Texts to illustrate a course of elementary lectures on Greek philosophy after Aristotle online

KOiva ra <j>i\(ov \eyovra' dmcrrovvrtov yap elvat, TO
rouovrov, el 8' drcLorrwv , ovSe



46] EPICURUS 13

43 Numenius apud Eusebii praeparationem evangelicam
XIV 5. 3 ev ovSevl fj,ev axfrBrjo-av (ol 'ETT^oupetot
evavria BefJievoL ovBa/j,a)$, 6/jLo\oyrjaavTes e elvau
o-vvbeSoyfjievoi, /cal avrol Sia rovro d7re\avaav TT}?
pijcrea)? elrcoTW VTJ^p^e re e/c rov eirl 7r\el(7Tov TO?? 5

/jL6T67TiTa ^TTLKOVpeioiS /JLT)S CLVTol? eiTTelv 7TO) eVdVTLOV

ovT6 aXX^Xot? ovT6 '^TriKovpay /jLTjSev et? firj&ev, OTOV KCLI
fjU>r)<[email protected]]VCU afyov aXX' eariv CLVTOIS nrapavo^^a, fjt,a\\ov
Be do-eftrj/jia, real /careyvcoo-rat, TO KaivoTOfju^Oev. /cal Bia
TOVTO ovSels ovSe ToXyu-a, Kara 7ro\\r)V 8e elpijvrjv avrois 10
TO, Soyfjuara VTTO rijs ev aXX^Xot? alel Trore crv/ji-
eoLKe re rj ^TTitcovpov Siarpiflr) TroXireia rivl
a\r)0el, do-rao-iao-roTary, KOLVOV eva vovv, fjbLav yvwfjLTjv
e^ovarj.

44 Lucretius v 1-12

quis potis est dignum pollen ti pectore carmen 15

condere pro rerum males tate bisque repertis ?
quisve valet verbis tantum qui fingere laudes
pro meritis eius possit qui talia nobis
pectore parta suo quaesitaque praemia liquit ?
nemo, ufc opinor, erit mortali corpore cretus. 20

nam si, ut ipsa petit maiestas cognita rerum,
dicendum est, deus ille fuit, deus, inclyte Memmi,
qui princeps vitae rationem invenit earn quae
nunc appellatur sapientia, quique per artem
fluctibus e tantis vitam tantisque tenebris 25

in tarn tranquillo et tarn clara luce locavit.
Compare I 62-79, in 1-30 et al.

Philosophy and its parts

45 Sextus Ernpiricus XI 169 'Eiri/covpos . . . \eye rrjv Definition of
fyikoaofyiav evepyeiav elvat, \6yois /cal S(,a\oyt,a-/jLois philosophy
TOV ev^aifLova ftiov Trepnroiovcrav.

46 Diogenes Laertius x 30 Sicupelrai roivvv (97 KCLT 'E-jri- Division of

KOVOOV &i\ocro<bia) et? rpia, TO re KCLVOVLKOV teal d>v<riicov ph'losophy

v r 5/3 r / ,// / . v % , , into Canonic,

/cai r)uLKov. . . . eicouao'i, jjuevTOi TO KCLVQVIKQV O/JLOV TO) Physics, ami

<f)ucriK( rdrreiv. /ca\ov(rt, 8' avrb Trepl /cpirijpiov /cal d E1



14 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [46



Kai crTOi^eiwTiKov TO $e (frvcriKov Trepl yevecrecos Kal

Kal Trepi (frvcrecos' TO Se vjOiKov Trepl aipeTwv Kal (frevKTwv,

Kal Trepl ftltov Kal TeXou?.

Canonic

47 Cicero de finibus i 22 iam in altera philosophiae

s parte, quae est quaerendi ac disserendi, quae \oyiKrj dicitur,

iste vester plane, ut mihi quidem videtur, inermis ac nudus

est. tollit definitiones ; nihil de dividendo ac partiendo docet ;

non, quo modo efficiatur concludaturque ratio, tradit ; non,

qua via captiosa solvantur, ambigua distinguantur, ostendit :

10 indicia rerum in sensibus ponit, quibus si semel aliquid falsi

pro vero probatum sit, sublatum esse omne indicium veri et

falsi putat.

The test of 48 Diogenes Laertius X 3 1 ev TOLVVV TW Kdvovi \eywv

truth * \ * 'T^ / / ^ * -\ /*) / *? v * /i /

ecrTiv o rjTTiKovpos KpiTrjpia TTJS aA,r)veias eivai Tas aicrur)-
15 o~e9 Kal Trpo\ r)'tyei<s Kal TO, TrdOrf.

ato-eipis 49 Sextus Empiricus vn 216 TrdvTcov Se /cpvjTrl? Kal

6efjLe\io<$ TI evdpyeia.

