A system of oral surgery: being a treatise on the diseases and surgery of ... online

This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project
to make the world's books discoverable online.

It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject
to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books
are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover.

Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the
publisher to a library and finally to you.

Usage guidelines

Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the
public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to
prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.

We also ask that you:

+ Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for
personal, non-commercial purposes.

+ Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine
translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the
use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help.

+ Maintain attribution The Google "watermark" you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find
additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it.

+ Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just
because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other
countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can't offer guidance on whether any specific use of
any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner
anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe.

About Google Book Search

Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers
discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web

at http : //books . google . com/|




A system of oral surgery



James Edmund Garretson



wm





Digitized by VjOOQIC



9



f



Digitized by VjOOQIC



Digitized by



Google



Digitized by VjOO^IC




Digitized by



Google



A SYSTEM



OP



OKAL SURGEEY

BEING

A TREATISE ON THE



DISEASES AND SURGERY

OP THE

MOUTH, JAWS, FACE, TEETH,

AND

ASSOCIATE PARTS.



BY

JAMES E. GARRETSON, M.D., D.D.8.,

Dean of the Philadelphia Dental College; Surgeon in Charge of the Hospital of Oral
Surgery; Member of the Philadelphia County Medical Sooioty; Member of the
Philadelphia Pathological Society ; Honorary Member of the Delaware County
Medical Society ; Honorary Member of many Dental SooieUes ; Late Oral Sur-
geon to the University of Pennsylvania; Late Lecturer on Anatomy
and Surgery in the Philadelphia School of Anatomy, etc., etc.



gllnintHUi with ^umttoM Sitttl ^1}XU$ attd 'WooA-duifi.



FOURTH EDITION, THOROUGHLY REVISED, WITH ADDITIONS.



PHILADBLPH lA:

J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO.

LONDON: 16 SOUTHAMPTON STREET, STRAND.
18 84.



Digitized by



Google



Copyright, 1881, by J. B. Lippincott & Co.
Copyright, 1884, by J. B. Lippincott & Co.



Digitized byCjOOQlC



I r



PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION.



In presentiDg the fourth edition of this work to a professional public, the
author desires to acknowledge the encouragement and stimulation derived
from the continued generous reception and the constantly increasing sale.

The present book is enlarged by addition of several chapters on subjects
not heretofore embraced. Exertion has been increased to condense and sim-
plify. Illustrations to the extent of seventy-five new cuts have been added.
Every part of the volume has been rearranged, rewritten, or complemented.

The fact that this " system" has come into common use by dental collies
makes desirable unexceptionable fulness in the direction of things considered
by the specialty. Effort has been made to have no principle absent. Irrel-
evant matter is not present to perplex.

The teachings and demonstrations being prepared specially for the guidance
of students and practitioners of oral surgery, the author offers them as a
result of thirty years of practice. Time has been taken for experimentation,
for consideration, and for execution. The responsibility has been continuously
in mind. The writer has done all he finds himself able to do.

The author is under special obligation to Prof. D. Hayes Agnew and Dr.
James W. White for the free use of costly diagrams, and to the publishers
for the courteous attention and care shown while his work was passing
through the press.

J. E. G.

1537 Chestiott Street, November 10, 1883.



Digitized by



Google



Digitized by



Google



CONTENTS.



CHAPTER I.

SURGICAL ANATOMY OP THE HEAD.

PAOB

Introductory— The Skull — Superior Maxilla— Inferior Maxilla— Palate
Bone — Vomer — Ethmoid Bone — Sphenoid Bone — Nasal Bone — Malar
Bone— Lachrymal Bone— Hyoid Bone— Section of Skull— Base of Skull . 25

CHAPTER II.

THE MOUTH.

The Mouth— Muscles of Face— Arteries of Pace— Carotid Arteries — Deep
Arteries of Facial Region— Veins of Face— Nerves of Pace — Sectional
Expression of Mouth — Muscles of Tongue — Surface Anatomy of Tongue
— Papillae of Tongue— Mucous Membrane— Anatomy of Salivary Glands
— Temporo-Maxillary Articulation 50

CHAPTER III.

FIFTH PAIR OF NERVES.

Common View of Distribution — Trifacial Division and Oanglia — Ganglion
of Casserio — Ophthalmic Nerve— Superior Maxillary Nerve — Inferior
Maxillary Nerve — Physiological Function of Nerve 69

CHAPTER IV.

