CHAPTER XXIV

LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATE AT JONESBORO

MR. DOUGLAS'S SPEECH MR. LINCOLN'S REPLY MR. DOUGLAS'S REPLY.

267

CHAPTER XXV
ON THE EVE OP THE GREAT CONFLICT

THE ELECTION OP 1858 DOUGLAS AT BENTON POLITICAL MEETINGS
AT CENTRALIA LAST DEBATE AT ALTON THE CAMPAIGN OF 1860
A SON OP ILLINOIS. 300

CHAPTER XXVI
"WAR HISTORY (1861-1898)

POLITICS IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS PRESIDENTIAL VOTE (1860) IN LOGAN'S
DISTRICT STATE CONVENTIONS AND ASSEMBLIES KNIGHTS OP THE
GOLDEN CIRCLE "THE AMERICAN BASTILE" SOUTHERN ILLINOIS
IN CAMP AND BATTLE THREE YEARS' SERVICE ONE HUNDRED
DAYS' SERVICE THE ALTON BATTALION ONE YEAR SERVICE CAV-
ALRY SERVICE SPANISH- AMERICAN WAR THE FOURTH ILLINOIS IN-
FANTRY EIGHTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY NINTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY 314

CHAPTER XXVII
THE RETURN OF PEACE

A REUNITED PEOPLE ECONOMIC ADVANCEMENT POLITICAL AND CON-
STITUTIONAL CHANGES CONSTITUTION OP 1870 ELECTIONS OP THE
SEVENTIES RAILROAD STRIKE OF 1870 THE EIGHTIES AND NINETIES
THE WORLD'S FAIR FROM ALTGELD TO DENEEN. 336

CHAPTER XXVIII
JOURNALISM

FIRST ILLINOIS NEWSPAPERS SLAVERY QUESTION STIMULATES JOURNAL-
ISM UNCERTAINTIES OF PIONEER JOURNALISM ABLE OLD-TIME EDIT-
ORS LATER STIMULATING ISSUES PAPERS FORCED TO SUSPEND
FOUNDED PRIOR TO 1880. 344

CHAPTER XXIX

TRANSPORTATION

EARLY RIVER BOATS SOUTHERN ILLINOIS WATERWAYS PIONEER TRAILS
AND ROADS GOVERNMENT HIGHWAYS THE NATIONAL ROAD WORK
OF THE STATE. 353



xii CONTENTS

CHAPTER XXX
EDUCATION IN ILLINOIS

FIRST AMERICAN PUBLIC SCHOOLS BASIS OF ILLINOIS SYSTEM PRIMITIVE
SCHOOL HOUSES CONVENTIONS TO ENCOURAGE PUBLIC EDUCATION
BEST FRIENDS OF THE CAUSE STATE LAW OP 1855 PRESENT SYSTEM
OP PUBLIC EDUCATION. 364



CHAPTER XXXI
ILLINOIS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE

A PART OF THE GENERAL SYSTEM CREATED BY THE STATE SCHOOL
OPENS IN 1866 UNCERTAINTY AS TO STATUS LIFE GOES OUT IN 1879.

376

CHAPTER XXXII
PRIVATE SCHOOLS

FIRST HIGH SCHOOL IN ILLINOIS SHURTLEFP COLLEGE MCKENDREE AND
EWING COLLEGES SOUTHERN COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE GREENVILLE
COLLEGE. 381

CHAPTER XXXIII
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS COLLEGE

FIRST BUILDING ERECTED ' ' THE HERALD OF TRUTH ' ' COLLEGE REVIVED
CHARTER SECURED CLOSED IN 1870. 387

CHAPTER XXXIV
STATE SCHOOLS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

STATE AID AND LEGISLATION SOUTHERN ILLINOIS HIGH SCHOOLS
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS NORMAL UNIVERSITY WORK OF THE STATE
TEACHERS ASSOCIATION LEGISLATURE CREATES NORMAL UNIVERSITY
EDUCATIONAL CONVENTIONS CARBONDALE, SITE OF SOUTHERN ILLI-
NOIS NORMAL UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OPENED BUILDING BURNED
THE NEW MAIN BUILDING GENERAL REVIEW. 392



CHAPTER XXXV
BANKS AND BANKING IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS

FIRST LAND OFFICES AND BANKS IN EGYPT BANK OF ILLINOIS CREATED
BANK OF CAIRO THE STATE BANKS -INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT
SCHEMES FINANCIAL COMPLICATIONS AND EMBARRASSMENTS THE
FREE BANKING LAW ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTEEN BANKS OF ISSUE
EFFECTS OF NATIONAL BANKING SYSTEM- ILLINOIS BANKERS' ASSO-
CIATION GROUP No. 10 (SOUTHERN ILLINOIS) BUILDING AND LOAN
ASSOCIATIONS. 409



CONTENTS xiii

CHAPTER XXXVI
AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES

PREPONDERANCE OF RURAL POPULATION AVERAGE SIZE AND PRICE OP
FARMS -PERCENT OF VALUE IN LANDS, BUILDINGS, ETC. NUMBER OF
FARMS EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES. 419

CHAPTER XXXVII
ALEXANDER COUNTY

FIRST SETTLERS NEAR THEBES AND AT CAIRO COUNTY SEAT CHANGES
CAIRO SURVEYED AND FOUNDED LUMBER INTERESTS AND LEVEES
ALEXANDER IN WAR INDUSTRIES, RAILROADS AND SCHOOLS NOTED
VISITORS SOME PROMINENT MEN OF THE COUNTY THE OLD TOWN
OF THEBES. 425

CHAPTER XXXVIII
BOND COUNTY

f Two NEIGHBORHOOD FORTS BUILT THE Cox MASSACRE SALT WORKS-
SLAVERY ISSUE IN BOND COUNTY SCHOOLS FARMS AND FINANCES.

432

CHAPTER XXXIX
CLARK COUNTY

FIRST SETTLEMENTS MARSHALL AND THE NATIONAL ROAD PROFESSIONAL
MEN OF THE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL AND FINANCIAL. 436

CHAPTER XL
CLAY COUNTY

MAYVILLE, OLDEST SETTLEMENT COUNTY SEAT MOVED TO LOUISVILLE
BUSY EARLY DECADE (1840-1850) OHIO AND MISSISSIPPI RAILROAD
BUILT FOUNDING OF CHURCHES SETTLEMENT IN WESTERN SEC-
TIONS PRESENT VILLAGES AND TOWNS. 439

CHAPTER XLI
CLINTON COUNTY

CARLYLE, FIRST SETTLEMENT AND COUNTY SEAT LAID OUT IN 1818
CANDIDATE FOR STATE CAPITAL JUDGE SIDNEY BREESE PRESENT
CONDITIONS. 443



xiv CONTENTS

CHAPTER XLII
CRAWPOKD COUNTY

LAMOTT, FIRST WHITE RESIDENT TERRIBLE HUTSON MASSACRE PALES-
TINE, THE OLD COUNTY SEAT ROBINSON MADE THE COUNTY SEAT
AGRICULTURE COMING OF RAILROADS AND OIL OBLONG THE OIL
INDUSTRY. 446

CHAPTER XLIII
CUMBERLAND COUNTY

COUNTY SEAT CHANGES GENERAL FACTS OP INTEREST NEWSPAPERS
THE NATIONAL ROAD AND RAILROADS. 451

CHAPTER XLIV
EDWARDS COUNTY

SETTLEMENT OF THE ENGLISH PRAIRIE ALBION FOUNDED JUDGE WAL-
TER S. MAYO PIANKASHAWTOWN AN EARLY TEACHER THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CLAY PRODUCTS INTERESTING COUNTY ITEMS. 453

CHAPTER XLV
EFFINGHAM COUNTY

EWINGTON, FIRST COUNTY SEAT PRESENT SEAT OF JUSTICE TEUTOP-
OLIS LAND VALUES 458

CHAPTER XL VI
FAYETTE COUNTY

FIRST SETTLERS OF THE COUNTY FIRST CAPITOL AT VANDALIA SECOND
CAPITOL PERRYVILLE, SEAT OF FAYETTE COUNTY ERNEST, OR HAN-
OVER COLONY FAYETTE AND VANDALIA ITEMS. 461

CHAPTER XLVII
FRANKLIN COUNTY

CAVE TOWNSHIP FIRST SETTLED PIONEER MILLS ERECTED EARLY-TIME
ITEMS SLAVES AND LAND BENTON, THE COUNTY SEAT LOGAN AND
DOUGLAS GROWTH OF COAL INTERESTS. 465