50 ibid. 204 TO yap opaTov ov JJLOVOV fyalveTai opaTov,
d\\d Kal ea-Ti TOIOVTOV oirolov fyalvercu* Kal TO aKovcrTov ov
(f>aivTat aKovcrTov, aXXa Kal Tat? aX?7$euu9 TOLOVTOV
>, Kal eTrl TWV aXXcov a)cravTCt)s. Compare Epicurus
apud Diogeneni Laertium X 32 TCL Te TWV /jLatvo/jLevcov
(fravTaa/jiaTa Kal <TCL> KaT ovap d\7]6rj' Kivel yap" TO Se
/j,rj ov ov Kivel.

25 51 Epicurus apud Diogeneni Laertium x 147 el TIV eK-
/3a\ei<? a?rXco9 aio-OrfO-iv, Kal /JLT) $t,aipr)creis TO So^a^o/j,evov
Kal TO Trpoo-jjievov Kal TO Trapbv r)$r) KaTa rrjv al<jQj]<Jiv
Kal TO, TrdOij KOL Trdcrav fyavTa<JTi,Kr]v eTri/3o\r)v ri)9 SMI-
vola?, avvTapd^eis Kal Ta9 Xot?ra9 aurQ^reis Trj

Kal TO Trpoo-fievov anrav ev Tt9 Sof-curri/cai? evvoiais Kal TO
H/i] TTJV eTTifjiapTvpTjo-iv, OVK eK\ei^rei TO
reTfjprjKGDS (&(TT dvrjp^Kay^ Usener) eery Trdcrav
criv Kal irdcrav Kpiaiv TOV opOw? ^ /jurj bpOws. Compare
35 Sextus Empiricus vn 206-210.



55] EPICURUS 15

52 Cicero natura deorum I 43 anticipationem quandam
. . . quam appellat Trpo^tyiv Epicurus, id est anteceptam
anirno rei quandam informationem, sine qua nee intellegi quic-
quam nee quaeri nee disputari potest.

53 Diogenes Laertius x 33 rrjv oe TrpoXytyiv \eyovcn,v 5
OLOvel Kard\ri^iv r) So^av opOrjv r) evvoiav r) Ka6o\iKr)v
voycnv evaTTOKei/jievrjv, TOVTeaTi JJLVTI^V TOV vroXXa/a?
e^wOev (j>avevTo$' olov TO "TOIOVTOV earn; dvOpwTros" dfjua jap
TW pTjOrjvai dv6 pcoTros, ev6v<; Kara irpoXr^^nv KOI 6 TUTTO?
avrov voelrai irpoijyovfjLevcov rwv alo-Qrjaewv. iravrl 10
ovv ovofMaTi TO TT^coTft)? v7TOTTa<yfjLevov evap^e^ ecrTi,.
teal OVK av e^Trjaa/jLev TO r)Toi>fj,evov, el fjirj irpoTepov
e<yv(*)/cei/jiv avTO' olov " TO Troppco e<7ra>5 ITTTTO? eaTiv 77
/SoO?"* oel jap /caTa TrpoXrjtyw eyvaicevai, Trore ITTTTOV
Kal /3oo? fjiopfyrjv. OLS' av a)vo/j,d(rafjLev TL /jirj TTpoTepov 15
avTOv /caTa TrpoXrj^jnv TOV TVTTOV jJiadovTes. evapyeis ovv
el(TLv at TTjOoA^'x/ret?. Kal TO So^ao-Tov CLTTO irpoTepov
TWOS evapyovs ijpTijTai,, e<j> o dva(f>epovT6<; \ejofjLev olov

" 7r60eV LO-/J,V 1 TOVTO IdTlV dvOpCOTTO? ; "

54 ibid. 34 iraQj] Se \ejov(7 iv eivai 8vo, rjSovrjv Kal aX^y 7 ?"
oova, io-TdfjLeva Trepl Trav %<*>ov Kal TTJV ^ev oiKelov, TTJV oe
dXXoTpiov Si, div KpivecrOai, ra? aipeaeis Kal (f>wyd<>.

55 ibid. Trjv Be S6av Kal vTro^rj'ifriv \e r yovcriv. v
d\r)0rj T (f)ao~i, Kal tyevofj' av fjuev <ydp eirifjiapTvpriTai,

rj pr) dvTi/jiapTVpfJTai,, d\r]0r) elvat,' eav oe /JLTJ eirifjiapTV- 25
rj avTi/AapTVpiJTai, Tfrevftf) Twy^dveiv. oOev < TO >
elcnj^Orj' olov TO Trpocr/jLelvai Kal eyyvs
yeveo-0ai rcS Trvpyq) Kal fiaOelv OTTOIOS 771/9 (fraiveTai.
Compare Sextus Empiricus VII 211 ff. OVKOVV TWV Sogwv
a TOV *}^7riKovpov al fjiev d\r)0els elaiv, at oe tyevbels, 30