ANATOMY OF THE TEETH.

A Tooth a Body sui generis — Resemblance to Ivory — Dental Pulp — Dentine
— Enamel — Cementum — Microscopic Anatomy of Fang of Tooth, exhibit-
ing Dentine and Cement — Enamel Columns — Interglobular Spaces — Rela-
tion of the Teeth with Jaw — Peculiarities of Individual Teeth — Names
and Surfaces of Teeth 88

CHAPTER V.

DENTITION.

Development of Teeth — Dental Germs— Primitive Dental Groove — Dental
Papilla — Hyaloid Structure — Developing G^rms — Tunica Propria — Hali-
tus of TootH-Sac — Calcification — Formation of Enamel — Illustration in
Dental Germ Development — Relations of First and Second Dentitions —

Positions of Tooth-Gterms — Articulation 93

8



Digitized by



Google



4 CONTENTS.

CHAPTER VI.

ASSOCIATIVE LESIONS OP FIRST DENTITION.

PAOS

Dental Irritation — Localized Stomatitis — Lancing Children's Teeth — Hem-
orrhage — Angina Simplex — Chronic Angina — Irritative Fever — Diarrhoea
of Dentition — Spasms — Eruptions — Cutaneous Hypersamia — Papulae —
Exanthematse — Bullae — Pustulaa — ^Vesiculae — Tubercula — Maculae . . 100

CHAPTER VIL

ANOMALIES OF SECOND DENTITION AND THEIR SURGICAL RELATIONS.

Teeth Erupting External or Internal to the Arch — ^Teeth denied Space in
the Arch — Encysted (Jerms — Supernumerary Teeth— Third Dentitions —
Periodonteal and Periosteal Associations — Germs with Heterogeneous De-
velopment — Illustrations 124

CHAPTER VIIL

THE TEETH AND THEIR DISEASES.

Caries — Health in the Dental Organism — Causes Provocative of Caries—
Scrofulosis — Rickets — Shapes of the Teeth — Nutritional Circumstances —
Relation of Organs with each other — Self- Cleansing Features — Constitu-
tional Relations — Character of Agents in Contact with the Teeth — Mucous
Deposits — Acid Secretions — Parasites — Electro-Chemical Relations — Medi-
cines and Articles of Food — Accidental Influences 186

CHAPTER IX.

SURGICAL CONSIDERATION OF DENTAL CARIES.

Phenomenal Expressions of Caries — Principles of Treatment — Neutraliza-
tion of Adverse Oral Fluids and the Induction of a state of General
Health in the Mouth — Medical Treatment of the Teeth — Characteristics
of Saliva — Teeth of Sanguine and Allied Temperaments — Teeth having a
Blue Shade— Chalky Teeth— Pearly Teeth— Soft Dentine— Zinc Chloride
— Filing as a Prophylactic and Curative Agent — Vitrifaction — Inclined
Surfaces — Illustrations in Filing '. . .177

CHAPTER X.

DENTAL THERAPEUSIS.

Inertness of Gold as a Filling Material — Therapeutical Plugs — Recalcifica-
tion of Teeth — Oxychloride of Zinc — Gutta-Percha — Copper Dust — Oxide
of Tin — Electrical Disturbances — Parasiticides 187

CHAPTER XL

THE ORAL FLUIDS.

Saliva — Composition of; Characteristics of — Mucous Oral Detritus — Analy-
ses of Oral Fluids — Saliva unduly Alkaline — Healthy Saliva — Parotid
Secretion — Submaxillary Secretion — Accessory Parotid Secretion — Saliva



Digitized by



Google



CONTENTS, 5

PAOI

and Food Bolus — Saliva unduly Acid — To make Analyses of Saliva —
Abnormal Saliva — Accidental Substances found in Saliva — Carbolic Acid
and Saliva — Magitot's Experiments with Acids and Teeth — Sordes — Excess
of Ptyaline— The Acids of Fruits in Relation with Soft Teeth . . .190



CHAPTER XII.

ODONTALGIA.

Causes of Toothache — Sensitive Dentine — Exposure of Pulp — Disease of
Periodonteum — Pus and G^s in the Pulp-Cavity — Granules of Osteo-Den-
tine in a Pulp— Sympathetic Toothache — Recession and Absorption of
Oum and Alveolus 198

CHAPTER XIII.

