Fungoid pests of cultivated plants online

EXCHANGE




FUNGOID PESTS



OF



CULTIVATED PLANTS



BY



M. C. COOKE, M.A., LL.D., V.M.H., A.L.S.

;



Keprinted from the

journal of tbe IRogal Ibortfcultural

Vols. XXVII. XXIX.



nieb btr

SPOTTISWOODE & CO. LTD., NEW-STEEET SQUAKE, LONDON

1906

[All rights reserved]



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I



AGRJC.
LIBRARY



CONTENTS



PAGE

INTRODUCTION 1

PESTS OF FLOWEE GARDEN 9

RANUNCULACEOUS PLANTS a

t7

VIOLET AND PANSY 23

CARYOPHYLLACE^E 29

ROSES 42

COMPOSITE PLANTS ...... 50

PRIMROSES 53

SCROPHULARIACE^E g2

ENDOGENOUS FLOWERING PLANTS ....... 62

FERN DISEASES 7 g

PESTS OF GARDEN VEGETABLES 79

MUSHROOM PARASITES . 107

PESTS OF ORCHARD AND FRUIT GARDEN ..... 109

PESTS OF VINERY AND STOVE ..... 152

CONSERVATORY PARASITES ' 162

PESTS OF ORNAMENTAL SHRUBBERY .... 1 76

CORIACEOUS-LEAVED SHRUBS ..... 177

DECIDUOUS-LEAVED SHRUBS Igg

GYMNOSPERMS . . . . . ^gg

PESTS OF FOREST TREES ...... 199

PESTS OF FIELD CROPS 229

CEREALS AND GRASSES 229

DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS . . .. 943

FUNGICIDES ,

it)i

INDEX 257



340943



ILLUSTRATIONS.



PLATES.

I. PESTS FLOWEE GARDEN to face page 8

II. 24

III. ,,38

IV. - 52

V. ,,62

VI. 64

VII. GAEDEN VEGETABLES ,,68

VIII. 94

IX. 102

X. OECHAED, &c ,,118

XL 124

XII. ,,132

XIII. VINEEY ,,152

XIV. &c ,,156

XV. CONSEEVATOEY ,,166

XVI. OENAMENTAL SHEUBBEEY .... 176

XVII. . . 182

XVIII. . _ . . 190

XIX. FOEEST TEEES ...... 198

XX. 208

XXL 220

XXII. FIELD CEOPS ,,230

XXIII. ,,236

XXIV. ,,246

IN TEXT.

PAGE
FlG. 1. jEdDIOSPORE GERMINATING ...... 5

2. TELEUTOSPORE GERMINATING 6

3. SCLEROTINIA TUBEROSA, NATURAL SIZE ; ASCUS AND SPORIDIA X 400 . 15

4. OVULARIA CLEMATIDIS 20

5 (1) EOSE LEAF, BLOTCHED WITH THE MILDEW. (2) CHAINS OF CONIDIA.

(3) CONIDIUM GERMINATING 45

6.Endophyllum Sempervivi ATTACKING Sempervivum monticolum . . 47
7. Endophyllum Sempervivi 48



ILLUSTEATIONS.

PAGE

FIG. 8.- BOTRYTIS SPECIES 65

9. UROMYCES ERYTHRONII 68

10. BOTRYTIS GALANTHINA, A PARASITE ON SNOWDROPS . . . . 72

11. XYLARIA VAPORARIA 109

12. APPLE MILDEW (Sphcerotheca Mali) ....... 112

13. EUTYPELLA PRUNASTRI 114

14. EUTYPELLA PRUNASTRI, CAUSING A DISEASE OF NURSERY STOCK . . 116

15. SPH^ROPSIS MALORUM 118

16. PEAR-LEAF CLUSTER-CUP 121

17. TWIG OF CHERRY INFESTED WITH GNOMONIA ERYTHROSTOMA . . 129

18. BROWN EOT OF FRUIT (Manilla fructigena) 136

19. TREE-ROOT EOT (Armillaria mellea) . 141

20. FOMES FOMENTARIUS . 143

21. SPH^EROTHECA HUMULI . . . . _ . . . . . 151

22. ANTHRACNOSE OF THE VINE. 154

23. PROTOMYCES CONCOMITANS . . 171



Vll



EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

(The magnified portions are x 320 diameters, unless where otherwise stated.)