fjbev ai re eTTifjiapTvpovfjLevai, Kal OVK d
Tvpovfjuevai TT^O? r/}? evapyeias, tyevSeis Se ai re
Tvpov/jievat, Kal OVK eTri/JLapTvpov/jievai, Trpo? r^
eaTi oe eiri^apTvpfjoris pev KaTdkujtyis Si evap<yelas TOV
TO $ot;a%6jj,evov TOLOVTOV elvat, OTTOLOV iroTe e'Sofafero, olov ss
ITXarftj^o? paKpoOev TrpoaiovTOS elKa^a) fiev Kal Sogd^co
Trapd TO ScdaTij/Jia OTL Tl\dTO)v ecrTi, Trpocnre\dcravTos oe
avTov 7rpocreiJLapTVpr)07j OTt, 6 TiXaTcov eaTi, crvvaipeOevTos



16 TEXTS FOE, LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [55

TOV Siao-rrffjiaTos, /cal eTrefjuaprvp^Orj $L avrfjs TTJS evapyeias.
OVK avTi/jLapTvpTjo-is Se eo~Tiv a/co\ov0ia TOV
/cat So^ao-BevTos aS^Xof r&> ^aivo^evw, olov o
\eywv elvai Kevov, OTrep earlv d^rj\o
5 evapyovs irpdy^aTos TOVTO, TTJS Kivtfaew yJr] 6Vro? yap
Kevov ovSe Kivrjais axf)6L\ev elvai, TOTTOV ^r] e^oz^ro? rov
Kivov/Jievov crcofJiaTos e/9 .01; Trepio-r^o-erat, Sia TO Trdvra
77X77^77 elvai, /cal vaard, loo-re rc5 $o%ao-0VTi
avTifiapTvpeiv TO ^aivo^evov /civrjo-ecos ovo-rjs. 7]

I eo~Ti Tr OVK



o~ei . . c&o-avTo&s oe KCLI TI OVK
ecrTl Ttj e7ri/jiapTVpr)o~e(,.
56 Lucretius v 526-533

nam quid in hoc inundo sit eorum ponere certum
difficile est ; sed quid possit fiatque per omne
i 5 in variis mundis varia ratione creatis,

id doceo plurisque sequor disponere causas,
motibus astrorum quae'possint esse per omne;
e quibus una tamen sit in hoc quoque causa necessest
quae vegeat motum signis ; sed quae sit earum
20 praecipere hautquaquamst pedetemtim progredientis.

See Munro's note on this passage.

Physics

Reasons for 57 Epicurus apud Diogenem Laertium X 142 f. el ^rjOev

r)/Jbd<i al Twv iieTewpwv VTro^flai ^vco^Xovv Kal al Trepl



OavaTov, pr) Trore TT/JO? Tj/ia? y TI,, Ti re TO yu,^ Karavoelv
rou9 opovs T0)v a\,<y7)$6vcov Kal TWV eTTiOviJLiwv, OVK av 7rpoo~-
25 eSeofjueOa <f)vcri,o\o<yias. OVK r)V TO fyofSovfjievov \veuv virep



' vTroTTTevo^evov TI TWV KaTa TOVS [Lvdovs. wcrre OVK
rjv avev fyvo-ioKoyias aKepaiovs ra? rjSovas d7ro\a/j,/3dveiv.
ex nihilo nihil 58 I 38 ovbev ylveTat, K TOV fjbrj OVTOS. Trdv yap
30 e/c TravTOS eyiveT av. cnrep^dTwv ye ovOev Trpoo-^eo^evov.
Kal el e<f)Oe[peTO Be TO defray 1%6/juevov els TO pr) ov, TrdvTa
av a7ra)Xa)Xet TO, irpdy^aTa, OVK OVTOOV els a Ste\veTo.
Compare Lucretius I 149264.



62] EPICURUS 17

59 Aetius I 3. 18 if. pp. 285 f. Diels 'ETUKOU/JO? . . . Atoms and
Kara ATj/jLOKpirov (/uAocro^Tjcra? (f>rj ra? />%? rwv V01(
ovrcov (rw/jLara \6yw Oewprjrd, a/juero^a Kevov, dyevrjra,
dBid(j)0apra, ovre 0pavcr0ijvat, Bvvd/Jieva ovre BiaTrXacnv IK

