Oliver Cromwell online

145 ; Charles I, cause of, sup-
ported by, 92, 247; ordinance for
impeachment of, rejected by, 262 ;
Commons supported by (1640),
73; in disagreement with, 92,
247, 262 ; insignificance of, in
1647, 197; rioters' attack on, 217;
royalism of, 92, 247, 262 ; Straf-
ford, attitude toward, 79-80

Ludlow, Edmund, comment on the
Drogheda massacre, 290-1 ; com-
plaints to Cromwell, 324 ; disso-
lution of Rump Parliament de-
scribed by, 334-6; Cromwell's
overtures to, 457; otherwise
mentioned, 198, 266, 321



Lynn, Elizabeth (wife of Robert
Cromwell), 10



Magna Charta, Cromwell's mock at,
387

Major-Generals, scope of work of,
388-9 ; failure of, 401 ; parlia-
mentary decision against, 404-5

Manchesier, Earl of, attacked by
Cromwell, 164-6; resignation of,
173; temperament of, 131, 163;
otiierwise mentioned, 15, 121,

135.

Manning, Cromwell informed of
royalist doings by, 385-6

Mardyke, 444

Marston Moor, battle of, 136-143;
moral effect of victory, 154-5 ;
compared with Bunker Hill, 168;
with Naseby, 182-3; royalist
rendezvous near site of, 383

Mary of Guise, 25

Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, 25, 85

Mary Tudor, Queen of England, 42

Mayor, Richard, extract from Crom-
well's letter to, 51

Mazarm, Richelieu succeeded by,
130 ; Scottish intrigues with, 203' ;
correspondence with Cromwell
regarding toleration for Catho-
Hcs, 203, 412; at Dunkirk, 459;
idea of, in ceding Dunkirk, 460;
character and policy of, 439-43

Mediterranean, English fleet in, 321,
438

Militia Bill (1641), loi

Milton, John —

Areopagitica published by, 159;
Church and State, separation of,
advocated by, 366; Cromwell
contrasted with, 12; advised by,
356-7 ; national sentiment of,
255; secretaryship of the Coun-
cil of State held by, 356, 390;
toleration advocated by, 45, 159-
161; cited — on state of London
in 1644, 147 ; on national free-
dom, 221 ; on toil of construc-
tive policy, 318; on popular
sentiment for Charles I, 351;
otherwise mentioned, 56, 73, 273,

333. 414, 472
Mommsen, Sulla compared to Crom-
well by, 364



INDEX



483



Monk, General George, 321, 323,
344. 431

Montrose, Marquis of, 146, 187,
205

Mozley, J. B., estimate of Crom-
well, 253

Napoleon, numbers under, 136

Naseby, battle of, 176-86; Irish
camp-followers slain after, 184,
286; moral effects of victory, 222

Navarre, Henry of, 25, 30, 203

Navigation Act (1651), 322, 447-8

Navy. See Fleet

Nayler, James, case of, 403-4

Newark, royalist stronghold at, 124

Newburn, 69

Newbury, 130, 135, 164

Newcastle, royalist port at, 134;
nineteen propositions of, 201

Newcastle, Earl of, at Gainsbor-
ough, 125 ; besieged in York,
136; at Marston Moor, 137-8,
141 ; character of, 133

New England, Puritan exodus 10,39

Newman, on Eaud, 36

New Model. See under Army

Newport treaty, terms of, 248-50;
Cromwell's view of, 258

O'Byrnes, treatment of, 96

Okey, John, social position of, 171 ;
at Naseby, 181; suspected 01
designs on Cromwell, 408

O'Neil, Sir Phelim, 98

O'Neill, Owen Roe, 283

Ormonde, Earl of, Charles's instruc-
tions to, 250-1 ; character and
policy of, 283-4