CONTENTS xv

CHAPTER XL VIII
GALLATIN COUNTY

THE COUNTY'S FIRST WHITE SETTLER FIRST WHITE SETTLEMENT A
LAND OF FLOODS AND LEVEES THE WILSONS GENERAL THOMAS
POSEY OTHER PROMINENT MEN TOWN OF EQUALITY. 469

CHAPTER XLIX
HAMILTON COUNTY

FIRST SETTLERS JUDGE STELLE'S PIONEER PICTURES WHICH RECTOR
WAS MASSACRED? TOWN OF MCLEANSBORO As TO EDUCATION
JAMES R. CAMPBELL GENERAL INFORMATION. 475

CHAPTER L
HARDIN COUNTY

PICTURESQUE AND PROSPEROUS LEAD MINES AND TOWNS FIRST SET-
TLERS CAVE-IN-THE-ROCK DESCRIBED. 478

CHAPTER LI
JACKSON COUNTY

SETTLED EARLY PART NINETEENTH CENTURY SALT INDUSTRIES FOUNDED
ILLINOIS CENTRAL BRINGS SETTLERS CARBONDALE PLATTED
COAL MINING GRAND TOWER MURPHYSBORO. 481



CHAPTER LII
JASPER COUNTY



i



NEWTON, THE COUNTY SEAT POPULATION AND AGRICULTURE VILLAGES
IN COUNTY. 486



CHAPTER LIII
JEFFERSON COUNTY

MT. VERNON MADE THE COUNTY SEAT MILITARY RECORD JUDICIAL AND
LEGAL CENTER CAR SHOPS MT. VERNON OF TODAY FACTS OF
INTEREST. 489



xvi CONTENTS

CHAPTER LIV
JOHNSON COUNTY

CREATED BY GOVERNOR EDWARDS AGRICULTURE AND STOCK RAISING
EARLY SETTLERS SLAVERY CONTEST (1823-4) MAJOR ANDREW J.

KUYKENDALL CLARK PASSED THROUGH THE COUNTY. 492

CHAPTER LV
LAWRENCE COUNTY

PIONEER FRENCH SETTLERS THE DEEP SNOW AND MILK SICKNESS
SCHOOLS CHARLOTTESVILLE OLD TRAILS ACROSS THE COUNTY
LAWRENCEVILLE, THE COUNTY SEAT OIL AND GAS WELLS. 497

CHAPTER LVI
MARION COUNTY

AGRICULTURE AND LIVE STOCK OLD SALEM, THE COUNTY SEAT ' ' STATE
POLICY" ABANDONED FATHER OF WILLIAM J. BRYAN GEN. JAMES
S. MARTIN THE PRESENT SALEM AND CENTRALIA LATE DISCOVERY
OF OIL. 502

CHAPTER LVII
MASSAC COUNTY

OLD FORT MASSAC METROPOLIS LAID OFF BROOKPORT (FORMERLY
BROOKLYN) JOPPA DRAINAGE AND AGRICULTURE THE OLD FORT
TO BE PRESERVED. 506

CHAPTER LVIII
MONROE COUNTY

FIRST AMERICAN SETTLERS JEFFERSON'S ESTIMATE OF JAMES LEMEN -
OLD LEMEN FORT (SECOND BRICK HOUSE IN ILLINOIS) THOMAS
FORD AND DANIEL P. COOK FIRST COUNTY COURT SCHOOLS AND
SLAVES OLD FRENCH LAND GRANT ELDER PETER ROGERS. 509

CHAPTER LIX
PERRY COUNTY

PIONEER SETTLERS AND INCIDENTS PINCKNEYVILLE SELECTED AS COUNTY
SEAT FIRST CIRCUIT COURT DuQuoiN AND TAMAROA 513



CONTENTS xvii

CHAPTER LX
POPE COUNTY

SARAH VILLE (GOLCONDA), THE COUNTY SEAT EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL
NOTED PERSONAGES "GREAT MEDICINE WATER" STATISTICS 516

CHAPTER LXI
PULASKI COUNTY

CALEDONIA, THE OLD COUNTY SEAT MOUND CITY OP THE EARLIER
TIMES GENERAL M. M. RAWLINGS PLANS FOR THE GREAT EMPORIUM
CITY UNION BLOCK, CIVIL WAR HOSPITAL THE PRESENT MOUND
CITY VILLAGES OP THE COUNTY. 519