rcov nep&v \af3elv ovre d\\ot,a)0rjvai, . . . ravra pevroi Kivel- s
aOat, ev rco Kevw /cal Bid rov Kevov elvai, Be ical avro TO
Kevov ajreipov KOI ra crco/xara aireipa,' o-v/[email protected])fcevai, Be
rot? o-(t)fjuao-i rpia ravra, cr)7?//,a, /jieyeOos, ySapo? . . . elvai
Be ra a^fjuara roiv dro/AW dTrepiX^Trra, OVK cnreipa. fjirj
yap elvai /-^T' dy/cicrTpoeiBeis yu^re Tpiaivoe&els fJLrjre 10
/cpiKoeiBeis ravra ydp rd cr^/jLara ev0pavcrrd eariv,
at Be dro/Aoi aTraOeis a6 pavaroi. iBia Be e%6iv
decoprjrd. KCLL etp^rat aro/z-o? ^X OTi
aXX* on ov Bvvarat, Tjj,r)0f)vai,, djraOrjs ovaa
KOI ayLtero^o? Kevov. Compare Epicurus apud Diogenem 15
Laertium x 39-44, 54-59, and Lucretius I 329-397,
418-634, 958-1051, n 80-164, 333-568, 730-864.

60 Epicurus apud Diogenem Laertium x 61 KOI fjirjv
Kal lo-OTa%eis dvayKalov ra? aTOpOVS elvai,, orav Bid TOV
Kevov elcr(j) ; pcovrai priOevos avriKoirrovro^. ovre ydp rd 20
fiapea Odrrov olaO rjaerat, rcov /jutKpcov Kal Kovcfxov, orav ye
Brj /jL^Bev drravra avrol<$' ovre rd fUKpd </3paBvrepov>
ra>v jjieyd\,a)v, rcdvra rropov avfJii^erpov e%ovra, orav firjOev
fjurjBe CKeivoLS avriKorrrr)' ovO^ 97 dvco ov0 y rj et? TO r rr\dyiov
Bid rcov Kpovcrecov <>opd, ov0* f) Karco Bid r(ov IBiwv 25
ftapwv. Compare Lucretius II 225242.

61 Lucretius II 2 4 3-2 5 Deviation of

etiam atque etiam paulum inclinare necessest
corpora ; nee plus quam minimum, ne fingere motus
obliquos videamur et id res vera refutet.
nanique hoc in promptu manifestumque esse videmus, 3 o
pondera, quantum in sest, non posse obliqua meare,
ex supero cum praecipitant, quod cernere possis.
sed nil omnino recta regione viai
declinare quis est qui possit cernere sese ?

62 Stobaeus eclogae I 346 p. 142 Wachsmuth Kivela-Oai is
Be rd drofia rore pev Kara o-rd0/jLrjv, rore Be Kara
7rapeyK\tcriv. Cicero definibus I 18 censet eiiim (Epicurus)

c



18 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [62

eadem ilia individua et solida corpora ferri deorsum suo
pondere ad lineam ; hunc naturalem esse omnium corporum
motum. deinde ibidem homo acutus, cum illud occurreret,
si omnia deorsum e regione ferrentur et, ut dixi, ad lineam,
5 numquam fore ut atomus altera alteram posset attingere,
itaque attulit rem commenticiam : declinare dixit atoiuum
perpaulum, quo nihil posset fieri minus ; ita eflici com-
plexiones et copulationes et adhaesiones atomorum inter se,
ex quo efficeretur mundus oinnesque partes mundi quaeque
10 iii eo essent. Compare Lucretius 11 216224.

63 Cicero natura deorum I 69 Epicurus, cum videret, si
atomi ferrentur in locum inferiorem suopte pondere, nihil
fore in nostra potestate, quod esset earum motus certus et
necessarius, invenit quo modo necessitatem effugeret, quod

TS videlicet Democritum fugerat. ait atomum, cum pondere
et gravitate derecto deorsus feratur, declinare paullulum.
Compare de fato 22 hanc Epicurus rationem induxit ob
earn rem, quod veritus est ne si semper motus gravitate
ferret ur naturali ac necessaria, nihil liberum nobis esset, cum
20 ita moveretur animus, ut atomorum motu cogeretur : also
Lucretius n 251-293, especially 289-293 :

ne mens ipsa necessum
intestinum habeat cunctis in rebus agendis
et devicta quasi hoc cogatur ferre patique,
25 id facit exiguum clinamen principiorum

nee regione loci certa nee tempore certo.

64 Epicurus apud Diogenem Laertium x 134 Kpelrrov
rjv rc3 Trepl Oe&v fJbvOto KaraKo\ov9elv rj rfj rwv fyvaiKwv
el/Aap/JLevy Bov\V6iv o /uuev yap e\7rl$a TrapcuTrjaecos VTTO-

30 jpd(f)6i 6eS)v Sia Ti/jLTJs, r) Be aTrapairrjTov e^et rrjv dvdy/crjv.

Formation of 65 [Plutarch] de placitis philosophorum I 4 p. 215 f.

