m<
'W
.SfeM
*fl!
'
' -
W:^m
IL
%-,
Division
Range
Shelf
Received
187
GEOGHAPHIA 0LASSICA:
OR
THE APPLICATION
OF
ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY
.
TO THE
CLASSICS.
BY SAMUEL CUTLER, D.D. F.R.S.&c. &c.
ARCHDEACON OF DERBY,
AND HEAD MASTER OF THE ROYAL FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL OF
SHREWSBURY.
SECOND AMERICAN, FROM THE NINTH LONDON EDITION,
WITH QUESTIONS ON THE MAPS,
BY JOHN FROST.
PHILADELPHIA:
CAREY AND LEA, CHESNUT STREET.
Entered, according to an Act of Congress, in the year 1831, in the
Clerk's office of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
Week*, Printer.
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE.
B. C.
4004
2348
2247
2059
1996
1728
1571
1556
1493
1452
1406
1356
1263
1225
1184
1104
1095
1070
1044
1004
975
907
896
884
869
820
Creation of the world.
The deluge.
Tower of Babel built, and confusion of languages.
The Assyrian empire founded.
Birth of Abraham.
Joseph sold into Egypt.
Moses born.
Kingdom of Attica founded by Cecrops.
Thebes built by Cadmus.
The five books of Moses written, who dies the next year.
Minos the Cretan lawgiver.
Eleusinian mysteries introduced at Athens by Eumolpus.
Aygonautic expedition.
Theban war.
Troy taken.
Return of the Heraclidas to the Peloponnese.
Saul made king of Israel.
Codrus last king of Athens.
Settlement of the Ionian colonies in Asia Minor. Age of
Homer.
Dedication of Solomon's temple.
Kingdoms of Israel and Judah divided.
Age of Hesiod.
Elijah taken up to heaven.
Lycurgus the Spartan lawgiver.
Carthage built.
Sardanapalus, last king of Assyrian Median empire
founded.
IV.
Ol.
.u.c.
B.C.
i. 1.
776
Coroebus conquers at the Olympic games;
from which time the regular dates of
the Olympiads begin.
v. 4.
757
saiah begins to prophesy.
vi. 4.
753
lome founded, April 20,
ix. 2.
11
743
First Messenian war; continues 19 years
to the taking of Ithome.
xiv. 4.
33
721
kingdom of Israel finished by the taking
of Samaria by Salmanasar king of As-
syria.
xxiii. 4.
69
685
Second Messenian war; continues four-
teen years to the taking of Ira after a
seige of eleven years. Age of Tyrtxus
and Archilochus.
xxiv. 1.
70
684
Annual Archons established at Athens.
xxx. 2.
95
659
Cypselus usurps the government of Co-
rinth.
xxxix. 2.
131
623
Draco the Athenian lawgiver.
xlviii. 2.
150
604
Age of Arion, Pittacus, Alcxus, Sappho.
xlvii. 2.
163
591
Pythian games established at Delphi, and
continued every second year of each
Olympiad. Age of Chilo, Anacharsis,
Thales, Epimenides, Solon, ^Esop, Ste-
i chorus, 8cc.
xlviii. 2.
167
587
Jerusalem taken by Nebuchadnezzar king
of Babylon, June 9, after a seige of 18
months.
1. 4.
177
577
Death of Jeremiah the prophet.
liv. 3.
192
562
First comedy acted at Athens by Susarion
and Dolon.
liv. 4.
193
563
Pisistratus usurps the sovereign power at
Athens.
Iv. 2.
195
559
Persian empire founded upon the Median
by Cyrus. Age of Anaximenes, Bias,
Anaximander, Phalaris, and Cleobulus.
Iviii. 1.
206
548
Croesus, last king of Lydia, conquered by
Cyrus. Age of Theognis and Phere-
cydes.
Ix. 2.
215
539
Marseilles built by the Phocxans. Age of
Pythagoras, Simonides, Thespis, Xeno-
phanes, and Anacreon.
Ix. 3.
216
438
Babylon taken by Cyrus.
Ixi. 1.
218
536
Edict of Cyrus for the return of the Jews,
and rebuilding of the temple,
Ixiii. 4.
229
525
Egypt conquered by Cambyses.
Ivrv. 4.
233
521
Darius Hystaspes, king of Persia. Age
of Confucius the Chinese Philosopher.
Ixvii. 3.
244
51C
Tyranny of the Pisistratidx abolished at
Athens.
Ixvii. 4.
245
5 OS
Expulsion of the Tarqnins from Rome.
Ol.
Ix. i.
Ixx. 3.
Ixxi. 4.
Ixxii. 3.
Ixxv. 1.
Ixxv. 2.
Ixxv, 4.
xxviii. 4.
Ixxxi. 3.
xxxiii. 1.
xxxiii, 2,
xxxiii. 4.
xxxvii. 2.
xxxix. 4.
xci. 1.
xciii. 4.
xciv. 1.
xcv. 1.
A.U.C.
250
256
261
264
274
275
277
289
300
306
307
309
323
333
338
349
350
353
354
B.C.
End of the regal, and establishment of
the consular government.
504Sardis burnt by the Athenians, which
causes the invasion of Greece by the
Persians. Age of Heraclitus, Parme-
nides, Milo the wrestler, Aristagoras,
&c.
498 Lartius the first dictator created at Rome.
493 Secession of the Roman people to Mons
Sacer.
490 Battle of Marathon. Age of Miltiades.
480 Battles of Thermopylae and Salamis. Age
of jEschylus, Pinder, Anaxagoras, Zeu-
xis, Aristides, Themistocles, Sec.
479 Battles of Plataea and Mycale on the same
day.
