Texts to illustrate a course of elementary lectures on Greek philosophy after Aristotle online

sit adfectus, eum necesse est aut in voluptate esse aut in
dolore. omnis autem privatione doloris putat Epicurus

25 terminari summam voluptatem, ut postea variari voluptas
distinguique possit, augeri amplificarique non possit.

89 Epicurus apud Diogenem Laertium x 137 fragment
452 Usener eri Trpbs TOU? Kvprjvai/covs Siafyeperat,. ol
fj,ev yap ^eipovs ra9 crco/juan/cd? d\<yr)S6va$ \eyovcn TWV

3o^frv^/ca)v Ko\d^ea6ai yovv rou? dfjiaprdvovras crco/JLari' 6
Se ra9 ^Irv^t/cd^' ryv <yovv crdp/ca TO irapov /JLOVOV %6i/JLd%iv,
rrjv Be tyv%r)v /cal TO 7rape\0ov &*l TO Trapov /cal TO
/JL6\Xov. oi;T&)9 ovv fcal /JLei^ova? r)$di>ds elvai T^9 ^^^9.
ibid. 118 fragment 601 Usener KCLV aTpep\a>6r) 8' o cro^>o9,

35 elvai avTov ev&ai^ova. Compare Cicero Tusculanae dis-
putationes II 17 and Seneca epistulae 66. 18 Epicurus quoque
ait sapientem, si in Phalaridis tauro peruratur, exclama-
turum ' dulce est et ad me nihil pertinet/



95] EPICURUS 25

90 Epicurus apud Diogenem Laertium x 132 ov yap Virtue and

\ / > > A / / pleasure

tcai KM/AOL o~vveipovTe<s ovo aTro\avo~eis nraibwv /cal

V ovo' i%0va)v KOI TWV a\\a)v ocra <f>epei 7ro\vTe\r)<;

, TOV ijBvv yevva (3iov, aXXa vqifxDV Xoyia/jLos teal
ra9 atria? e%epevv&v Trda-rjs alpeo-ews /cal (frvyfjs KOL ra? s
Soa9 e%e\avvwv, ej; wv 7rXet<7TO9 ra? tyv%a<; KaTdKa^dveL
6opv/3os. rovToyv Se TTCLVTWV dp^r) real TO /leytcrroz' dyadbv
<j)povr)(TL<f. Sib teal (f)L\o(ro<f)ias TijjbiutTepov virdp^ei
e ^9 al \oi7ral tracrai ire^vicacnv dperai,
ovtc ecrTLv rSecos ^rjv avev TOV <f>povi/Jic0s /cal /caXco9 ical
<ov8e >oviiw^ /cal aXco9 /cal $i,/caia)s> avev TOV



yp a peTa ra> v ?ea>9 f /ca
TO ^TJV ?;Seftf9 TOVTCOV eo-T\v d%(t)pi(TTov. Compare Cicero
de finibus I 57.

91 Diogenes Laertius x 138 Std 8e TTJV rj&ovrjv teal The virtues
T9 dpeTas alpeia-Oai, ov i avTas, axnrep Trjv laTpucr^v

Bid TTJV vyueiav. Epicurus apud Athenaeum XII 546 F
fragment 70 Usener ri/^reoz/ TO /ca\bv /cal ra9 dpeTas
Kal TO, TOiovTOTpoTra, edv fjo'ovrjv Trapao-Kevd^rj" edit be fjurj
irapao-icevd^r), ^aipeiv eaTeov. Compare ibid. 547 A frag- 20
ment 512 Usener Trpoo-TTTvco ro5 Ka\u> /cal ro?9 icev&s avTo
6av/j,dov(Tiv, oTav /jL^Be/jiiav rjSovrjv Troifj, and Cicero de
finibus I 4254.

92 Cicero 'de finibus I 42 sapientia, quae ars vivendi Wisdom
putanda est, non expeteretur, si nihil efficeret ; nunc 25
expetitur, quod est tamquam artifex conquirendae et com-
parandae voluptatis.

93 ibid. I 48 intellegitur nee intemperantiam prop ter Temperance
se esse fugiendam temperantiamque expetendam, non quia
voluptates fugiat, sed quia maiores consequatur. 3

94 Epicurus apud Diogenem Laertium x 120 fragment Courage
517 Usener TTJV Be a '^pelav fyvaei pr] yivecrOai,, Xoyto-yu-o) Se

TOV av/ji(f)epovTo$. Compare Cicero de finibus I 3436, 49.

95 Epicurus ibid. 151 77 dSi/cia ov /ca&* eavTrjv /ca/cov, Justice
aXX* ev TO) Kara Trjv v'jro^riav ^>o/5&), el fjirj \ijaei rot/9 35
vTrep TWV TQiovT(ov efao-Tij/coTas /coXa<rra9. Compare 144

o Si/cat,os aTapaKTOTaTos, o 8' dbiKo
, and Cicero de finibus I 5053.