CHAPTER LXII
RANDOLPH COUNTY

COUNTY AND STATE HISTORY PARALLEL KASKASKIA COURT HOUSE OP
1819 A SLAVE COUNTY POPULATION, 1825-1840 COUNTY SEAT
MOVED TO CHESTER DECLINE OP KASKASKIA ON THE RAMPARTS OP
OLD PORT GAGE. 524

CHAPTER LXIII
RICHLAND COUNTY

CONDITIONS IN 1820 ELIJAH NELSON AND ROSWELL PARK CUSTOMS OP
EARLY SETTLERS THE HARD YEAR, 1881 FIRST INSTITUTIONS THE
CIVIL WAR OLNEY. 528

CHAP'CER LXIV
ST. CLAIR COUNTY

GENERAL ST. CLAIR CREATES THE COUNTY COUNTY SEAT TRANSFERRED
FROM CAHOKIA TO BELLEVILLE EARLY SETTLEMENTS GERMAN IM-
MIGRATION JOHN REYNOLDS AND JOHN M. PECK CAHOKIA AND PRAI-
RIE DU PONT THE PRESENT COUNTY AND COUNTY SEAT CHARLES
DICKENS AND SON EAST ST. Louis. 532

CHAPTER LXV
SALINE COUNTY

PIONEER EVENTS COUNTY SEAT LOCATED AT RALEIGH POLITICAL HIS-
TORY CIVIL WAR SENTIMENT HARRISBURG ELDORADO CARRIER
MILLS THE OLD STONE FORT. 538



xviii CONTENTS

CHAPTER LXVI
UNION COUNTY

FIRST SETTLERS JONESBORO MADE THE COUNTY SEAT THE WILLARD
FAMILY COLONEL JOHN S. HACKER VEGETABLES AND FRUITS MIN-
ERALS AND MINERAL SPRINGS TOWNS. 541

CHAPTER LXVII
WABASH COUNTY

FOUR TOUGAS BROTHERS, FIRST SETTLERS THE THREE BLOCK FORTS
TIMBER AND SAW MILLS MILK SICKNESS SHIPTINGS OP THE COUNTY
SEAT ABORIGINAL REMAINS NOTES FROM NATURE THE WABASH
AND MOUNT CARMEL LIVE STOCK RAISING. 547

CHAPTER LXVIII
WASHINGTON COUNTY

COUNTY SEAT CONTENTIONS NASHVILLE FINALLY SELECTED COURT
HOUSES CITY OP NASHVILLE MINOR TOWNS. 552

CHAPTER LXIX
WAYNE COUNTY

FIRST SETTLERS AND EVENTS FIRST COUNTY SEAT IN THE WARS
CAPT. THOMAS W. SCOTT FAIRFIELD FARM VALUES. 555

CHAPTER LXX
WHITE COUNTY

ORIGINAL PHYSICAL FEATURES WHITE COUNTY AND ITS SPONSOR EARLY
VISITORS CARMI, THE COUNTY SEAT ENPIELD EARLY DAY WILD
PIGEON ROOST. 558

CHAPTER LXXI
WILLIAMSON COUNTY

LAST OP INDIANS THE JORDAN BROTHERS INDUSTRIES MEXICAN AND
CIVIL WAR MATTERS TOWNS IN THE COUNTY. 561



INDEX



Abt, Paul W., 1362

Adams, Robert L., 1528

Adams, Willard W., 1299

Adams county, 174

Adderly, Henry C., 575

Adles, Max, 923

Agnew, T. Lee, 780

Agricultural resources Preponderance
of rural population, 419; average
size and price of farms, 420; percent
of value in lands, buildings, etc., 420;
number of farms, 421; educational
agencies, 421

Aiken, Hiram M., 1233

Akers, Peter, 385

Albion, 453, 454, 549

Alexander, James, 1376

Alexander, John, 1376

Alexander, Milton K., 205

Alexander, Walter C., 569

Alexander, William M., 425

Alexander county First settlers near
Thebes and at Cairo, 425; county
seat changes, 425 ; Cairo surveyed and
founded, 427 ; lumber interests and
levees. 427; Alexander in the war,
427; industries, railroads and schools,
428; noted visitors, 429; some prom-
inent men of the county, 431; the old
town of Thebes, 431; the visit of the
"Concord," 431; Alexander county
court house (illustration) At Cairo,
424; at Thebes (1845), 426