Other House, the, 480-1

Overton, Richard, imprisonment of,
386

Owen, Dr. John, ecclesiastical
scheme of, adopted by Crom-
well, 368

Oxenstierna, Whitelocke's inter-
view with, concerning Cromwell,
372

Oxford —

Charles I's escape from, 195 ;
Essex unsuccessful at, 134; sur-
render of, 196; treaty of (1643),
200 ; university men in Long
Parliament, 72



Packe, Sir Christopher, proposals

of, 415-16
Paris, treaty of, 443
Parliament —

Long, Short, etc. See those titles ;
purges of (1647), 216; Pride's.
259-60, 329; (1654), 332, 376-7;
(1656), 329, 399
Peers. See Lords
Pembroke Castle, Cromwell's cap-
ture of, 242
Penruddock's rising, 384
Perth, Cromwell's advance to, 313
Peters, Hugh, 191, 461
Petition of Right, 16
Philip IV of Spain, 439
Philiphaugh, 187

Piedmontese, massacre of, 298, 441
Portugal, Cromwell's treaty with,
^435
Prelacy. See Anglican Church —

Episcopacy
Press, censorship of, under parlia-
mentarians, 282; under Protec-
torate, 390
Presbyterianism —

Charles I's dislike of, 20I ; Eng-
land, introduced into, 155-6
kirk sessions, powers of, 57
London, strong in, 279, 369
Montrose's dislike of, I46-7
party aspect of, 161, 324
Presbyterians —

Exasperation of (1649), 279 ;
Fairfax's position a satisfaction
to, 302 ; Independents opposed
to, 153-4, 161, 198, 201, 204,366;
contrasted with, 212; toleration
opposed by, 158, 247-8, 300, 369
Preston, battles of, 244-5
Pride, Col., social position of, 171 ;
Pride's Purge, 259-60, 329 ; peti-
tion of, against Cromwell's ac-
ceptance of kingship, 422
Propagation of religion, Cromwell's

eagerness for, 366-7, 429, 450
Protesters, 312
Prynne, William, 61-2, 286
Public opinion, Cromwell's atti-
tude toward, 468
Punishments, barbarity of, 61-2, 96
Purges of Parliament. See under

Parliament
Puritanism (see also Anabaptism
and Independents) —



484



INDEX



Aims of, 47-8; austerity of, un-
popular 238, 390; exodus of Puri-
tans to New England, 39; intol-
erance and violence of, 146, 159,
162, 169, 403 ; Irish troubles ag-
gravated by, 95-6 ; legislative in-
capacity of, 349 ; national cove-
nant the center of, 65 ; Presbyte-
rianism contrasted with, 129 ;
Protestant left wing, 44; rise of,
55-6; strength of, 176; vague-
ness in ideas of, 209
Pym, John, claims of, 23 ; leader of
parliamentary party, 67, 88, 92 ;
Strafford impeached by, 79;
Strafford's attainder opposed by,
8^; bill for excluding bishops
from parliament supported by,
93; Charles's overtures to, 102;
Charles's impeachment of, 103 ;
Scottish treaty concluded by,
127-9; death of, 131; character-
istics and ability of, 39-41, 67,
105-6 ; otherwise mentioned, 16,
63, 86, 105, 122, 362



Quakers, persecutions of, under the
Protectorate, 409-11



Rainborough, Thomas, arguments

with, 227, 230-1
Ranke, cited, 31 1, 321, 343, 442
Rationalism, toleration sprung from,

414,471
Remonstrants, 312
Resolutioners, 312
Retz, de, cited, 219, 339, 415
Rich, Robert, married lo Lady

Frances Cromwell, 429 ; death of,

462
Richelieu, Strafford compared with,

34 ; Scotland promised aid by, 65 ;

Mazarin the successor of, 130;

treaty of Westphalia due to, 439
Rinuccini, papal nuncio in Ireland,

283-4
Rogers, John, Cromwell's inter-
view with, 41 1
" Root-and-Branch " policy, 63, 89-