26 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [96



The Desires 96 Epicurus ibid. X 149 TWV eTTiOv/juwv al

<Kal dvay/calaf al be <f)vorifcal> real OVK dvay-
al Be ovre fyvaucal ovre dvay/calcu, aXXo, irapa Kevyv
&6%av yivo/juevai. Cicero de finibus I 45 f. quarum (cupidi-
5 tatum) ea ratio est, ut necessariae nee opera multa nee
impensa expleantur ; ne naturales quidem multa desiderant,
propterea quod ipsa natura divitias, quibus contenta sit, et
parabiles et terminatas habet, inanium autem cupiditatum
nee modus ullus nee finis inveniri potest. Compare Epicurus
10 apud Diogenem Laertium X 144 o TT}? fyva-ews TrXoOros ical
wpicTTai Kal evTrbpia-Tos e<7TW o Se r&v tcevwv $ot;a)v eh
aireipov eKTriTrrei.

Friendship 97, Epicurus ibid. 148 <*)v 1} ao(j)ia irapao-Kevd^erai et?

rrjv TOV o\ov ftiov /JLa/capiOTTjra, TTO\V fj,eyi(TTOv eorriv f)
15 TT}? </>tX/o-9 KTijcris. Compare Cicero de finibus I 65-70.
Society and 98 Arrian Epicteti dissertationes II 20. 6 ri jap \eyei

' n/r) e^aTraracrOe, avOpwiroi,, fjbrjBe irapdyeaOe



OVK <TTI (f)V(n,/crj KOivwvia rot?

a\Xij\ovs, Trio-rev a are fjioi. ol Be rd erepa \eyovres
ea7raTO)(7i,v v/juds /cal 7rapa\oyi^ovrai,.

99 Stobaeus florilegium 43. 139 ol vofjuoi xdpw rwv
(7O(f)(i!)v /ceivrai, v%, OTTO)? /JL?) d$t,KO)criv aXX' OTTCO? fjurj



100 Epicurus apud Diogenem Laertium x 150 oaa
2 5 q>a)v pr) eSvvaro (rvv9r)ica<$ TroielaOai ra? VTrep TOV pr)
/3\d7TT6iv d\\a /jir)$e ^KdirrecrOai, Trpos ravra ovOev TJV
Sl/caiov ovBe CL^LKOV. axrauro)? 8e real rcov eOvwv oaa
fjurj ISviHiTO rj fj,rj e/3ov\ero ra? trvvByicafi Troieio-Oai ra?
vTrep rov /J,Y) fSKaTrrew fJLrjSe /3\d7TTe(T0at,. OVK TJV ri [email protected]'
30 eavrb Si/caioa-vvr), o-XX* ev rat? per aXX??Xo>z/ o~vcrTpo($)ais
/caO^ oiri)\ucovs Srf 7TOT6 del TOTTOU? <rw6r)ici) r^9 virep
rov fjir) (3\dTTTeiv TJ /3\d7TTecr6a(,.
\aOipubffas 101 Lucretius v 1129 f.

ut satius multo iam sit parere quietum
quam regere imperio res velle et regna tenere.
35 Compare Epicurus apud Diogenem Laertium x 141 ev&ogoi
Kal 7repift\eTrToi rti/e? tftov\^0rf(rav yeveaOat,, TTJV e'f
d(7(j)d\eiav OVTCO



102] EPICURUS 27

wcrre el /JLCV da(f)a\r)$ 6 TWV TOLOVTWV {Bios, aTreXafSov TO
dyaOov el e /Jirj dcr(f)a\,r)S, OVK e^ovcnv ov

Kara TO r^9 (ucrea>9 ol/Ciov a)pe%6r)O'av.
102 Cicero definibusi 62 f. sic enim ab Epicure sapiens The Wist- .M.U.
semper beatus inducitur : finitas habet cupiditates, neglegit s
mortem, de dis inmortalibus sine ullo metu vera sentit, non
dubitat, si ita melius sit, migrare de vita, his rebus in-
structus semper est in voluptate. neque enim tempus est
ullum, quo non plus voluptatum habeat quam dolorum. nam
et praeterita grate meminit et praesentibus ita potitur, ut 10
animadvertat, quanta sint ea quamque iucunda, neque
pendet ex futuris, sed exspectat ilia, fruitur praesentibus ab
eisque vitiis, quae paulo ante conlegi, abest plurimum et,
cum stultorum vitam cum sna conparat, magna afficitur
voluptate. dolores autem, si qui incurrunt, numquam vim 15
tantam habent, ut non plus habeat sapiens quod gaudeat
quam quod angatur. optime vero Epicurus, quod exiguam
dixit fortunam intervenire sapienti maxim asque ab eo et
gravissimas res consilio ipsius et ratione administrari, neque
maiorem voluptatem ex infinite tempore aetatis percipi posse 20
quam ex hoc percipiatur, quod videamus esse finitum.
Compare Diogenes Laertius x 117-121, and Usener
Epicwrea pp. 330-341.