Usener o rolvvv KOCT^O^ avvearrj TrepLKeKXaa-fJLev

eo-ycrj/jiaTio-fjievos TOV rpoirov TOVTOV. TWV arofj-wv

airpovoirjTov /cat TV^alav e^ovTcov rrjv Kivr\Giv (Twe^o)^ re

35 teal rd^crra Kivovpevtov, et? TO avro TroXXa

avvrjOpoiaOr) Sid rovro TroiiciXiav e^ovra fcal

/cal jjLeyeOow <Kal [3apwv> . dOpoi^o^ivwv 8' ev ravrq) rov-

rwv rd fjuev o<ra ftei^ova TJV /cal ffapvrepa Trdvrws v



67] EPICURUS 19

o<ra Be jj,i/cpd /cal Trepicfreprj /cal \ela /cal evoXtaOa, TavTa
fcal effedXifteTO Kara Trjv crvvoBov TCOV aTO/jicov et? Te TO
jjLeTecopov dvecj)epTO. &>? B* ovv ee\ei7re /jLev 77 7r\rjKTL/cr)
Bvva/JLis /jLeTecopi^ovcra ov/ceTi Te rjyev 77 TrXrjyr) Trpbs TO
jjLeTecopov, e/cco\veTo Be TavTa /caTco (frepeo-Oai, eV^efeTO 5
irpbs Toi>9 T07TOU9 TOU9 Bvva/jLevovs Bej;acr0ai,' OVTOI, Be
rjo-av ol Trepij;, /cal 737509 TOVTOIS TO 77X77^09 TWV aco/jid-
TWV 7repi/c\dTO' Trepi'jrXeKo^eva Be aXX7jXot9 KOUTCL Trjv
irepi/c\ao'i,v TOV ovpavbv eyevvrjae. Trjs B* avTrjs e^o/jievai,
<jf)i;crea)9 al CLTO^OL TroiKi\ai ovaai, /ca0a)$ elpijrai, Trpbs it
TO /jueTecopov e^coOov/juevat, Trjv TCOV d&Tepcov <j>vo~iv direTe-

TOV depa /cal TOVTOV e^eOXifte' 7rvev/jLaTOvp,evo$ Be OVTOS
KCLTCL Tr)v KIVK](JIV KCii (TV^irepCKa^dvwv TCL dcrTpa
<rv/j,7repif)yev avTa /cal Trjv vvv 7repi(j)0pdv avTcov fjueTecopov i-
e(f)eiXiTT. tcdireiTa efc pev TWV VTTO/caOi^ovTcov eyevvrjOr)
r) yrj, e/c Be TCOV fjLeTewp^o^evwv ovpavos, irvp, dr]p.
Be v\r) 9 eTi TrepieiXrjijifjuevijs ev Trj yfj Trv/cvov/jbe-
Te TavTrjs /caTa Ta9 diro TCOV crcofJbdTcov 7r\r)yd<? ical
aTrb TCOV do-Tpcov avyds 7rpocre0\i{3eTO iras 6
o-^?7yLtaTto-/u<o9 TauT?;? /cal Trjv vypdv <f>vcrw eyei

Be avTrf Bia/cei/jLevrj /caT(f)epeTO Trpbs TOU9 /col-
Xou9 T07TOU9 /cal Bvva/nevovs ^coprjcrai Te /cal crTe^ai, r)
/ca0^ avTo TO vBcop VTCQCTTCLV e/coiXaive Toi/9 viroicei^evov^

Ta fj,ev ovv /cvpicf>TaTa /^eprj TOV KOCT/JLOV TOV 25
TOVTOV eyevvrjOrj. Compare Lucretius v 416508.

66 Epicurus apud Diogenem Laertium x 45 aXXa fjurjv Plurality of
/cal KOCT/JLOL aTretpOL elcnv oi ff o^oioi TOVTCO /cal ol dvojj,ot,oi. w

ibid. 73 TOU9 KOCT/JLOVS Be! /cal Trdcrav avyKpicnv Trejrepa-

TO o/u-otoetSe9 TOt9 Oecopov/jievois TTVKVCOS e^ovcrav 3
yeyovevai diro TOV aTreipov, TravTcov TOVTCOV e/c
<rvcTTpo(j)cov IBicov aTTOKeKpifievcov /cal fjuei^ovcov /cal eXo-T-
TOVCOV /cal 7rd\iv Bia\vecr0ai, irdvTa, Ta yu/ez/ OaTTov, Ta
Be PpaBvTepov /cal Ta /juev VTTO TCOV ToicovBe, Ta Be VTTO
TCOV ToicovBe Trdcr^ovTa. Compare Cicero de finibus I 21 35
innumerabiles mundi, qui et oriantur et intereant cotidie, and
Lucretius ii 1048-1089, 1105-1174.