90, 93
Round way Down, 134
Rump Parliament, unpopularity of,

328, constitutional plans of, 330;



dissolution of, 334-7 ; estimate
of transaction, 337-41
Rupert, Prince, in York and after,
136, 163 ; at Marston Moor, 137-
140, 143; at Naseby, 180, 183;
Charles's letter to, 188-9; es-
cape of, from Bristol, 188-9;
naval operations of, 280 ; tem-
perament and ability of, 107, 127

Saint Domingo, failure of expedi-
tion to, 438
St. Ives, Cromwell's removal to, 17
St. John, Oliver, 20, 23, 82, 326-7,

344

Salisbury, royalist rising at, 384

Scotland —

Charles I's religious policy in,
64-5; visit to, 87; Charles' IPs
arrival in, 301 ; Cromwell's ajipeal
to the General Assembly, 302-3 ;
England's ignorance of affairs in,
65 ; parliamentary support of,
67 ; danger to England appre-
hended from, 200; hostility of,
to England (1649-50), 282-3,
300-1 ; incorporation of, with
England originated by Long
Parliament, 344, 365; representa-
tion of, in English parliament,
344 ; influenceof representatives,
405 ; kirk sessions, powers of,
57; Knox's influence in, 55;
Mazarin's dealings with, 203;
National Covenant, inauguration
of, 64-5 ; Pym's treaty with, 127-9,
148; Richelieu's dealings with,
65 ; Shorter Catechism's effect
on, 151 ; Strafford's unpopular-
ity in, 81

Scots —

Advance of, to Durham, 69;
over the border (1644), 136;
sufferings in north of England
under, 169; Charles I, enthu-
siasm for, 187; his surrender to,
196 ; his abandonment by, 207-8 ;
his secret treaty with, 236 ; his
cause favored by, 241 ; Charles
II, negotiations with, in Hol-
land, 301 ; march south with,
314; Committee of Both King-
doms, represented on, 237 ;
Cromwell's unpopularity with
Scotch commissioners, 166-7,



INDEX



485



campaign of 1650, 300-15 ; Eng-
lish contrasted with, 219; Ire-
land, in, 99

Sealed Knot, the, 382-3

vSeekers, 210

Selby, 136

Selden, John, 16, 23, 67, 72, 83,
148

Self-denying Ordinance, 174-5, 197;
second, 174

Sexby, Cromwell's assassination
plotted by, 407

Ship-money, opposition to, 62, 68;
abolition of, 85

Short Parliament, 66-8

Sidney, Algernon, 198, 267

Sindercombe, Miles, Cromwell's as-
sassination plotted by, 407

Skippon, Philip, 179, 180-1, 213

Slingsby, Sir Henry, case of, 455

Solemn League and Covenant, 128-
129, 148

Southworth, John, fate of, 413

Spain —

Commonwealth recognized by,
321 ; Cromwell's assurances to,
438; alleged negotiations with,
446; hostility of, to England
(1656"), 4:;8; war with, 442

Star Chamber, illegalities of, 61 ;
abolition of, 85

Steward, Elizabeth, wife of Robert
Cromwell, 10

Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl
of, popular party supported by,
16; rule and policy of, in Ire-
land, 20, 32-3, 61, 95; court
partly supported by, 31; recall
of, from Ireland, 70; impeach-
ment and death of, 77-84 ; char-
acter and aims of, 31-5; Crom-
well compared with, 294-5, 298,
359; otherwise mentioned, 337,

393

Stratton, 134

Strode, Charles's impeachment of,
103

Sweden —

Cromwell's treaty with, 435 ;
quarrels of, 445 ; Queen Chris-
tina of, on Cromwell, 372-3

Swift, cited, 423, 429*

Tadcaster, 134

Taylor, Jeremy, 38, 412



Thirty Years' War, religious ele-
ment in, 43-4; numbers of troops
engaged in, 136