PLATES I. IX.
PESTS FLOWER GARDEN AND GARDEN VEGETABLES.

FIG. 1. Phyllosticta helleborella, Sacc. a, section of perithecium enlarged; 6,
sporules x

2. Septoria Hellebori, Thiim. a, section of perithecium enlarged ; 6,
sporules x

3. Coniothyrium Hellebori, C. & M. a, sporules x

4. Eamularia Hellebori, Fckl. a, threads and conidia x

5. Peronospora Ficarice, Tul. Hyphse and conidia x

6. Plasmopara pygmcea, Ung. Hyphee and conidia x

7. Urocystis Anemones, Pers. a, glomerules of spores x

8. jtEcidium punctatum, Pers. Two cluster- cups enlarged. a, ascidiospores x

9. Glceosporium Aquilegice, Thiim. a, conidia x
10. Ascochyta Aquilegice, Eoum. a, section of perithecium enlarged ; b,

sporules x
11. Phyllosticta Pceonice, S. & S. a, section of perithecium enlarged; b,

sporules x
12. Cronartium Pceonice, Cast. a, column enlarged ; b, sporules x ; c, sporules

germinating x

13. Cladosporium Pceonice, Pass. Hyphas and conidia x
14. Botrytis Pceonice, Oud. Clusters of conidia in situ x
15. Peronospora arborescens, Berk. Portion of thread with conidia x
16. Cercospora Resedas, Fckl. a, hyphse and conidia x
17. Phyllosticta Violce, Desm. a, section of perithecium enlarged ; 6,

sporules x

18. Septoria Violce, West. a, section of perithecium enlarged ; 6, sporules x
19. Urocystis Violce, Fisch. a, glomerule of spores x
20. Puccinia Violce, Schum. a, uredospores ; b, teleutospores x
21. JEcidium Violce, Schum. a, cluster-cups ; b, acidiospores x
22. Puccinia cegra, Grove. a, secidiospores ; b, uredospores ; c, teleutospores x
23. Ramularia lactea, Desm. a, threads and conidia x
24. Peronospora Violce, DBy. Hypha with conidia x
25. Alternaria Violce, Gall. a, conidia ; b, germinating x
26. Cercospora Violce, S. a, hyphee and conidia x
27. Phyllosticta Dianthi, West. a, section of perithecium enlarged ; b,

sporules x

28. Ascochyta Dianthi, A. & S. With sporules x
29. Septoria Lychnidis, Desm. With sporules x
30. Peronospora parasitica, Pers. Hypha with conidia x
31. Septoria Sinarum, Speg. a, section of perithecium enlarged ; b, sporules x
32.Marsonia Delastrei, De Lacr. b, conidia x
33. Ustilago violacea, Pers. a, anther ; b, spores x
34. Sorosporium Saponarice, Eud. a, glomerule of spores x
35. Puccinia Dianthi, DC. a, uredospores ; b, teleutospores x
36. Puccinia Silenes, Schr. a, uredospores ; b, teleutospores x
37. Uromyces Dianthi, Nssl. a, uredospores ; b, teleutospores x
38. Macrosporium nobile, Vize. a, conidium x
39. Heterosporium echinulatum, Berk. a, threads with conidia x
40. Bacterium Dianthi, Ar. & B. a, sporules x 2,000
41. Phyllosticta destructiva, Desm. a, section of perithecium enlarged ; b,

sporules x

42. Puccinia Malvacearum, Corda. a, teleutospores x
43. Colletotrichum Althcece, South. a, conidia x

44. Melampsora Hypericorum, DC. a, uredospores ; b, teleutospores x
45. Fusarium Pelargonii, Cooke. a, conidia x
46. Glceosporium Pelargonii, C. & M. a, conidia x