[103



V THE STOICS



Zeno



FOUNDATION OF THE SCHOOL: circa 300 B.C.
PRESIDENTS

ZENO circa 300-264 B.C.

CLEANTHES 264-232

CHRYSIPPUS 232-circa 206

ZENO OP TARSUS \

DIOGENES OF SELEDCIA > 206-circa 140

ANTIPATER OF TARSUS )

103 Diogenes Laertius vii 1 Zrjvcov Mva&eov rj
Kmet>9 CITTO KvTrpov, TroXtV/^aro? 'EXX^z^/coO, <f>oivi,icas
7TOiKOV<? e&XTjKOTOs. 5. ava/cdfjiTrrcov Srj ev rfj iroi,Ki\r)
(7Toa rfj teal Tlt,o-LavatCTi(p K0\ovjjuevr), CLTTO Se rrjs jpac^'fj^
5 TT}? Tlo\vyvcioTov TTOiKiKr), SierlOeTO TOU? \6jov<^. . . .
TTpoo-yeaav &rj TroXXol a/covovres avrov Kal 8ia rovro
eic\r)0r)o-av Kal ol air avrov o/^oto)?, TTporepov
a\ovfjivoi, KaOd (frycri, K.OLI 'J*j7riKovpo$ ev ETTLO'TO-
Numenius apud Eusebii praeparationem evangelicam
10 XIV 5. 11 IIoXeyLtaj^o? Se fyevovro yvoopi/jLoi, 'Ap/cecrtXao? KOI
Tirfvcov . . . Ztrjvcova /JLCV ovv ^k^vt]^ai etVa)^ ^
elra Se IIoXe/AW^fc ^OLTrjaai,, avOis $e Trapa
Kvvicrai,' vvvl Se avrm \e\oyior0a) on KOI SrtXTrw^o? re



Cleanthes



Chrysippus



bv



104 Diogenes Laertius vii 37 (/^a^T/r^? Znjvwvos)
Pavlov "A<r<rt09, o $iaSej;dfjL6vos rrjv a"^o\r)

iov rat9 (TK\rjpoKijpo^ SeXrot9, cu JJLO\^ /juev ypd-
, ^t,arr)pov(7L Se ra lypafyevra.

105 Diogenes Laertius VII 179 f. X^ucrt7T7ro9 'A-TroX-



20 \o)vlov SoXet9



Tapaevs . . .

28



KXedvOovs . . .



107] THE STOICS 29

dvyp ev(f>vr)s Kal b%vraros ev rravrl pepei, o#TO>9 ware /cal
ev TOt9 7rXeto-TOt9 BL^ve^drj TT/JO? Znjvcova, aXXa /cal rrpbs
, &> Kal TroXXtt/a? e\eye /JLOVTJS rfjs rwv Boy/jidrcov
XP^ 6iV ' ra< * ^ drroBei^eis avros evptfaetv.
Ijuerevbei /juevroi, oTrore 77/309 avrov aTroreivoiro wcrre 5
es 7rpo(f)epeo-0ai, ravra"
eya) Se raXXa /j,aicdpio$ lT<f>VK dvrjp,
7T\rfV et? KXedvOrjv rovro 8' ou/c evBai/jLova).
8' eVtSo^o? eV rot? StaXe/crt/cot? eyevero, wcrre
row? TrXetou? cm et irapd Beols TJV f) Bt,a\6KriKtj t 10
OUAC ay aXX?7 ^i/ 17 17 X/ouo't7r7r6to9. ifXeovdaas Se rot?
Trpdy/jiacn rrjv \e%iv ov KaTcopdwae. TrovitcwTaros re
Trap OVTIVOVV yeyovev, 009 8^X09 e/c TWI/ o-vjypafjL/j,dra)v
avrov' TOV dpiO/jibv yap vTrep TrevTG Kal eTrraKoo'id
iv. 15

183 <pacrlv eV avrov \e%0r)vai,

oto9 TreTTwrai,, rol Be dKial ac(rcrov(Ti,



Kal



el jjurj yap r)V Xpucrt7T7ro9, OVK av fjv %rod.

Philosophy and its parts

106 Aetius i prooemium 2 p. 273 Diels ol fiev ovv Definition and
I e<f>a(Tav rrjv fjbev (ro<f)iav elvau Oelwv re *<*^ S^^^J* '



eTTKrrrjfJLrjv, rrjv Be (f)i\ocro(f)iav
r 6^1^779* emrri^eiov Be elvai /juiav Kal dvcordra)
rrjv dperr)V, dperas Be ras <yevt,Kwrdra<$ rpels, <j>vai,Kr)v f)OiKr)v
\oyiKijv Bi TJV air lav Kal rpifjueprfs ecrrw 77 (friXoaotyia, 25
7^9 TO uev (frvcriKov TO Be rjOiKov TO Be \oyiKov Kal
pev orav rrepl KOO-^LOV fyrwuev Kal rwv ev
QiKov Be TO Kar^a-'^oK'rjfjLevov rrepl rov dvOpto-
TTLVOV jSiov, \oyt,Kov Be TO rrepl rov \6yov, o Kal
Bia\eKrLKov Ka\ovaiv. Compare Diogenes Laertius VII 3
39 and Cicero de finibus in 72.