PERIODONTITIS.

Synonymes — Acute Periodontitis — Chronic Periodontitis — Case of Ringed
Root — Treatment of Periodontitis 219

CHAPTER XIV.

ALVEOLO-DENTAL ABSCESS.

History and Meaning of — Local Features of — Prophylaxis of — Association
with Antrum — Illustration of — Anomalous Cases of — Rheumatism and
Gout, Associates of 226

CHAPTER XV.

THE PULP-CHAMBER AND CANALS.

Death of Pulp — Removal of, from Cavity — Nerve Extractors — Preparing
Cavi{y for Filling — Test Plugs — Filling over Exposed Pulp— Devitalized
Dentine — Pulp Cappings — Materials used for 289

CHAPTER XVI.

DISCOLORED TEETH.

Causes of— Treatment of Pulp-Chamber — Bleaching — Whitening — Blood
Coloring 248

CHAPTER XVII.

REPLANTATION AND TRANSPLANTATION OP TEETH.

Hunter's Experiments — Replantation — Mistakes in Extraction — ^Treatment
in Replantation — Transplantation : Danger of Disease from ; Lack of
Correspondence between Tooth and Socket ; Brutes' Teeth and Human
Jaws ; Illustrations from Practice ; Danger from Tetanus — Illustration in
Fixation 261



Digitized



by Google



6 CONTENTS,

CHAPTER XVIII.

SALIVABY CALCULUS.

PAGE

Analysis of Saliva — Analysis of Calculus — Common Positions of Tartar —
Anomalies — Illustration — Treatment of Calculus 268

CHAPTER XIX.

DENUDATION OF DENTINE.

Obscurity of Cause — Prophylaxis — Treatment of the Condition — Abrasion
of Cutting Faces of Teeth— Treatment of 266

CHAPTER XX.

OPERATIVE DENTISTRY.
INSTRUMENTS U8KD IN PBEPABATION OF CAVITIES.

Typical Dentures — Expression of Cavities — Excavators — Drills — Dental En-
gines — Chisels — Piles — Corundum Disks— Drop Tubes — Chip-Blower —
Water-Syringes — Exposing Existence of Cavities 268

CHAPTER XXI.

OPERATIVE DENTISTRY.
EXCAVATION AND PREPARATION OP CAVITIES FOR FILLING.

Cavities — Simple Crown — On Posterior Face of Incisors — On Anterior Face
of Incisors — In the midst of Imperfect Enamel — On Approximal Surfaces
— Complications in Cavity Relations 282

CHAPTER XXII.

OPERATIVE DENTISTRY.
RELATIONS OF MOISTURE.

Relation of Moisture to Filling— Napkins — Compressors — Saliva-Pump —
Rubber Dam— Hot Air — Clamps — Medicinal Means 298

CHAPTER XXIII.

OPERATIVE DENTISTRY.
MATERIALS USED IN FILLING TEETH.

Amalgam: Submarine; Usual; Contour; Front Tooth; Instruments for
Working; Illustrations in Practice ; Chemistry of— Gutta-Percha : Vari-
ous Preparations of; Compatibility with Tooth Bone; Brittleness and
Porosity in Specimens ; Stickiness as a Characteristic ; Combinations with
— Hill's Stopping — Instruments for Working Gutta-Percha — Manner of
Use — The Oxychlorides : Recipe for; Characteristics of ; Different Uses of
— Zinc Phosphates : Various Preparations of^Tin — Plastic Tin — Tin Foil
— Gold: Soft; Cohesive; Varieties as to Preparation; Sheets; Mats;
Pellets; Cylinders; Blocks; Ribbons; Twists 808



Digitized by



Google



CONTENTS. • 7

CHAPTER XXIV.

OPERATIVE DENTISTRY.
FILLING TEKTH.

PAOS

Filling with Non-Cohesive Gold : Use of Cylinders ; Employment of Mate ;
Bibbons and Twists in Pilling ; Foil Carrier ; Pluggers used with Non-
Cohesive €k>ld; Studies in use of Non-Cohesive Gk>ld; Matrices; The
Loop; Jack's — Cohesive Gold: Requirements for Working; Light and
Heavy Foils; Annealing — Pluggers: Atkinson's; Butler's; Smith's;
Abbot's — Practitioners' Bequirements in way of Instruments — Students'
Instrument Case — Plugging Mallets — Illustrations in Practice — Contour
Operations — Electric Mallets — Automatic Mallets — Finishing Plugs —
Files — Burs — Burnishers — Porte Polishers — Wood and Corundum Points
— Operating-Chairs — Office Conveniences 820



CHAPTER XXV.