47. Uredo Tropceoli, Desm a, uredospores x

48. Uromyces Anthyllidis, Grev. a, uredospores ; b, teleutospores x
49. Septoria Rosarum, West. With sporules x
5Q.Actinonema Rosce, Lib. With sporules x



Vlll EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

FIG. 51. Phragmidium subcorticium, Schr. a, uredospores ; b, teleutospore x
52. Peronospora sparsa, Berk. Portion of thread with conidia x
53. Botryospliaria diplodia, Moug. With asci and sporidia x
54. Spliarotheca pannosa, Lev. a, conidia; 6, conceptacle ; c, ascus and

sporidia x

55. Septoria (Enotherce, West. With sporules x
56. Phyllosticta Lonicera, West. - a, section of perithecium enlarged ; b,

sporules x

57. Lasiobotrys Lonicera, Kunze. With asci and sporidia x
58. Oidium Chrysanthemi,Ra.bh.a, conidia x
59. Uredo Chrysanthemi, Arth. a, uredospores x

60. Puccinia Centaurea, DC. a, pustale on stem enlarged ; b, uredospores x
61. Coleosporium Senecionis, Pers. a, uredospores x

62. Phoma devastatrix, B. & Br a, receptacle enlarged ; b, sporules x

63. Puccinia Gentiana, Strauss. a, uredospores ; b, teleutospores x

64. Phyllosticta primulacola, Desm. a, section of perithecium enlarged and

sporules x
65 Ascochyta Primula, Trail. With section of perithecium enlarged ; and a,

sporules x
68. Septoria Primula, Buck. With section of perithecium enlarged ; a,

sporules x

67. Ovularia inter stitialis, Cooke. Threads with conidia x
68 Eamularia Primula, Thum. a, threads with conidia x
69. Uromyces Primulce, DC. With teleutospores x
70. Puccinia Primula, DC. - a, uredospores ; b, teleutospores x
70*. Peronospora Candida, Fckl. Besting spore x
1\. Heterosporium Auricula, Cooke. a, threads with conidia x
72. Puccinia Vinca, Berk. a, uredospores ; b, teleutospore ; c, secidiospore

germinating x

73. Marsonia Ipomcea, C. & M. a, conidia x
74. Oidium erumpens, C. & M. a, tuft enlarged ; 6, conidia x
75. Urocystis primulicola, Magn. a, glomerules x
76. Ramularia Petunia, Cooke. a, threads with conidia x
77. Septoria Lavandula, Desm. a, section of perithecium enlarged ; b,

sporules x
78. Peronospora Hyoscyami, DBy. Portion of thread with conidia x ; a,

conidium germinating x
79. Uredo filicum, Desm. a, uredospores x
80. Botrytis elliptica, Berk. Portion of thread with conidia x
81. ^Ecidium Convallaria, Schum. a, cecidiospores x
82 Rhizopus necans, Mass. Tuft x 5

83. Uromyces Ornithogali, Wallr. a, pustules enlarged ; b, teleutospores x
84. Puccinia Liliacearum, Duby. a, teleutospores x
85. Heterosporium OrnitJiogali, Klot. a, threads with conidia x
86. Uromyces Scillarum, Grev. a, teleutospores x
87. Septoria brunneola, Fries a, sporules x
88 Botrytis galanthina, B. & Br. Apex of thread with conidia x
89. Puccinia Schroeteri, Pass. a, teleutospores x