107 Diogenes Laertius VII 40 elKa^ovcri, Be fao) rrjv
<f)i,\ocro<l)iav, bcrrols fiev Kal vevpois TO \oyiKov rrpocro/jLOtovv-
T9- T0i9 Be aapKcoBea-repot,? TO f)6t,Kov rfj Be ^v^fj TO



30 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [107

(frvcriKov. rj nraKiv oxo- ra fjiev yap e'/cro? elvau TO \oyi-
KOV TO, Be fjLera ravra TO rj0iKov TO, B ecreoraro) TO
(frvcriKov. rj dypa> Tra/ji(f)6pa)' TOV ftev TrepL^e/S^fj/jievov
(j>pay/jubv TO \oyiKOV TOV Be Kapirov TO r)6iKov Trjv Be yfjv

s TI TO, BevBpa TO (frvcriKov.

108 Seneca fragment 1 7 philosophia nihil aliud est quam
recta vivendi ratio vel honeste vivendi scientia vel ars rectae
vitae agendae. non errabirnus, si dixerimus philosophiam
esse legem bene honesteque vivendi, et qui dixerit illam

10 regulam vitae, suum illi nomen reddidit.

Logic

Subdivisions of 109 Diogenes Laertius VII 41 TO Be \oryucov /juepos (fraalv
evioi et? Bvo Siaipelcrdai, eTricrTrj/Jias, el<; prjTopi/crjv Kal
Bia\eKTt,/c^v' Tiz/e? Be Kal eZ? TO opi/cov elBos </cal>
TO Trepl KCLVOVWV Kal KpiTiipLwv evioi Be TO opt/cov
15 irepiaipova-i. TO fjuev ovv Trepl Kavovwv Kal KpiTrjpiwv Trapa-
\afjLJ3dvovo-t, 7T/309 TO TTJV oXijOeiav evpelv ev avTO) yap TO,?
vTavi&v Biatyopas aTrevOvvovai. Kal TO opiKov Be
7T/309 e7ri<yva)(Tiv TT)? d\r)9eias' Bia yap TCOV ev-
vot,wv TO, TTpdyuaTa \a/j,/3dveTaL.

Dialectic and HO Sextus Empiricus II 7 Ztfvwv 6 KtTteu? ep(o-

Rhetoric TrjOels oVft) Biaffrepei Bt,a\eKTt,Krj prjTopiKrjs,

TTJV X W a Ka ^ 7rd\iv efa7rXo)o-a9 ecfrrj TOVTW,
fMev TTJV (rv(TTpo<f)rjv TO <TTpoyyv\ov Kal f3pa%
Bia\eKTt,Krj<; TCLTTWV tStaj/^a, Bia Be TT}? efa-7rXa)creft)9 Kal
2$ eKTaaews TWV BaKTV\wv TO 7r\aTV TTJ^ pijTOpiKrjs Bvvd-
/xe&>9 alviTTopevos. Compare Cicero de finibus II 1 7.

stoic Rhetoric 111 Cicero de finibus iv 7 scripsit artem rhetoricarn
Cleanthes, Chrysippus etiam, sed sic ut si quis obnm-
tescere concupierit, nihil aliud legere debeat.

^aj/rao-t'a 112 Diocles Magnes apud Diogenem Laertium vn 49

dpeo-Kei TOt9 ^Tft)t:ofc9 TOV Trepl fyavTaaias Kal alaOrio'ews
TTpoTaTTeiv \6yov, KadoTi TO KpiTrjpiov, o> ^ d\r)6eui TWV
TTpay/juaTcov yivaxrKeTai, KaTa 761/09 (ftavTaaia eaTi, Kal
KaOoTt, 6 Trepl avyKaTa6ea'ect)$, Kal 6 Trepl KaTa\r)tyea)S
35 Kal z/o^cre&)9 Xo p yo9 Trpodywv TWV a\,\a)v OVK avev <j>av-



115] THE STOICS 31



avvicrraraL. TrpOTjyelrai yap rj fyavr acrid elO rj
Sidvoia K\a\7jTLKrj vTrdp^ovora, o Travel VTTO Trjs <f>av-

, TOVTO e/c<f>epet, \6ya).

