A description of the first discoveries of the antient city of Heraclea, found near Portici, a country palace belonging to the king of the Two Sicilies. In two parts.. online

=» Galen. 9. Therapeutlcse. ^ Vid. Adriano della Monica

della Via Appia, Sc Lipf. ad Tacit. 1. 2. qui putat id fadum a
Caio Gracco, vel Cefare, vel Augufto. Prat:l]. poc' anzi citato
della Via Egnazia, Uc. ^ Vid. Moniignor del Torre Ifcriz. di
M. Aquilio. cap. 8.

Architecb,



Antiefit City of HER ACLE A. 6r

Archite(5t,in an old Painting; which is in the PofTef-
fion of the Marquis Alexander Gregory Caponi,
On the Imofcapo % or Fillet of the Colonna Antoni-
nuy you'll find the Name of Nilus ^gyptius the
Architecb ; which being To feldom found, confirms
the Prohibition, chiefly in Places that are vifible
and confpicuous ; and that it was permitted only in
low and hidden Places, as the Pipes of an Aque-
dudl ; Bricks, Lamps, and Tombftones ; whence,
on feeing this Name in fo confpicuous a Place, as
the great Architrave on which is the Name of a
Qtiinquennial Duumvir, I conclude it muft have
been done before the Prohibition (which, among
the Romans, was in the Reign of Adrian) and a-
bout the fame Time as this at Verona ^ where you
read, ^

L. VITRVVIVS. L. CERDO. ARCHITECTVS.

which v/as in the Reign of Auguilus.

On the Houfe of Terracina, alfo you will find :

C POSTVMIVS. C. F.

POLLIO

ARCHITECTVS.

But as to Numifius the Architect, I fay, the
Learned have never fo much as mentioned him in
that Charadter. The Family of the Numifii is not
unknown, for you may find a great many of that
Name in Reinefius and others.

Vitruvius, in the Preamble to his firfl Book,
mentions one Puhlius Minidiiis^ who, together with
Marcus Aurelius, and Gneus Cornelius, in the
Reign of Auguflus, attended the faid Vitruvius in
the preparing and managing the Catapulta's, Scor-
pions, and other warlike Inflruments. I obferve

^ Vid Archit. di And. Pallad. Vicentino. Tom. 3. tab. VIII.
pag. 15. '» Bianchini Comment. Lapid, Antiat. cap. i,

Gruter. 186. 4. Maffei Verona illuHrata; e Tratt. del' Anfiteatri.

further.



62 A Description of the

further, that all the antient Volumes of Vitruvius
do not agree about this Name -, for feme call him
Fuhlius Mmidius, fome Puhlius Numidicus^ and
others again, Fuhlius Numidius^ which Name is
like to that of Numiftus in the Infcription in the
Theatre, which muft be the right Name of the
Companion of the famous Vitruvius, the mod com-
pleat Architect that ever was ; and thereby we
may find out the Time of the Building of the
Theatre of Heraclea, which is what we want to
know.

We have before proved, that this Theatre was
built by Lucius Annius Mammianus Rufus, Quin^
quennial Duumvir, the Son of another Lucius, un-
der the Diredlion of Publius Numiftus the Archite6t.

As to the Family of the Annii, we have feveral
Records of them, both in Hiftory, and in the
Infcriptions, mentioned in the Books of Antiqua-
rians, among which, I fhall only fet down this,

T. ANNIVS. ITALICVS. HONORATVS

quoted by Robortello % and another Q^ Annius,
one of the Senators, who were in Catiline*s Con-
fpiracy \ and Marcus Annius Verus Pollio, who,
according to Petavius, was Conful together with
M. Plautius Sylvanus, Anno Rom. 824. and A. D.
81. which was a fhort Time after the Eruption of
Vefuvius. From all which I imagine, that the
two Marci Memmii Rufi, Father and Son, menti-
oned by Reinefius % in an Infcription, which he
copied from Capaccius '', and which he afferts was
in the City of Heraclea, ought to be read Mammi
or Mammiani, as they were Duumvirs of this City,
and raifed publick Buildings at their own Expence,

* Vid. Middleton's Life of Cicero, tom. i. p. 279. ^ Saluft.
p. 17. EP. AnnioRufo III. Vir. A. A. A. ¥.¥. Gokz. Infer, p.
155. ^ Reinef. Infer, claff. 7. n. 15, f ^^P^^- ^^^- 2-

Hii. Neap. c. 9.

viz.