90. Heterosporium gracile, Wallr a, threads with conidia x

91. Puccinia Iridis, DC. a, uredospores ; b, teleutospores x

92. Mystrosporium adustum, Mass. Conidia x

93. Uromyces Colchici, Mass. a, teleutospores x

94. Urocystis Colchici, Schl. a, glomerules x

94*. Urocystis Gladioli, Smith. Glomerule with spore x

95. Phyllosticta Brassica, Curr. a, section ; c, sporules x

96. Glo2osporium concentricum, Grev. a, sporules x

97. Cercospora Bloxami, Berk.

98. Cystopus candidus, Pers. ; a, conidia ; b, resting spore x

99. Pythium DeBaryanum, Hess. a, formation of resting spore ; b, resting

spore x

IQQ.Spharella brassicacola, Duby. a, asci ; b, sporidia x
lOl.Plasmodiophora Brassica, Wor. Cell with sporules ; a, zoospore x
102. Oidium Balsamii, Mont. conidia x
103. Phyllosticta Armor acia, Cke. a, sporules x
104. Ascochyta Armoracics, Fckl. a, sporules x
105. Ramularia Armoracice, Fckl. a, hyphae and conidia x
106. Uromyces Faba, Pers. a, uredospores ; b, teleutospores x
107. Uromyces appendiculatus, or U. Phaseoli. - a, uredospores; b, teleuto-
spores x



EXPLANATION OF PLATES. IX

FIG. 108. Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum, Sacc. a, section of pustule b, conidia x
109. Ascochyta Pisi, Lib. With sporules x
110. Uromyces Pisi, Pers. a, uredospores ; b, teleutospores x
Ul.Erysiphe Martii, Lev. a, conceptacle with appendages, enlarged.
112. Septoria Petroselini, Desm. With sporules x
113. Puccinia Apii, Corda. a, uredospores ; b, teleutospores x
114. Plasmopara nivea, Ung. a, threads with conidia ; b, tip of thread with

conidia x
I15.Bremia LactiLca, Regel. a, threads with conidia; 6, tip of thread with

conidia x

116. Fusarium Solani, Mart. Threads with conidia x
HS.Phytophthora infestans, DBy. Threads with conidium ; a, ripe conidium

separating ; b, zoospores x
119. Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum, Mass. , sclerotia ; b, cups n.s. ; c, asCi and

sporidia x

I20. Cladosporiumfulvum, Cooke. a, threads with conidia x
121. Macrosporium Tomato, Cooke. Fruit with blotch, n. s. ; a, conidium x
122. Puccinia Mentha, Pers. a, uredospores ; b, teleutospores x
124. Heterosporium variabile, Cooke. a, hyphse and conidia x
125. Peronospora effusa, Eab. threads with conidia x

126 GloBosporium orbiculare, Berk. conidia x

127. Glceosporium lagenarium, Pers. a, section of pustule ; b, conidia x

128. Oidium erysiphoides, Link. conidia x

129. Cercospora Melonis, Cooke. a, thread with conidia x

131. Vermicularia circinans, Berk. a, tuft of hairs, magnified ; 6, hair and

conidia x

132. Fusariella atro-virens, Berk. curved conidia x
133. Puccinia Porri, Sow. a, uredospores ; b, teleutospores x
134. Peronospora Schleideni, Ung. thread with conidia x
135. Sclerotinia bulborum, Wakk. asci and sporidia x
136. Mucor subtilissimus, Berk. portion of thread ; a, sporules x
137. Puccinia Asparagi, DC. a, uredospores ; 6, teleutospore x
138,Mycogone alba, Letell. hyphse and conidia x



PLATES X., XL, XII.

PESTS ORCHAKD, &c.

FIG. 1. Septoria pyricola, Desm. Spotted leaf, section of perithecium and sporules

x400.
2. Oidium farinosum, Cooke Young leaves with mould; chains of conidia,

and free conidia x 400.
3. Fusicladium dendriticum, Walk. On Apple with threads and conidia

x 400.

4. Glceosporium fructigenum, Berk. Spots on Apple with conidia x 400-
5. Botryodiplodia pyrenophora, Sacc. On Apple twig; a, young conidia;

6, mature conidia x 400.
6. Nectria ditissima, Tul. Forming canker on branch ; a, fissure showing

fungus ; b, perithecia, magnified ; c, sporidia x 400.
7. Valsa ambiens, Fr. Pustules on branch ; a, conidia oozing in a tendril;

b, conidia x 400 ; c, asci and sporidia x 400.