113 Aetius iv 12. 1 p. 401 Diels fyavraaia pev ovv
(/cara XptxriTTTrov) TrdOos ev rf) ^v^fj yiyvo^evov, 5

ev ai)T(j> real TO TreTroirj/cos' olov
Si oijrea)? Oewpwaev TO \ev/cov, O~TI Trado? TO e
pevov Bia T^? opdcrecos ev T{J ifrv%f). Compare Cicero
academica 1 40. Sextus Empiricus vn 228 ff. tyavTacrla
ovv eo~Ti tca,T avTovs Tvirwa-is ev tyv%fj. irepl -^9 evOvs
/cal &ieo-Tr]o~av KXedvOrjs /JLCV yap TJKOVO- TTJV Tvirwaiv tcaTa
TC real e^o^v, Mairep KOI Sia TWV Sa/cTV\ia)v yivo-
TOV tcrjpov TVTrcocriv, XpucrtTrTro? Se CLTOTTOV rjjeiTO TO
TOLOVTO . . . auro9 ovv (o Xpuo-fcTTTTO?) Trjv TVTTtoGiv zlpr)(jQai

V7TO TOV ZiTJVCOVOS V7Tv6ei, CLVT\ TT}? T/30tCe)CT6a)9, C00V

elvat, TOLOVTOV TOV \6yov



114 Diogenes Laertius X 51 TWV Be (fravTaaitov KCLT
at fjuev elaiv alo-0rjTifcal, at 8' ov' alo-OrjTL/cal

al &i alaBrjTijpiov r) cu<T0i)Tijpuov \a^avo^vai, ovtc 20
alo~dr)Ti/cal 8 al SLO, T?}? Siavoias Kaddirep al eTrl TWV
dcrcofjLaTcov teal eTrl TWV a\X,a)V TCOV \oy(D \afJL^avojjLevwv.

115 Cicero academica, n 37 f. riunc de adsensione atque Assent
approbatione, quam Graeci avyicaTdOeaiv vocant, pauca
dicemus. . . . nam cum vim, quae esset in sensibus, explica- 25
barnus, simul illud aperiebatur, comprehend! multa et percipi
sensibus, quod fieri sine adsensione non potest. deinde
cum inter inanimum et animal hoc maxime intersit, quod
animal agit aliquid nihil enim ageris ne cogitari quidem
potest quale sit aut ei sensus adimendus est aut ea, 30
quae est in nostra sita potestate, reddenda adsensio.

at vero animus quodam modo eripitur eis, quos neque
sentire neque adsentiri volimt. ut enim necesse est
lancem in libra ponderibus impositis deprimi, sic animum
perspicuis cedere. nam quo modo non potest animal 35
ullum non appetere id, quod accommodatum ad naturam
appareat Graeci id oltcelov appellant sic non potest
obiectam rein perspicuam non approbare.



The mind a
tabula rasa
at birth



Truth



The



32 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [l!6

116 Aetius IV 11. 1-4 p. 400 Diels ol ^rwucol <f>ao-iv
orav ryevwqOrj 6 dvOpcoTros, e^ei TO rjyepovifcbv fJLepos Trjs
ijrv)(ffc Mo-Trep %dpT7]v evepyov els a7roypa<prfv et?
TOVTO fjbiav ercdo-rrjv r&v evvoLwv evaTroypd^erai. Trpwro? Be

5 o rrjs dvaypatyfjs rpojros 6 Bid rwv alaOrjcrecov.
yap nvos olov \evKov aTreXOovros avrov
orav 8e oyu-oetSet? iroXXo) fivrj/juai yevwvTcu, rore
e^eiv e/jLTreipiav e/JLTreipia <ydp eVrt TO rwv
(fravTCKriwv ir\r)6os. rcov 8e evvoiwv al pev

10 yivovrai, Kara TOU? elprj/jLevov? rpoTrovs real
T0)9, al Se ^77 Si r}fj,6Tpa<; $iSaa-/ca\La<; real
avrai fjiev ovv zvvoiai rca\ovvrai JJLOVOV, ercelvai Be real
Tr^oX^-^ret?. o Be ^0709, rcaB^ ov Trpoo-ayopevo/jieOa
\oyiicoi, ere rwv Trpokrj-^rewv o-v/j,7T\r)pov(r6ai, \eyerai Kara



(f>ai>Tacria or
test of truth



\oytrcov %(pov TO yap <f)dvTacrfj,a eTrei&av \oyircfj
rv^rj, TOTe evvor)fj,a Ka\elrat> ei\i]<f>o<i TOVVO/JM
Trapa rov vov.

117 Diogenes Laertius VII 54 ecm 8' r) TrpoK^i^ evvoia
20 (frvcriKr) TWV rcado\ov. ibid. 5 3 ^uo-t/cw? Be voelrai Bi/catov

TI real ayaOov. Compare Cicero de finibus III 21, 33, and
Seneca epistulae 117. 6 multum dare solemus praesumptioni
omnium hominum et apud nos veritatis argumentum est
aliquid omnibus videri : tanquam deos esse inter alia hoc
25 colligimus, quod omnibus insita de dis opinio est nee ulla
gens usquam est adeo extra leges moresque proiecta, ut non
aliquos deos credat.