Allen. James C., 314, 338, 447, 1608

Allen, Thomas G., 329

Allen. William J., 338

Allio, James H., 1139

Allyn, Robert. 402. 407

Almira College, 435

Alsbrook. Arthur B., 811

Alsbrook, Robert W., 793

Alsup. James T.. 1509

Altgeld. John P., 341

Alto Pass, 545

Alton Battalion, 332

Alton city hall where Lincoln-Douglas
debate was held (illustration). 302

Alton Seminary, 383

"Alton Spectator." 348

Ames, E. R., 384



Amity Academy, 434
Andel, Casimir, 334
Anderson, Amos, 514
Anderson, Benjamin H., 902
Anderson, Charles E., 1040
Anderson, Cyrus H., 956
Anderson, George H., 1642
Andrews, George W., 1106
Anna, 545

Anti-Nebraska party, 250
Antrim. Hugh S., 740
Apple, Elmer L., 1579
Applegath, Joseph, 455
Applegath, (Mrs.) Joseph, 456
Archer. William B., 436
Asbury, Isaac M., 1417
Atherton, William N., 1699
Attractive architecture, McLeansboro
(illustrated), 476

Badgley settlement, 173

Bailey, Henry, 1540

Bainbridge, 564

Baird, Samuel W., 1161

Baker, Carl, 1135

Baker, David J., 166, 527

Baker, E. D., 230, 560

Bald Knob, 544

Baldwin, Theron, 372

Ballance, John W., 603

Bank of Cairo, 410

Bank of Illinois (Shawneetown), 125,
198, 223, 409, 412

Bank bills (illustrations), Issued by Ed-
wardsville bank in 1821, 141; by
Cairo bank, 196

Banks and banking First land offices
and banks in Egypt, 409; "Bank of
Illinois" created, 409; "Bank of
Cairo," 410; the state banks, 410;
internal improvement schemes, 411;
financial complications and embarass-
ments. 412; the Free Banking Law,
414; "Wild Cat" banks, 415; one
hundred and fifteen banks of issue,
415; effects of national banking sys-
tem, 416; Illinois Bankers' Associa-
tion. 416; group No. 10, (Southern
Illinois), 417; building and loan as-
sociations, 124, 194, 243, 417



XIX



INDEX



Banks and banking (illustrations),
Cairo bank, Kaskaskia, 410; old
banking house in Shawneetown
(1840), 413

Banksou, James, 552

"Baptist Banner," 348

Baptists (early), 121, 179

Barclay, Guy C., 1492

Barclay, Phil C., 626

Barker, Daniel P.. 878

Barker, Lewis, 489

Barnett, William U., 1482

Barr, William W., 817

Barringer, George, 602

Bartlett, Oscar L., 632

Bartmes, Frank, 1030

Barton, John H., 1697

Bateman, Newton, 255, 393

Battle of Bad Axe, 191

Beach, Herbert C., 877

"Beacon," 445

Bean, Jerome F., 1694

Beatte, Ira, 1305

Bechtold, Herman T., 1193

Bechtold, William G., 1123

Beck, Guy, 461

Beckemeyer, Herman H., 1633

Becker, Edward P., 1076

Beecher, Edward, 372

Beever, John C., 980

Beever, W. George, 961

Begg, J. Cyril, 1357

Belleville, 532, 533, 535

Bellefontaine, 509

Bellmann, Emanuel, 1497

Bennett, John, 941

Benson, Newton J., 693

Benton, 467

Bergen, John G., 178

Bernreuter, Louis, 1234

Berry, William, 346

Beveridge, John L., 340

Bierer, Frederick C., 662

Bierer, Frederick G., 663

Big Four Depot and Y. M. C. A. build-
ing, Mt. Carmel (illustration), 550

Big Muddy river, 355

Biggs, William, 433, 509

Binder. John F. W., 1056

Birkbeck, Morris, 143 153, 346, 453,
454, 456, 457, 559

Birkner, Edward H., 1182

Bissell, L. H., 459

Bissell, William H.. 229, 251

Bissell (William H.), administration
Official oath against dueling, 253;
Bissell-Davis affair, 254

Black Hawk (portrait), 185