8. Rcestelia cancellata, Reb. On Pear leaf, with receptacle and spores.

Q.Exoascus bullatus, Tul. On Pear leaf, with ascus and sporidia x 400.
10. Entomosporium maculatum, Lev. Spotted leaf with conidia x 400.
11. Fusicladium pirinum, Lib. On Pear leaf, with threads and conidia x 400.
12Moniliafructigena, Pers. Tufts of mould on fruit; a, section of tuft ;

6, thread and conidia x 400.

13. Exoascus Pruni, Fckl. Diseased fruits ; a, asci with sporidia x 400. _
14. Polystigma rubra, Pers. On Sloe leaf ; a, section of blotch ; b, conidia ;

c, ascus and sporidia x 400.

15. Puccinia Pruni, Pers. -On Plum leaf; a, uredospores; 6, teleutospores

x 400.
16. Podosphcera tridactyla, Wall. Conceptacle with fulcra, enlarged ; a, ascus

and sporidia x 400.
17. Uncinula Prunastri, DC. Leaf with mould, and conceptacle, enlarged

a, tip of appendage ; b, ascus and sporidia x 400.



X EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

FIG. 18. Cladosporium epiphyllum, Link. Nodules of gum on twig. Threads and
conidia x 400.

19. Gnomonia erythrostoma, Awd. Spots on Cherry leaf ; a, section of con-
ceptacle ; b, conidia ; c, section of perithecium ; d, sporidia x 400.

20. GloBosporium l&ticolor, Berk. Spot on fruit ; a, conidia x 400.

21. Uromyces Amygdali, Pass. Rust on Peach leaf ; a, spots enlarged ; b, teleu-
tospores x 400.

22. Coryneum. Beijerinckii, Oud. Pustule with conidia x 400.

23. Exoascus deformans, Berk. Curl on Peach leaf; a, section of blister,
enlarged ; b, ascus and sporidia x 400.

24. Hclminthosporium rhabdiferum, Berk. Conidia x 400.

25. Micrococcus amylovorus, Burr. Families, and sporules x 400.

26. Marsonia Juglandis, Lib. On Walnut leaf ; b, section of pustule ; a,
conidia x 400.

28. Phleospora Mori, Lev. On Mulberry leaf, with conidia x 400.

29. Cercospora moricola, Cooke. On Mulberry leaf with threads and conidia
x 400.

30. Clasterosporium parasiticum, Cooke. Conidia x 400.

31. Septoria Ribis, Desm. On Currant leaf ; a, section of receptacle ; 6, conidia
x 400.

32. Glceosporium Ribis, Lib. On Currant leaf ; a, conidia x 400.

33. jEcidium Grossularics, Gmel. Cluster on Gooseberry leaf ; a, cluster-cup ;
b, aecidiospores x 400.

34. Microsphcera Grossularicc, Lev. Conceptacle with appendages enlarged, tip
of appendage further magnified.

35. Phyllosticta pallor, Berk. Spots on Raspberry cane; a, section of peri-
thecium ; b, sporules x 400.

36. Glceosporium venetum, Speg. Spots on Raspberry cane ; a, section of pus-
tule ; 6, conidia x 400.

38. Phyllosticta fragaricola, Desrn. Spots on Strawberry leaflet ; a, sporules
x400.

39. Septoria Fragarice, Desm. Spots on Strawberry leaflet, with section of
perithecium and sporules x 400.

40. Glososporium Fragarice, Lib. Spots on Strawberry leaflet, with pustule
enlarged and conidia x 400.

4l.Ramularia Tulasnei, Sacc. Spots on Strawberry leaflet, with threads and
conidia x 400.

42. Spharella Fragarice, Sacc. Ascus and sporidia x 400.



PLATES XIII., XIV., XV.

PESTS VINERY AND STOVE.

F IG . i. Phyllosticta Badhami, Cooke. a, section ; b, sporules x 400.