118 Sextus Empiricus VHI 9 f . 6 Be 'RTTireovpos ra fjuev
al(rOr)Ta Trdvra e\eyev d\7]0rj real ovra . . . ol Be CLTTO rfjs

30 ^Toa? \eyov<ri fjuev rwv re aurOrjT&v nva real TWV VOTJTWV
d\r)0rj, ovrc ef evOeias Be ra aladrjrd, aXXa rear dva-
(f>opav rrjv 0)9 eVl ra rraparceipeva rovrois vorjrd.

119 Diogenes Laertius VII 46 T^9 Be <pavrao-[a<; rqv
Kara\7]Tmicr)v rrjv Be drcard\r]7rrov reara\7]7rrirer)v

r)v Kpirripiov elvai rwv Trpayiidrwv <f>a(ri, rrjv yivo/jbevrjv
diro V7rdp%ovro<; rear 1 avro TO virdp%ov, evaire-
(T(f)pa<yi,(r /j,evrjv real eva'Trofjbe^ayfJbev'^v drcard\rj7rrov



Be



rrjv firj ir



rj cnro virdp^ovro^ [lev,



123] THE STOICS 33

/car avTo Be TO V7rdp%ov, TTJV /JLTJ rpavfj /ArjBe etcrvTrov.
Compare Sextus Empiricus Pyrrhoneorum II 4 -7-779 Kara-
\7)7m/cr)$ (fravTacrias OVO-TJ? CLTTO v7rdp%ovTos /car avrb TO
V7rdp%ov evaTro/jie/Aayfjiev'rjs real evaTreo-^payicraevrj^, oia ovtc
av yevoiTo diro jjurj vTrdp^ovTos, and Zeno fragments 5
10, 11 Pearson.

Diogenes Laertius vu 54 aXXot Be Tives TWV dp%aio-

Tep(t)V ^TCOiKCOV TOV OpdoV \OyoV KplTljpiOV d r JTO\ei7rOVCTLV.

120 Cicero academica II 145 (Zeno) cum extensis digitis
adversam manum ostenderat, 'visum/ inquiebat, 'huius modi w
est,' deinde, cum paullum digitos contraxerat, 'adsensus
huius modi.' turn cum plane compresserat pugnumque
fecerat, comprehensionem illam esse dicebat : qua ex simili-
tudine etiam nomen ei rei, quod ante non fuerat, /caTdXrjtyw
imposuit. Contrast Sextus Empiricus vu 257 avTrj 15
yap (77 KaTa\r)7TTi/cr) fyavTaGia) evap<yr)<$ ovcra KOI

ov%l Twv Tpt,%wv, (fracrlv (ol vewTepoi TWV
veTai,, /caTacr7ra)(Ta rjfjuas efc o-vy/caTdQeo-w.

121 Sextus Empiricus vm 1 1 f. ol diro T^JS Sroa? Tpia Formal logic

av^vyelv d\\rj\o^, TO re Grri^ciLvo^evov /cal TO 20

teal TO TV<y%dvov, wv ari^alvov pev elvai TTJV
(f)a)vijv, olov Trjv A/ct)^, ari^aivo fjuevov Se avTo TO
TO VTT avTrjs Sr)\ov/jievov /cal ov ^yLtet? fjuev dvTikafJL
Ty r)fj,Tepa Trapv^io-Ta/jievov SiavoLq, ol Be {3dp(3apoi OVK
eTratovdi KaLirep r?}? ^0)^7)9 d/covovTes, Tvy%dvov oe TO 25

6/CT09 V7TOK6L/jiVOV, COCTTTep ai)TO<S O AiO)V. TOVTWV B &VO

fjiev elvai crcoyu-ara, tcaOdirep TTJV (frajvrjv Kal TO Tvy%dvov,
ev Se do-co/juaTov, waTrep TO o-rj/jiatvofjievov TTpdy/jua Kal
\etcTov, oTrep d\7]6e$ re yiveTai, rj i|r6i)8o9.

122 Diogenes Laertius VII 63 (>ao-l Se TO \CKTOV elvai The \cKr6v
TO /caTa (pavTaaiav \oyncrjv v<picrTd/jLevov. TWV Be \e/CTcov

Ta jJLev \eyovo~iv eivai avTOTe\rj ol Z^TCOLKOL, TO, 8' e\\i,7rfj.

e\\L7rrj fjiev ovv eGTi Ta ava7rapTio~TOv

K(f)opdv, olov Tpdfai' eTTi^Tov/jiev yap, T/9;

8' eVrt Ta d'jr^pTicr^ev'rjv e^ovTa Trjv efc<popdv olov, 35



123 ibid, ev pev ovv rot9 eXXt7re<rt \e/CTols rera/crat TO, The Cate-



gories



34 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [l2

124 Seneca epistulae 58. 8 genus illud primum quaerimus,
ex quo ceterae species suspensae sunt, a quo nascitur omnis
divisio, quo universa comprebensa sunt. Diogenes Laertius
VII 61 yevirca)TaTov Be ecrTiv o yevos ov yevos ovrc e^ei,

s olov TO ov. Sextus Empiricus Pyrrhoneorum II 86 TO T/,
OTrep (fracrlv elvai TrdvTcov yev(,rca)TaTOv.