AntUnt City 0/ H E R A C L E A. 63
visz, PONDERALE. ET. CHALCIDICVM. ET
SCHOLAM. Alfo for the publick Games and
Shews, prefented to the Publick, at the Dedicati-
on. I am alfo induced to believe it, from other
Miftakes, which the above Reinefius has taken no-
tice of, in the faid Infcription ; whence I conclude
that L. Annius Mammianus, who did this great
Performance, was either one of the Duumviri of
the Colony of Heraclea, or a Defcendant of him.

Therefore L. Annius was ^ibiquennial Duumvir y
or chief Magiftrate of the Colony, which ought
not to leffen his Efteem, as the principal Romans
coveted to be eledled Duumvirs in the Colonies.
Pompey the Great was Duumvir of Capua, along
with one of the Antonian Family, and the Names
of the Decuriones were engraven in Brafs. And
this ferves to prove that Heraclea was a Roman
Colony.

I fhall draw Proofs of the Quinquennial Duum-
virate of Heracjea, not only from this Infcription,
but from other Authorities. Tho' the Cities of
Campania Foelix, being originally Grecian, and
governed by the Athenian Laws, they had the Li-
berty (whilft under the Roman Empire) to obfervc
their own former Cuftoms, and to live according to
their own Laws, and yet had the Privileges that
belonged to the Citizens of Rome ; which is a
Thing uncommon. What Cicero fays of the He-
racleans and Neapolitans, puts it beyond all Doubt ;
for he, fpeaking of the Julian Law % adds, that
there were great Difputes between thefe two Cities,
becaufe many preferred the Liberty of their Laws,
before the Privilege of being accounted Citizens
of Rome : ^um magna pars in iis civitatibus fcsderis
fui (quo nempe leges lis reli^ia) libertatem Civitati art"
teferrent \ and this was the Reafon that thofe who
became Citizens of Rome, were no longer among
» Fro Balbo.

the



64 ji 'Desckiptioi^ of fbe

the Number of the Confederates. Hence it comes,
that the Duumvirs of Naples and hozzuoli called
themfelves Arconti *. Further, Reinefius affirms,
that guos vocant Duumviros^ (IIVIRI) Archontes
j-paTf}'o», reprafentahant Colonize Confides, They
Itiled themfelves Demarchi for the fame Reafon,
for the Magiftracy of Naples was called Demarchia,
as Strabo fays, Argumento ret funt nomina Magiftra-
iuum Principis gr^eca^ pojlerioribtts temporihus Cainpa^
7ia Gr^cis permixta-y and Spartianus fays pofitively,
they were Sluinquennali. Apud Neapolim Dcmarchus
in patria fua quinquennalis . It was the very fame in
Heraclea, as may be feen in the Infcription of
Concejftanus^ of whom we fpoke before.

It is certain, that the other Grecian Colonies had
Quinquennial Duumvirs. On a Medal of Nero,
in the Royal Mufasum, you may fee one Tiberius
Claudius, in that Pod at Corinth, who pofTibly
was of the Imperial Family, with the Kead bea-
tified ; (i. e. with a Glory round his Head)

NERO CAESAR. GERM. AVG.

And on the Reverfe,

COR. TI. CLAVDIO. ITVIR. Q, ADV. AVG.

Corinthus. Tiherio ClaudiOy Duumviro ^iinqitenndi :
Adventus Augufti.

In order to know, whether there were Quinquen-
nial Duumvirs any where Mq^ fee Vaillant ^ and
Gruterus, whofe Examples are fet down, by Da-
madenus, in the 'Tabula Canufina^ which is at pre-
fcnt in the PofTefTion of the Marquis Riccardi at



a



Vid. la Differt. del Slg. Abbate Guafco Piernont. Acad.
Etrufco. fcpra I'Autonomia de* Greci che fi Hampa nel torn. V.
delle Differt. dell' Academia di Cortona. ^ V. Valliant. Co-
loniar. t. i. Vid. Lettere critiche d'un Academ. Etrufco. ad un
Academ. Fiorent. & Jo. Lamii in Anti(j, Tabul. .