OPERATIVE DENTISTRY.
ARTIFICIAL CROWNS.

Bepair of Teeth by Substitution — Cap Crowns — Talbot's Operation — Bing's
Partial Crown— Simple Pivoting — Instruments used for — Dennet's Plan
of Pivoting— Bon will's— Marshall Webb's— M. H. Cryer's— Flagg's—
Crown Grafting — Ferruling —Porcelain Facing — Bambo's Operation —
Plastic Facing — Dental Catalogues 860

CHAPTER XXVL

OPERATIVE DENTISTRY.
IRREGULARITIES OF THE TEETH — ORTHODONTIA.

Irregular Belation of Teeth to Arch — Temperament and Dyscrasia in Patient
— Age as related with Correction — Character of Alveolar Process — Com-
plexity signifying lack of Skill — Illustrative Cases in Orthodontia —
White's Correcting Apparatus — Coffin's System — Transverse Bars — Rub-
ber Loop — Traction by Ligatures — Capping Teeth — Jaw Bamus at vary-
ing Ages — Occipi to-Mental Sling — Catalan's Inclined Plane — Use of
Wedges — Bedman's Bubber Cap— Double Jack-Sere ws — Slit Plates — Par-
rar's Positive System 866

CHAPTER XXVIL

OPERATIVE DENTISTRY.
EXTRACTION OF TEETH.

Indications for Extraction — Illustration of Classes of Teeth — Extraction of
Teeth of the First Class— Of Second Class— Of Third Class— Of Fourth
Class — Of Fifth Class — Of Sixth Class — Instruments used for Extraction :
Forceps ; Elevators ; Scissors ; Screws — Deformed or Anomalous Teeth. 884



Digitized by



Google



8 CONTENTS,

CHAPTER XXVIII.

OPERATIVB DENTISTRY.
QBNERAL REMARKS ON SXTRACTION.

PAOI

Relation of Teeth with Jaws — Alveolus and Alveoli — Three-Rooted Teeth —
Two-Rooted Teeth — Single-Rooted Teeth — Alveolo-Dental Membrane —
Fractures of Alveolar Process — Laceration of Gum — Hemorrhage — Luxa-
tion of Jaw — Use of Local Anaesthetics 407

CHAPTER XXIX.

PROSTHETIC DENTISTRT.

Mechanical Dentistry — Preparation of Mouth — Taking Impressions — Mate-
rials used for: Wax; Plaster of Paris; Gutta-Percha ; Modelling Com-
pound — Trays used — The Model — The Denture — Partial Denture^Articu-
lation — Arrangement of Teeth to Plate — Articulating Instruments —
Studies in Grinding and Setting of Teeth — Oral Esthetics . . . 415

CHAPTER XXX.

PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY.
THE MATERIALS VULCANITE AND CELLULOID.

Vulcanite: Composition of; Definition of Vulcanizing ; Dental Plates as an
Example ; Apparatus used in Vulcanizing ; Kinds of Vulcanite ; Effects
upon Mucous Face of Mouth — Celluloid: Composition of ; Characteristics
of; Use of in Dentistry; Instruments and Apparatus used in Celluloid
Work — Continuous Gum — Repairing Breaks — Illustrations in Practice . 481

CHAPTER XXXL

PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY.
OBTURATORS.

Definition of Term — Palatine Defects — Impressions of Breaks — Making Casts
— Defects in Hard Palate — Defects in Velum — Artificial Nose — Steam's,
Kingsley's, Suersen's, Booth's, and Baker's Vela — Masks .... 442

CHAPTER XXXII.

THE GUMS AND THEIR DISEASES.