125 Simplicius scholia in Aristotelem 48 a 13 ff. Brandis
ol 2tTO)Lreol els e\aTTOva orvcrreXJXeiv d^iovcri TOV TWV
TTpwTcov yevwv dpiOfjiov, . . . iroLovvTai yap TTJV TOJJL^V els

TO recrcrapa, els VTrotcei/jieva real Troia real TTWS e^ovTa real

TI TTCOS e%ovTa.
Other subjects 126 Diogenes Laertius vn 43 f. TT)V

er Biat,pei(T0ai eis re TOV Trepl TMV o-rj/jLaivo/jLevayv real TTJS
(f>covfjs TOTTOV. real TOV fiev TWV arj/jiaivo/jLevcov eis Te
15 TOV Trepl TMV (pavTacnwv TOTTOV real TWV ere TOVTCW
\ercTMV d^iWfjidTwv real avTOTe\a)v real reaT-
>, real TWV O/JLOICOV opOwv real VTTTLCOV real
real elBcov, o^oicos Be real \6ya)v real TpoTrwv real
real TWV Trapa TTJV (f)0)vrjv real TO,

a)V elvai tyevBo/jievovs \oyovs real d\7]0evovTas
real dTro^dareovras GcopeiTas Te real TOVS O/AOIOVS TOVTOLS,
e\\iTre2s real aTropovs reai TrepaivovTas rcai eyreerca\v/jL-
/juevovs rcepaTivas Te real ovTiBas real Bepi^ovTas. elvai,
Be TTJS ia\eKTircris iBtov TOTTOV real TOV TrpoeipTj/jLevov Trepl
25 avTrjs TTJS (j)(i)vr)s, ev (j> BeirevvTai, rj eyypdufjiaTos <^wvrj,
real Tiva TCL TOV \6yov f^eprj, real Trepl (To\oirao-/jiov real
/3ap/3api,crfjLOV real Troirj/jidTcov real ayn<t/3oXf,coi> real Trepl
e/x/^eXo09 (f)c0vrjs real Trepl /j,ov(nrci)s real Trepl opcov rcaTa
Tivas real Biaipecrewv real Xefea>i>.

Physics

Materialism 127 Cicero academica I 39 (Zeno) nullo modo arbitra-

batur quidquam effici posse ab ea (natura), quae expers esset
corporis . . . nee vero aut quod efficeret aut quod efficeretur,
posse esse non corpus. Plutarch de communibus notitiis
1073 E ovTa yap [jLova Ta a^^ara rcdXovo'iv, eTreiBr) OVTOS

35 TO TTOieiV TL Kttl



131] THE STOICS 35

128 Sextus Empiricus X 218 TWV Se aawfjbdrwv
Teo-frapa ecorj KaTapiOfAovvTai, 009 \eKTov KOI /cevbv /cal

TO7TOV KCLl %pOVOV.

129 Hippolytus pliilosopJiumena 21. 1 p. 571 Diels o The first cause
re XyovcrtTTTTo? teal Zrjvcov, o'l vTreOevTO /cal avTol dp^rjv 5

/JLV OeOV TO)V TTaVTCOV, CTWyU-O- OVTO, TO KaOap(t)TaTOV,

Sid TrdvTwu Se Sirf/ceiv rrjv irpovoiav avrou. Aetius I 7.
33 p. 305 Diels ol ^Tau/col voepov Oeov aTrofyaivovrai, irvp
ov 0^(0 ffaSi^ov eVl 'yevecnv KOO-JJLOV, efjb7repiet\r)-
Trdvra^ rovs aTrep^ariicov^ \6yovs, rcaO* 01)9 etcao-ra 10
eifjLap/jLevrjv <ylverai, teal Trvev^a pev Siij/cov St' oXou
rov Koo-fjuov. Cicero academica II 126 Zenoni et reliquis
iere Stoicis aether videtur summus deus, mente praeditus,
qua omnia regantur. Compare Stein Psychologie der Stoa
I p. 26 n. is

130 Seneca epistulae 65. 2 dicunt, ut scis, Stoici nostri Two aspects
duo esse in rerum natura, ex quibus omnia fiant, causam et tirst
materiam. materia iacet iners, res ad omnia parata, cessatura,

si nemo moveat. causa autem, id est ratio, materiam format
et quocumque vult versat, ex ilia varia opera producit. *
esse ergo debet, unde fiat aliquid, deinde a quo fiat, hoc
causa est, illud materia. Diogenes Laertius VII 134 So/eel
& avrols /o%^9 elvat, TMV oXwv Svo, TO TTOIOVV ical TO
Trdo-^ov. TO fj,ev ovv Trda^ov elvai rrjv CLTTOLOV ovo-iav
rrjv v\r]v, TO &e TTOLOVV TOV ev avTy \6<yov TOV Oeov 25
TOVTOV yap dtbiov OVTCL $ia Trdar]^ avTrfs
etcao-Ta. TiOrjcri, Se TO 807/^,0. TOVTO Zrjvcov /JLCV 6 K
eV TW Trepl ovorias, KXedvOrj? Se ev TO> Trepl
Xpvo"t7T7ro9 8e ev Trj TrpwTrj TWV <f>vcriKwv.