67 Censorinus de die natali 4. 9 Democrito vero Abderitae



Survival of the
fittest



Growth of
civilisation
The soul



20 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [67

ex aqua limoque primum visum esse homines procreates.
nee longe secus Epicurus : is enim credidit limo calfacto
uteros nescio quos radicibus terrae cohaerentes primum
increvisse et infantibus ex se editis ingenitum lactis umorem
5 natura ministrante praebuisse, quos ita educates et adultos
genus hominurn propagasse.

68 Lucretius v 855

multaque turn interiisse animantum saecla necessest
nee potuisse propagando procudere prolem.
nam quaecumque vides vesci vitalibus auris,
aut dolus aut virtus aut denique mobilitas est

ex ineunte aevo genus id tutata reservans.
Compare 862-924.

69 See Lucretius v 925-1457.

70 Epicurus apud Diogenem Laertium X 67 oi \eyovres
5 dcrco/jLarov elvai rrjv ^v-^rjv fJLard^ovcnv. ovOev 'yap av

eBvparo nroielv ovre Trda^eLv, el rjv roiavrr)' vvv 8'
eVapyo>9 d/j,(f)OTpa ravra av/JL^aivei irepl rrjv tyv%r)V rd
o-vfjLiTTcofjLaTa. Compare Lucretius m 161176.

71 Epicurus fragment 311 Usener \eyei, ('E-TriKovpos) . . .
6^ drofjicov o-wyicelarOcu (rrjv ^v^rjv) \iordrci)v /cal

yv\a)Tdra)V, 7roXXc3 TIVI Siafyepovawv rwv rov
KOI TO fjuev TL a\o<yov avrfjs, o rut XotTreo nrapecnrdpOat,
rb Se \o<yi/cbv ev ra> 6a)pa/ci, &>9 &r}\ov fc re
<f)6/3c0v KOI r^9 %a/39. Compare Lucretius in 145
25 160, 177-230, 396-416.

72 Lucretius in 136-144

nunc animum atque animam dico coniuncta teneri
inter se atque unam naturam conficere ex se,
sed caput esse quasi et dominari in corpore toto
consilium quod nos animum mentemque vocamus.
idque situm media regione in pectoris haeret.
hie exultat enim pavor ac metus, haec loca circum
laetitiae mulcent ; hie ergo mens animusquest.
cetera pars anirnae per totum dissita corpus
paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur.

73 Aetius iv 11 p. 388 Diels 'ETrl/covpo? (rrjv



3 o



35



elvcu) Kpd/jLa etc rerrdpcov, etc TTOLOV irvpooSovs, etc TTOLOU



OF THF

UNIVERSITY

or




77] EPICURUS 21

depcbbovs, eK TTOLOV TTvev/JLariKov, e/c rerdprov TWOS a/car-
ovopda-Tov, o rjv avT& alaOrjTc/cov. Compare Lucretius
in 231322, where these elements are made the basis of
the animus or mens (i.q. TO Xoyi/cov).

74 Lucretius m 279-281

nominis haec ex per s vis facta minutis 5

corporibus latet atque animae quasi totius ipsa
proporrost anima et dominatur corpore toto.

75 Cicero de finibus I 21 quae sequitur, sunt tota Perception and
Democriti . . . imagines, quae el&a>\a nominant, quorum thou s ht
incursione non solum videamus, sed etiam cogitemus. i

76 Epicurus apud Diogenem Laertium 46-53 /cal urjv
KO! TVTTOL o/jLoioa-^fjioves TOLS (TTepefjbviois elcri, \67rr 6rr)(7t,v
dTreftovTes /jba/cpdv TWV (frawopevcov. . . . TOVTOVS Se TOVS
TVTTOVS eiSa)\a Trpoaayopevofjiev. teal p^v KOI 17 Sia rov
K6vov (f>opa Kara fjUTj^e/jLiav d'jrdvr^a'iv TWV avTiKo
yivofjievrj Trdv fjurj/cos TrepC^^Trrov ev aTrepivorjrq)
(7VVT\ei. . . . /cal <yap pevoris UTTO rwv acofjidrfov rov
eVtTToXr)? crvveyfis . . . aw^ovaa rrjv eVt rov a-repe/jivlov
Oecriv Kal rd^iv rwv drofJLwv eVl TTO\VV %povov t el /cal
eviore o-vy^eo/jievTj vTrdp^ei. . . . Bel Be /cal voiii^ew, eVetcr- 20

TWOS CLTTO Tcov ei;c09ev Ta? fjbop<f)a<? opav rjfias Kal
Oai. . . . TVTTCOV nvwv eTreio-iovTwv rjfuv CLTTO T&V
v o/jLoypocov T /cal OfjLOiofjLOpcjxov Kara TO evap-
jj,eye0o<; el<i Trjv O^TLV r) TTJV Sidvoiav. . . . d\\a ^rjv
Kal TO aKoveiv <ylveTai pev^aTos TWOS fyepopevov CUTTO TOV 25