" Thorough," policy of, 63

Thurloe, John, correspondence of,
with Henry Cromwell, 379, 393-
394, 405 ; vigilance of, 385, 397
hostility of, to Quakers, 410
Cromwell's relations with, 431
financial straits of, 455, 461 :
cited, 384, 389, 427-8, 455 ; other
wise mentioned, 386, 432-3, 446

Toleration —

Catholicism excluded from, 160,
362, 367, 412; Cromwell's ad-
herence to, 122, 159, 186, 189,
198, 347; Instrument of Govern-
ment's adoption of, 362, 367;
Milton's view of, 45, 159-61 ;
parliamentary attitude toward,
158, 402 ; prelacy excluded from,
362, 369 ; Presbyterian attitude
toward, 158, 247-8, 300, 369

Toleration Act, 471

Triers and ejectors, 368

Turenne, Cromwell's veterans
praised by, 444 ; commanding at
Dunkirk, 459



Ulster rebellion, alleged connec-
tion of, with Drogheda massacre,
291

Usher, archbishop of Armagh, 83,
90

Uxbridge, treaty of (1644-5^ 200



Wane, Sir Henry, abolition of
episcopacy proposed by, 145 ;
Charles's trial disapproved by,
267; maritime policy of, 321,
323 ; constitutional scheme of,
331-3 ; withstands Cromwell at
dissolution of Rump Parliament,
335 ; Scottish policy of, 344 ;
Healing Question published by,
397; imprisonment of, 397;
Cromwell's overtures to, 457;
energy and capacity of, 338 ;
otherwise mentioned, 72, 394

Vaudois, case of the, 298, 441-2

Venner, plot of, 408

Vowel, Cromwell's assassination
plotted by, 382



486



INDEX



Wales, Cromwell's operations in,
242

Walker, Clement, on Irish policy
of Independents, 294

Waller, Sir William, letter of, to
Hopton, 1 10 ; defeat of, 134 ; res-
ignation of, 173; Cromwell de-
scribed by, 164

Walton's polyglot Bible, Cromwell's
interest in, 429

Ward, Dr. Samuel, Cromwell under,
at Cambridge, 11

Washington, George, Cromwell
compared with, 167-8, 465

Weingarten, cited, 351, 412

Wentworth, Sir Peter, Cromwell
rebuked by, at dissolution of
Kump Parliament, 335; suit of,
against tax-collector, 387

Wentworth, Sir Thomas. See
Strafford

West Indies, English aggression in,
436-8, 442

Westminster, treaty of, 443

Westminster Assembly, the, 144-

151

Westphalia, treaty of, 439

Wexford, sack of, 292

Whalley, Major, at Gainsborough,
126; at Naseby, 181 ; Cromwell's
letter to, regarding Charles I,
233 ; republican form of govern-
ment advocated by, 327; horse-
racing permitted by, 391 ; anxiety
of, on election prospects, 394;



admission of Jews advocated by,

413

Whitelocke, Bulstrode, hostilities
against Cromwell deprecated by,
167 ; monarchy advocated by,
326-7 ; Cromwell's conversation
with, on inefficiency of parlia-
ment, 327-8; conversation on
Cromwell at Swedish court, 372-
373 ; rigorous legislation against
Jesuits opposed by, 412 ; irregu-
lar courts disapproved by, 455 ;
cited, on Laud, 36 ; on Crom-
well's geniality, 432

Wildman, Major John, 226, 385

Wilkins, Bishop, on Cromwell's
view of episcopacy, 368

William III, Cromwell compared
with, 465

Williams, Bishop, 83-4

Williams, Richard (afterward Rich-
ard Cromwell), 9

Williams, Roger, 413

Winceby, Cromwell's success at,
126-7, 135-6

Winchester, fall of, 190

Windsor prayer-meetings, 239-40

Winstanley, Gerrard, cited, 282

Winwick, 244

Worcester, Cromwell's march to,
314-15; battle of, 315-17

Wright, Peter, fate of, 412-13

York, Duke of, 459



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