131 Diogenes Laertius VII 1 3 5 f. ev T elvai Oeov /cal Cosmogony
vovv /cal el/jLap/Jievrjv /cal A/a 7roXXat9 T6 eTepais ovo/jLacria^
irpocrovofjbd^eo-Oai. icar dp^ja^ fjiev ovv /ca& avTov ovTa
Tpeireiv TTJV iraarav ovalav 81 depos els vBayp- /cal cocrTrep

ev Trj yovfi TO dTrep^a Trepie^eTat,, OVTCO teal TOVTOV
(TTrep/AaTi/cbv \6<yov ovTa TOV KOO-JJLOV Toiov&e viroXei- 35
TrecrOai ev TW vypw, evepyov avTu> TroiovvTa TTJV v\r)v Trpbs
TTJV TWV ef?J9 yevecrw elTa dtroyevvdv TrpwTov TCL Tecrcrapa
, 7rvp, vocop, depa, yijv.



36 TEXTS FOR LECTURES ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY [131

Plutarch de communibus notitiis 1085 c rd ye ^v
Teo-aapa (TTOL^eta, yrfv /cal vSa)p, depa re Kal Trvp,
TTp&Ta aTOL^ela Trpoo-ayopevovres, OVK olSa OTTW? ra /j,ev
a7r\a /cal KaOapd, TCL Se avvOeTa KOI fjie/jbty^eva TTQIQVGI.
5 yrjv /JLev yap /cal vScop ovre e/9 del avrd crvve^eiv ovre
erepa, TrvevfjuaTiKfjs Se yu-ero^ /cal irvptoSovs Swd/jbews rrjv
evorrjra Sia<j)v\dTTeiv depa Be /cal Trvp avrwv re elvai
SL evroviav e/craTi/cd, /cal rot? Svalv efcelvois ey/ce/cpa/jueva
TQVOV Trape^eiv /cal TO /JLOVI/JLOV /cal OLcrtwSe9.
10 132 Stobaeus eclogae I 370 p. 152 Wachsmuth Zrjvwva
Se oi/ro)? d'jro^aiveadai, SLapprjBijv' roiavrTjv Se Serjaei, elvai
ev irepio^w rrjv TOV o\ov ^iatcoo-jjirjcriv IK 7779 ovcria^' orav
etc Trvpbs TpoTrrj t9 v$(0p Si? depos <yev7)rai,, TO fiev TL
v(j)i(7Tao-0ai, /cal yrjv o-vviaTao-dai, [/cal] e/c TOV \OLTTOV Se
J 5 TO fjuev Siafjuevetv vSayp, e/c Se TOV OUT^LI^O^VOV depa <yivecr6ai,
e/c rtz/09 Se TOV depos Trvp egaTTTew TTJV Se fufyv </cal>
Kpaaiv ryiveaOai Trj et9 aXX^Xa TWZ/ o-TOi^eiwv yLtera/3oX^
crcD/jbaTOS o\ov Si? o\ov rtvo9 eTepov ^iep^o^evov. See
Pearson Fragments of Zeno pp. 100-103.

7>a<rts Si' 6\ov 133 Diogenes Laertius vn 151 /cal r<z9 /cp acre t9 Se

rOai,' KaOd $v)cnv o Xpycrt7r7ro9 ev T{J TpiTy
<J>V<TIKWV, ical fjurj Kara 7repi,<ypa(f)rjv /cal TrapdOecrw /cal
yap et9 TreXayo? 0X^709 olvos ff^rjOels eVl TTOCTOZ/ dvTi-
Trape/cTaOrjo-eTai, elra o-vfi(j)6apr)o-eTai,. Simplicius physica
25 iv 1 p. 530. 11 ed. Diels cr&>//,ara yap Trdvra \eyew
/cal r9 TroiOTrjTas /cal TTJV yfrv^v /cal Bid
opcovTes TOV crc6yu,aro9 /cal TTJV ^v^rjp ^wpovcrav Kal
TTOioT'rjTas ev rat9 /cpdaeo-t, o-vve^wpovv aw/jia Sid
%aypeiv. Plutarch de Stoicorum repugnantiis
3 o 1054 A TravTa^ov TYJV v\ijv dpyov e eavTfjs /cal d/ciwrjTov
Tais TTOLOTTJCTLV d'rrofyaivova'i, ra9 $e TroiOTrjTas
ovcras /cal TOVOVS depaiSei,? 0^9 av eyyevwvTai
uX^9 elSoTTOieiv e/cacrTa /cal cr^rjfiaTi^eiv.