2. Septoria Badhami, Berk. a, section ; b, sporules x 400.

%. Glceosporium rufomaculans, Berk. With sporules x 400.

4. Glceosporium uvicola, Berk. a, pustule ; b, sporules x 400.

5. Glceosporium ampelophagum, Pass. a, section with sporules x 400.

6. Cercospora viticola, Sacc. a, hyphse with conidia x 400.

7. Isariopsis clavispora, B. & C. a, cluster of hyphae with conidia x 400.

8. Oidium Tuckeri, Berk. a, conidia ; b, free conidia ; c, pycnidia.

9. Guignardia Bidwellii, Viala. a, conidia ; 6, ascus and sporidia x 400.
W.Plasmopara viticola, B. & C. a, hypha with conidia ; b, resting-spore x 400.
11. Sclerotinia Fuckeliana, DBy. a, Botrytis form ; b, Peziza ; c, ascus and

sporidia x 400.

12. Plasmodiophora Vitis. a, cell with spores ; b, spores ; c, mobile spores.
13. Uncinula spiralis, B. & C. Perithecium with appendages ; a, ascus and

sporidia x 400.

14. Glceosporium Hendersonii, B. & Br. With sporules x 400.
15. Macrosporium Camellia., C. & M. a, hyphse ; 6, conidia x 400.
16. Gardenia canker. a, section with sporules x 400.
17. Pestalozzia Guepini, Desm. a, section ; b, conidia x 400.
18. Glceosporium affine, Sacc. a, with sporules x 400.
19. Phyllosticta Bolleana, Sacc. a, section with sporules x 400.
20. Dematophora necatrix, Hart. a, brown hyphae ; 6, tip of conidiophore ;
c, stylospores ; d, ascospores x 400.



EXPLANATION OF PLATES. xi

FIG. 21. Fumago vagans, Pers. Hyphee with conidia x 400.

22. Chromosporium pactolinum, Cooke. a, chain of spores x 400.

23. Zygosporium oscheoicles, Mont. a, b, hyphse with conidia x 400.

24. Phyllosticta Stephanotidis, Grove. With sporules x 400.

25. Phyllosticta Draconis, B. & W. With sporules x 400.

26. Monilia pruinosa, C. & M. With conidia x 400.

27. Saccharomyces Glutinis, Cohn. With conidia x 400.

28. Uredo Lynchii, Berk. Enlarged sori, with uredospores x 400.

29. Cladosporium Orchidearum, C. & M.

29*. Glceosporium Vanillce, C. & M. Section of pustule with sporules x 400.

30. Glceosporium Bidgoodii, Cooke. a, section of pustule ; b, sporules x 400.

31. Glceosporium cinctum, B. & C. With sporules x 400.

32. Graphiola Phcenicis, Poit. a, section ; b, hypha and conidia * 400.

33. Heterosporium minutulum, C. & M. Hyphse with conidia x 400.

PLATES XVI., XVII., XVIII.
PESTS ORNAMENTAL SHRUBBERY.

FIG. 1. Exobasidium Rhododendri, Cram. a, cluster of galls; b, basidium with

spores x 350.

2. Phyllosticta Arbuti, Desm. a, section of perithecia ; b, conidia x 400.
3. Septoria Unedonis, Rob. a, section of perithecium ; b, conidia x 400.
4. Phyllosticta Cookei, Sacc. a, section of perithecium ; b, conidia x 400.
5. Gapnodium Footii, Harv. Perithecia with mycelium and sporules x 400.
6. Phyllosticta tinea, Sacc. a, section of perithecia ; b, conidia x 400.
7. Phyllosticta Ligustri, Sacc. a, section of perithecia ; b, conidia x 400.
8. Phyllosticta limbalis, Pers. a, section of perithecium ; b, conidia x 400.
9. Puccinia Buxi, DC. a, teleutospore x 400.
W. Phyllosticta hedericola, D. & M. a, section of perithecium ; b, conidia

x 400.