&(DVOVVTOS rj Tj'XpVVTOS ff tyofyoVVTOS f) O7T&)9 O7J 7TOT

d/covo-Tiicbv irdOos irapaaKevd^ovTOS. . . . Kal /JLTJV /cal rqv
o(jyjr]v vofjM<7Teov, &o~Trep Kal TTJV d/cotfv, OVK dv vrore ovdev
7rd0os epydo-ao-Oai, el fjur) fyfCOl Tives rjaav diro TOV Trpdy-
fjuaTos dTrofapo/Aevoi (Tv/j,fjieTpoi, Trpbs TO TOVTO TO alaQ^T^piov 30
Kivelv. Compare Lucretius IV 26-268, 522-705, 722-
817 : and for the action of the soul upon the body 877-906.

77 Epicurus ibid. 6 5 \vopevov TOV o\ov dOpoua/jLaTOs r) The soul does
SiacrTreipeTai,. ibid. 1 2 5 TO tfrpifcwSea-TaTov ovv TWV

&v o OdvaTos ovOev TTpbs rjuds, eTreiSijTrep oTav fiev
w/juev, 6 OdvaTOS ov TrdpeaTiv OTav S 6 OdvaTos
Trapfj, Toff r)/j,els OVK eV/iei/. Compare Lucretius ill 417 ff.



22 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [78

The gods 78 Epicurus ibid. 123 f. Oeol pev jap elcriv evapjfa

jap avrwv eaTiv TI jvwats. oiovs 8' avrovs <ol>
TroXkol vo/Ai^ovcrtv, OVK elo-iv ov jap (f)V\drrov(7tv
avrovs o2bv9 VOOVCTLV. acre/Sv)? Be V X TOV9
Qeovs dvaipwv, d\\ 6 r9 rwv 7ro\\a)v
oadTTTWv. ov jap 7rpo\ri'fyet<$ elaiv,
8ei9 at TWV 7ro\\a)v vTrep 6ewv a,7ro(f)do'6t,s, evOev
at i^ejicn-at ySXaySat re rot? KaKols efc Oewv eTrdjovrat /cat
a)(j)\tat < rot? djaOoi? > . Compare Cicero natura deorum
10 i 43 and Lucretius I 62-101, v 1161-1240.

79 Aetius I 7. 34 p. 306 Diels 'Rirlicovpos avOpayrroeiSet?
/lev roi>9 Oeovs, \oj<p &e Trdvras Oecoprjrovs Bid rrjv
\7TTOfjL6petav T7Js T&v i&a)\cov (frvcrea)?. Compare Cicero
natura deorum I 48 f. quod si omnium animantium formam

i 5 vincit hominis figura, deus autem animans est, ea figura
profecto est, quae pulcherrima est omnium; quoniamque deos
beatissimos esse constat, beatus autem esse sine virtute
nemo potest nee virtus sine ratione constare nee ratio
usquam inesse nisi in hominis figura, hominis esse specie

20 deos confitendum est. nee tamen ea species corpus est, sed
quasi corpus, nee habet sanguinem, sed quasi sanguinem.
See also Cicero I.e. I 71 and Lucretius v 148151.

80 Cicero natura deorum I 5 summa vero vis infinitatis
et magna ac diligenti contemplatione dignissima est, in qua

25 intellegi necesse est earn esse naturam, ut omnia omnibus
paribus paria respondeant. hanc laovofiiav appellat
Epicurus, id est aequabilem tributionem. ex hac igitur
illud efficitur, si mortalium tanta multitude sit, esse
immortalium non minorem.

30 81 Epicurus apud Diogenem Laertiuin x 123 Trp&rov
TOV deov %<pov afyOaprov /cal /uiafcdpiov vo^i^wv, ew? rj
r) rov 6eov vo^ais virejpd^r), fjurjOev yLt^re TT}?
a\\orptov fjLrjre TT}? fAaKapiOTijTos dvouceiov avTaj
Trdv $e TO <pv\drT6tv avrov Svvd/jievov rrjv fjierd d

35 fiafcapLorrjTa jrepl avrov $6j;a%. ibid. 1 3 9 TO ^aicdpiov KOI
a(j)6apTov ovT avrb irpdjfiara %6t OVTC d\\(p Trape^ei, a>(7T
ovre opjals ovre ^dpiat avve^eraf ev daOevel jap Trdv TO
TOIOVTOV. Compare Lucretius II 646-51 and vi 387-422.



87] EPICURUS 23

82 Cicero de divinatione II 40 deos . . . induxit Epicurus
perlucidos et perflabiles, et habitantes, tanquarn inter duos
lucos, sic inter duos mundos. Compare de finibus II 75
(intermundia) and natura deorum I 18.