Anatomy of— Ulitis — Accumulations of Tartar — Parulus — The Mercurial
Impression — Scurvy — Syphilis — Dead or Loose Teeth — Crowded Dental
Arch — Use of Improper Dentifrices and Brushes — Improperly inserted
Artificial Teeth — Malignant Impressions — Anomalous Conditions — The
Lead Line — Proliferating Gingivitis of Pregnant Women — Gum infiamed
by Vulcanite — Congenital Union of Gums — Stomatitis and Pharyngitis
Leucsemica — Osteo-Gingivitis Gangraenosa Neonatorum — Accidental Gin-
givitis — Gkingrene of Gums — Oidium Albicans — Calcified Dentinal Tu-
bules . . ' 475



Digitized by



Google



CONTENTS. 9

CHAPTER XXXIII.

THE APHTHJB.

PAOS

Definition of Term — Variety in Character of Patches — Typical Case — Canker
— Thrush — Follicular Inflammation — Cancrum Oris — Gangraena Oris —
Oidium Albicans— Parasitic Fungi— Views of Different Writers . . 495



CHAPTER XXXIV.

WOUNDS OP THE MOUTH AND ASSOCIATE PARTS.

Distinctions in Wounds — Complications — Indications — Foreign Particles —
Hemorrhage — Torsion — Acupressure — Knotted Bandage — Astringents —
Shock — Idiosyncrasies — Anodynes — Virus — Healing Wounds — Compli-
cated Wounds — Burns and Scalds — Skin-Grafting — Illustrations from
Practice 612

CHAPTER XXXV.

THE TONSIL GLANDS.

Anatomy of Glands — Illustrative Section — Angina Tonsillaris — Treatment
of Herpes of Gland — Hypertrophy — Illustration — Treatment of Hyper-
trophy by London Paste — Tonsillotomes — Specific Disease of Tonsils —
Medicinal Agents — Cystic Disease — Strumous Abscess — The Trachea —
Tracheotomy— Laryngotomy 684

CHAPTER XXXVI.

THE TONGUE AND ITS DISEASES.

The Tongue as an Index to Disease^Meanings associated with Changes
in Form, Color, and Appearance — Localization of Diseased Action — Inju-
ries — Specific Conditions — Scirrhoma — Epithelioma — Tobacco Tongue —
White Tongue — Tubercle^Cystoma — Acute Glossitis — Illustrations —
Lingual Neuralgia — EfiTusions — Erysipelas — Bites of Insects — Erectile and
Fatty Tumors — Metastatic Disease — Hypertrophy — Atrophy — Papilloma
— Venous and Cartilaginous Tumors — Immobile Tongue^Operations prac-
tised upon the Tongue — Strangulation — ^raseur — Operations: Regnoli's,
Syme's, Nunneley's, Paget's — Tongue-Ti6 — Swallowing the Tongue —
Operations for Tongue-Tie — Speech after removal of Tongue . . . 549

CHAPTER XXXVII.

THE UYULA AND ITS DISEASES.

Surgical Anatomy of Uvula — Enlargement of Organ — Neoplasms — Fatty
Growths of— Operation for Excision of— Serous Effusions in — Fibromata
and Cysts of— Restrictions as to Ablation of^Hemorrhage after Ablation
of 687



Digitized by



Google



10 CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XXXVIII.

DISEASES OF THE FLOOR OF THE MOUTH.

PAOS

Anatomy of Part — Kanula: Varieties of; Treatment of — Lipoma — Enlarge-
ment of Sublingual Gland — Encysted Calculi — Cystomata — Epitbeliomata
— Venous Aneurism 690

CHAPTER XXXIX.

HTGROMATA OF THE NECK.

Bursse of Front of Neck — Ranula — Illustration in Complicated Kanula —
Fistula in Association with Hygromata — Illustration of Deep-Seated
Ranula 597

CHAPTER XL.

DISEASES OF THE PHARYNX.

Anatomy of Pharynx — Illustrations of Acute Pharyngitis — Pharyngitis
Sicca — Effusions— Post-Pharyngeal Abscess — Specific Conditions — Tuber-
cles — Wounds— Stricture^Imperforate Pharynx — Neoplasms — Polypi —
Uvula — (Esophagus Forceps — Bristle Probangs — Foreign Bodies in Phar-
ynx and (Esophagus — (Esophageal Bougies — Naso-Pharyngoscopy — Elec-
tric Illuminator — Trouvd's Polyscope^Margetson's Lamp^^tudy of
Posterior Nares 602

CHAPTER XLL

PALATINE DEFECTS, AND THEIR TREATMENT BY OPERATION.