11. Septoria insularis, B. & Br. a, section of perithecium ; b, conidia x 400.
12. Septoria Hederce, Desm. a, section of perithecia ; b, conidia x 400.
13. Glozosporium paradoxum, De Not. a, section of pustule ; b, conidia x 400.
14. Phyllosticta nuptialis, Thiim. a, section of perithecium ; b, conidia

x 400.

15. Phyllosticta Phillyrece, Sacc. a, section of perithecium ; b, conidia x 400.
16. Uredo Phillyrece, Cooke. a, pustule enlarged ; b, uredospore x 400.
17. Phyllosticta sanguinea, Desm. a, section of perithecium ; b, conidia

x 400.
18. Phyllosticta ruscicola, D. & M. a, section of perithecium ; 6, conidia

x 400.
19. Phyllosticta Mahonice, S. & S. a, section of perithecium ; 6, conidia

x 400.

20. Ovularia Berberidis, Cooke. a, hyphse with conidia x 400.
21. Glceosporium Berberidis, Cooke. a, section of pustule ; b, conidia x 400.
22. Microsphcera Berberidis, DC. a, tip of appendage ; b, ascus and sporidia

x 400.
23. jEcidium Berberidis, Gmel. a, cluster-cups, enlarged ; b, ascidiospores

x 400.
24. ufficidium crassum, Pers. a, section of cluster- cups, enlarged ; 6, aecidio-

spores x 400.
25. Microsphcera divaricata, Wallr. a, tip of appendage, enlarged ; b, ascus

and sporidia x 400.
26. Microsphcera Hedwigii, Lev. a, tip of appendage, enlarged ; b, ascus and

sporidia x 400.

27. Cceoma Euonymi, Gmel. a, uredospores x 400.
28. Microsphcera Euonymi, DC. a, tip of appendage, enlarged ; b, ascus and

sporidia x 400.

29. Phyllosticta cornicola, DC. a, conidia x 400.

30. Septoria cornicola, Desm. a, section of perithecium ; b, conidia x 400.
31. Erysiphe tortilis, Wallr. Receptacle with appendages ; a, ascus and sporidia

x 400.

32. Ovularia Syringes, Berk. Tuft of hyphae bearing conidia x 400.
33. Microsphcera Lycii, Lasch. a, tip of appendage ; b, ascus and sporidia

x 400.
34. Fusidium Deutzice, Cooke. a, tuft of conidia ; b, conidia x 400.



Xll EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

FIG. 35. Gloeosporium Mezerei, C. & M. a, conidia x 400.
36. Phleospora Oxyacantha, Kze. a, conidia x 400.
37. Podosphcera Oxyacanthce, DC. a, tip of appendage enlarged,
3S.Raestelia lacerata, Mer. , section of cups, enlarged ; 6, aecidiospore

x 400.

39. Phyllosticta Cylisi, Desm. a, section of peritheciura ; 6, conidia x 400.
40* Baestelia cormita, Gmel. a, three cups, enlarged ; b, eecidiospores x 400.
41. Gymnosporangium Sabirue, Dicks. Pustule, nat. size ; a, teleutospores

x 400.

42. Gymnosporangium confusum, Plowr. Teleutospores germinating x 400.
43. Coryneum Berkeleyi, Cooke. a, section of receptacle ; b, conidia x 400.
44. Gymnosporangium clavariiforme, Jacq. Pustule, nat. size ; a, teleutospores

x 400.
45. Gymnosporangium juniperinum, L. Pustules, nat. size; a, teleutospores

x 400.
.Spliairella Taxi, Cooke. a, perithecium enlarged ; b, ascus and sporidia

x 400.

PLATES XIX., XX., XXI.

PESTS FOREST TREES.

FIG. 1. Phyllosticta Aceris, Sacc. a, section of perithecium enlarged ; 6, conidia

x 400.

2. Phleospora Aceris, Lib. a, section of perithecium ; 6, conidia x 400.
'6.Septoglceum Hartigianum, Sacc. a, twig with pustules; b, section of

pustule ; c, conidia x 400.