83 Lucretius in 18-22

apparet divum numen sedesque quietae s

quas neque concutiunt venti nee nubila nimbis
aspergimt neque nix acri con ere ta pruina
cana cadens violat semperque innubilus aether
integit, et large diffuse lurnine rident.

Ethics

84 Epicurus apud Diogenem Laertium x 128 rrjv The ethical

elvai TOV er



TavTrjv yap dyadbv Trp&TOv /cal crvyyevi/cbv eyvco/jbev, /cal
dirb ravrrjs /caTap%6/j,e0a Trdaris alpecrecos real <f)vyrj$ /cal
7rl TavTTjv /caravrw/jbev ft>? KCLVOVL ro5 irdOei irav d<yaObv
fcpivovres, Lucretius II 172 dux vitae dia voluptas. Com- 15
pare Cicero de finibus I 29-36, 40-42.

85 Epicurus apud Athenaeum xn 546 F fragment 409
Usener dp%rj real pi^a TTCLVTOS dyaOov r) 7779 yaa-rpbs rjSovtj'
/cal ra oro(f>a /cal ra Trepirra eVt ravTTjv %(, rrjv dva<f)opdv.
ibid. 546 E fragment 67 Usener ov yap eycoye %a) TL votfaray
rdyadov, dfyaupwv /juev ra? Sid ^v\wv rjbovds, d<f>aip(t)v Be
ra? Si d(f)po$i(7i(i)v, d(f>atpa>v Se rds $i d/cpoa/jbdrcov,
d<f>ai,pa)v Se /cal ra? Bid fjiop(f)rj^ icar otyiv rjBeias Kivr)creis.
Compare Cicero de, finibus ir 7, Tusculanae disputationes ill 41.

86 Epicurus apud Diogenem Laertium x 129 eirel Trp&rov 2 5
dyadbv TOVTO /cal CTV/JL^VTOV, Bid rovro /cal ov Trdcrav rjBovrjv
aipov/jbeOa, dX)C ecrnv ore TroXXa? 77801/^9 vTrep/Baivofjuev,
orav 7r\eiov r^uv TO Bvcr%p$ etc rovrcov eTrrjTai' /cal
TroXXa? dXyijoovas rjBovwv Kpeirrovs VOflt&pev, ejreiBdv
/jiei^cov rjfjuv rjBovrj 7rapa/co\ov0'f] TTO\VV %povo

ra? d\yrjB6vas. Trdaa ovv rjBovrj Bid TO fyvcnv
ol/ceiav dyaOov ov Tracra fievTOi aipeTij' icaddirep /cal
d\yrjSa)v Trdaa KOLK.QV ov Trdaa Be del <f>ev/CTr} 7re<j)V/cvia.

87 Aristocles apud Eusebii praeparationem evangelicam



24 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [87
XIV 21. 4 fragment 442 Usener apeivov eariv (fyyarlv

O^) VTTOfJLelvai, TOV(TO TIVCLS TOU9 7TOVOVS, OTTO)?

rj&ovds fj,et,ovs . . . av^epei T&vSe TWWV
TCOV rjSovcov, iva jjurj d\<ywfjbev d\<yr)$ova$
5 Epicurus apud Diogenem Laertium x 1 2 7
ft>9 TO fjbe\\ov ovre rjfierepov ovre irdvTws ov% rjfjberepov, f iva

/JLr)T TTCLVTMS 7TpO(T[JiVa)[jiV ft)? eCTOfLGVOV jJbr]T a7re\7ri%ti>fJLV

ft>9 7rdvTO)$ OVK ecrbfjuevov.

88 ibid. 136 77 pev yap drapa^ia KOI <rj> dirovia
10 Karacrrrj/jLari/cai elaiv rjSovat,' rj Se X a P^ Ka ^ ^ ev^poavvrj

Kara K,ivr)cnv evepyeua ftKzTrowai. Diogenes Laertius II
8/ r]^ovr)V . . . TTJV rov crw/jiaTos, rjv /cal reXo? elvau, ov rrjv
KaTao-TrjfjsaTircrjv rjSovrjv (ol l^vprjvaiKoL <$>aaiv elvat), rrjv
67T* dvaupecrei dXyiyftovcov /cal olov dvo^Xrjaiav, TJV o

15 '^TTL/covpos aTToSe^erat /cal reXo? elvai (j)r)<Ti. Kpicurus
ibid. X 139 0^09 rov /jieyeOovs TWV rj&ovwv r) Travros TOV
d\<yovvros vire^aipeo-is. Compare Cicero Tuscidanae dis-
putationes ill 47, de finibus II 16 and I 38 non placuit
Epicuro medium esse quiddam inter dolorem et voluptatem :

20 illud enim ipsum, quod quibusdam medium videretur, cum
onmi dolore careret, non modo voluptatem esse, verum etiam
summam voluptatem. quisquis enim sentit, quern ad modum