Cleft Palate — Fissure of Hard Parts — Pressure in the Treatment of Cleft
Palate — Uranoplasty — Staphyloraphy — Preparation of Patients for Opera-
tion — Surgical Anatomy of Soft Palate— Muscles of Soft Palate — Stages
of Staphyloraphy — Roux's 0])eration — Warren's Operation — Fergusson's
Operation — Author's Operation — Illustration of Operation — Curved
Needles — Holes in the Palate — Screw Levers 613

CHAPTER XLIL

THE NOSE AND ITS DISEASES.

Anatomy of Internal Nose — Anatomical Illustrations — Simple Nasal Catarrh
— Hemorrhage— Ulcers — Polypi — Strumous Abscess — Ozssna — Neoplasm
— Belloc's Canula — Kolbe's Powder InsuflSator — Areling-Hodge Polyp-
trite — Gooch's Canula — Torsion Forceps — Polypus Forceps — Frog-Face —
Nasal Speculum — Anterior Rhinoscopy — Hypertrophy of Nasal Mucous
Membrane — Deviation of Septum — Syphilitic Coryza — Gonorrhoea of
Nares — Tobold's Illuminating Apparatus — Chancre of Nose — Imperforate
Nostril — Foreign Bodies in Associate Sinuses — Tumors of External Nose
— Fractures — Fracture Splints — Loss of Substance — Studies in Rhinoplasty
— Illustrations in Nose Surgery — Adams's Septum Forceps — Screw Plates
for holding Forceps straight — Nasal Douche — Naso-Pharyngeal Syringe . 681



Digitized by



Google



CONTENTS. 11

CHAPTER XLIII.

DISEASES OF THE FACE.

PAOB

Immediate Diseases — Mediate Diseases — Callositas — Cornu Cutaneum —
Lichen Pilaris — Vitiligo — Naevus Pigmentosus — Lentigo — Chloasma —
Nbbvus Pilosus — Scleroderma — Dermatolysis — Unilateral Atrophy — Ele-
phantiasis — Morphoea — Pramboesia — Verruca — Ichthyosis — Seborrhoea —
Milium — Molluscum Sebaceum — Sebaceous Tumors — Hyperidrosis —
Chromidrosis — Anidrosis — Sudamina — Keloid — Molluscum Fibrosum —
Xanthoma — Khino-Scleroma — Neevus Vasculosus — Arterial Tumor — Ve-
nous Tumor — Illustrations of Nsevi — Capillary NaBvi — Maculae — Port-
Wine Stain — Strangulations of Nsevi — Compression of Neevi — Injections
in NsBvi — Setonin Nsevi — Electrolysis in N«vi — Scrofuloderma — Syphilo-
derma — Parasites — Tinea Sycosis — Tinea Circinata — Horn growing from
Nose and Face — Laminae of Horn 667

CHAPTER XLIV.

LUPUS.

Lupus Erythematosus — Lupus Vulgaris — Illustrations 698

CHAPTER XLV.

EPITHELIOMA.

Definition of Term — Benign Epithelioma — Cancerous Epithelioma — Illus-
trations of Disease — ^Treatment of by Medicinal Means — Treatment of by
Plastic Operations — Illustrations in Plastic Surgery — Illustration in
Microscopy . . • 697

CHAPTER XLVL

OPEEATIONS UPON THE LIPS AND CHEEK.

Hare-Lip — Definition of— Time of Life suited to Operation for — Condition
of Patient — Mode of Operating — V-paring — Atlee's Suture — McLeon But-
ton — Malgaigne's Operation — Levis's — Studies in Simple Hare-Lip —
Studies in Complicated Hare-Lip — Illustrations — Figure-of-8 Suture .711

CHAPTER XLVII.

OPERATIONS UPON THE LIPS AND CHEEK.

Study of Plate VI.— Dieffenbach's Operation— Mouth-Stretching— Cheilo-
plasty — Study of Plate VII. — Restoration of Lip: Chopart's Operation,
Horn's, Dupuytren's, Serres's, Roux's, Morgan's, Blasius's, Dieffenbach's,
Liston's, Mutter's, Author's, Leidillot's — Treatment of Burns . . . 726

CHAPTER XLVIII.

YASOULAR SYSTEM OP EXTERNAL AND DEEP FACIAL REGIONS.

Arteries of the Face — Arrestation of Hemorrhage — Ligation of Facial