4. Botrytis depr&dans, Cooke. Portion of capitulum x 400.
5. Ehytisma acerinum, Fries. a, conidia ; 6, ascus and ascospores x 400.
6. Uncinula Aceris, DC. a, receptacle enlarged; 6, tip of appendage en-
larged ; c, ascus and ascospores x 400.

7. Ehytisma punctatum, Fries. a, conidia; 6, ascus and ascospores x 400.
9. GlfKosporium nervisequum, Fckl. a, conidia x 400.

10 Septoria Hippocastani, B. & Br. a, section of perithecium ; 6, sporules x
400.

11. Stereum purpureum, Fries. a, basidium with spores x 400.

12. Phleospora Ulmi, Fries. a, section of perithecium ; b, sporules x 400.

13. Piggotia astroidea, Berk. a, conidia x 400.

14. Phyllachora Ulmi, Fckl. a, section of stroma ; b, ascus and ascospores x
400.

15. Septoria Fraxini, Desm. a, section of perithecium ; b, sporules x 400.

16. Gloeosporium umbrinellum, B. & Br. Hyphae with conidia x 400.

17. Microstoma album, Desm. Basidia and conidia x 400.

18 Uredo Quercus, Brond. a, uredospores x 400.

19. Stereum hirsutum, Fries. a, basidium with spores x 400.

20. Stereum frustulosum, Fries. a, basidia with spores x 400.

21. Diaporthe taleola, Sacc. a, pustules enlarged ; b, section of stroma ; c,
conidia ; d, ascus and ascospores x 400. '

22.Phytophthora omnivora, DBy.

23. Gloeosporium Carpini, Desm. a, pustule enlarged ; b, conidia x 400.

24. Gnomoniella fimlrriata, A. & S. a, section of perithecia enlarged; b, asco-
spores x 400.

25. Phyllosticta betulina, Sacc. a, conidia x 400.

26. Melampsora betulina, Pers. a, uredospores ; b, teleutospores ; c, teleuto-
spores germinating x 400.

27. Dothidella betulina, Fries. a, section of stroma enlarged ; 6, ascospores x
400.

28. Septoria Tilia, West. a, section of perithecium enlarged ; 6, conidia x 400.

29. Septoria alnicola, Cooke. a, section of perithecium ; b, conidia x 400.

30. Passalora bacilligera, Fres. a, hyphse with conidium ; b, conidia x 400.

31. Septoria Populi, Desm. a, section of perithecium ; b, conidia x 400.

32. Marsonia Populi, Lib. a, section of pustule; 6, conidia x 400.

33. Gloeosporium Tremulce, Lib. a, section of pustule ; b, conidia x 400.

34. Melampsora Tremulce, Tul. a, uredospores; b, teleutospores x 400.

35. Melampsora cecidioides, DC. a, uredospores ; b, teleutospores x 400.

36. Melampsora populina, Jacq. a, uredospores ; b, teleutospores x 400.

37. Taphrina aurea, Fries. a, section of blister ; 6, ascus and spores; c, asco-
spores x 400.



EXPLANATION OF PLATES. xiii

FIG. 38. Septoria salicicola, Fries. a, section of perithecium enlarged ; b, conidia x

400.

39. Melampsora vitellina, DC. Uredospoves x 400.
0. Melampsora mixta, Thiim. Uredospores x 400.
41. Melampsora epitea, Kunze. a, uredospores ; b, teleutospores x 400.
42. Melampsora farinosa, Pers. a, uredospores ; b, teleutospores x 400.
43. Rhytisma saiicinum, Pers. a, section of stroma ; b, ascus and ascospores ;

c, ascospores x 400.
44 Uncimila adunca, Wallr. a, perithecium with appendages, enlarged; 5,

ascus with ascospores x 400.

45. Pestalozzia Hartigii, Tub. Conidia in various stages x 400.
46. Peridermium Pini, Wallr. a, cluster-cup, enlarged ; b, ascidiospores x 400.
47. Peridermium elatinum, A. & S. ^cidiospores x 400.