477 The 300 Fabii killed in one day.
465 Third Messenian war; continues 10 years.
454 The Romans send to Athens for Solon's
laws. Age of Sophocles, Pericles, Za-
leucus, Nehemiah the prophet, &c.
448 The first sacred war concerning the tem-
ple of Delphi.
447 The Athenians defeated by the Boeotians,
at Chaeronea.
445 Age of Herodotus, Empedocles, Euripi-
des, Phidias, &c.
43lPeloponnesian war begins, May 7, and
continues twenty-seven years. Age of
Cratinus, Eupolis, Aristophanes,*Meton,
Democritus, Gorgias, Thucydides, Hip-
pocrates, Malachi the last of the Pro-
phets: and the history of the Old Testa-
ment ends.
421 The fifty years' peace made between the
Athenians and Lacedaemonians, which
is kept but six years and 10 months.
416 Scene of the Peloponnesian war removed
to Sicily. The Agrarian law first mov-
ed at Rome.
405 Battle of ^Egos Potamos. Usurpation of
Dionysius the elder.
404 Athens taken by Lysander, which puts an
end to the Peloponnesian war. Age of
Parrhasius, Protagoras, Lysias, Aga-
thon, Cebes.
401 Cyrus the younger killed at Cunaxa. Re-
treat of the 10,000 Greeks. Expulsion
of the thirty tyrants from Athens by
Thrasybulus.
400 Socrates put to death.
VI.
Ol
xcvi. 1.
xcvi. 2>
xcvi. 3.
xcvii. 3.
xcviii. 1.
c. 4.
cii. 2.
cii. 3.
ciii. 2.
civ. 2.
civ. 3.
cv. 1.
cv. 4.
cvi. 4.
cviii. 1.
cix. 2,
ex. 3,
cxi. 1.
cxi. 2.
cxi. 3.
cxi. 4.
cxiL 1.
A.u.c,
358
359
360
364
366
377
383
384
387
391
392
394
397
401
406
411
416
418
419
420
421
422
B.C.
396 Expedition of Agesilaus into Asia. Age
of Xenophon, Zeuxis, Aristippus, and
Archytas.
395 Corinthian war begun by the alliances of
the Athenians, Thebans ? Corinthians,
and Argives, against the Lacedaemonians.
94Conon defeats the Lacedaemonian fleet
near Cnidus. The allies defeated by
Agesilaus in the battle of Coronea.
o90 Rome burnt by the Gauls. Age of Plato,
Conon, Iphicfates, Camillus.
388 Peace of Antalcidas, which made the
Greek cities in Asia Minor tributary to
the Persians.
377 Lacedemonians defeated off Naxus by
Chabrias. Age of Isxus, Isocrates, Dio-
genes, 8cc.
371 The Lacedaemonians defeated by the The-
bans, commanded by Epaminondas, at
the battle of Leuctra.
370 Messenians return to the Peloponnese, hav-
ing been banished 300 years.
3 67 One of the consuls at Rome elected from
the Plebians.
363 Lacedaemonians defeated by Epaminondas
at the battle of Mantinea. Death of
Epaminondas a year after that of Pelo-
pidas.
62 Agesilaus goes into Egypt, and dies on his
return home.
360 Athenians defeated at Methone by Philip
of Macedon, being the first battle he
357 gained in Greece.
Second sacred war began; the Phocians
having attacked the temple of Delphi.
353 Philip defeats the Phocians commanded
by Onomarchus.
o48 Philip puts an end to the sacred war.
343 Timoleon banishes Dionysius the younger,
tyrant of Syracuse. Age of Speusip-
pus, Protogenes, Aristotle, j32schines,
Demosthenes, Phocion, 6cc.
338 Philip defeats the Athenians and their al-
lies in the fatal battle of Chseronea.
336 Philip killed by Pausanias.
Alexander destroys Thebes.
4 Alexander begins his Persian expedition.
Battle of the Cranicus.
o33 Battle of Issus.
332 Tyre taken and destroyed by Alexander:
Alexander in F<gypt founded by him.
Vll
01.
cxii. 3.
cxiii. 2.
cxiv. 2.
cxiv. 4.
cxv. 1.
cxvi. 2,
cxvii. 1.
cxviii, 2,
cxviii. 3.
cxix. 4.
cxxii. 2.
cxxiv. 1.
cxxiv. 4.
cxxv. 1.
cxxv. 3.
cxxvii. 4.
cxxix. 1.
cxxx. 1.
cxxxi. 1.
cxxxii. 2.
cxxxiv. 1.
cxxxiv. 1.
cxxxiv. 4.
cxxxv. 1.
A.U.C.
423
42?
431
433
434
439
442
447
448
453
463
470
473
474
476
480
485
490
494
498
503
510
512
513
514
B.C
331
327
32
315
307 Democracy
306
301
291
Battle of Arbela. End of the Persian and
commencement of the Grecian empire.
Alexander's expedition against Poms. Age
of Apelles, Hyperides, Lysippus, &c.
Alexander dies May 21. Kingdom of E*
gypt founded by Ptolemy.,
321 Romans defeated by the Samnites at Cau-
dium.
320 Polyperchon 'publishes liberty to all the
Grecian cities. Age of Praxiteles, Me-
nander, Demetrius Phalereus.
Eumenes delivered to Antigonus by his
army.
312 Seleucus takes Babylon. Commencement
of the <era of the Seleucidse.
re-established at Athens by
Demetrius Poliorcetes.
Alexander's successors assume the title
of Kings.
Battle of Ipsus, in which Antigonus is de-
feated and killed by Ptolemy, Seleucus,
Lysimachus, and Cassander. Age of
Zeno, Pyrrho, Philemon, Grantor.
Age of Euclid the mathematician, Epicu-
rus, Bion, &c.
284 Pharos of Alexandria built. The Septua-
gint translated about this time.
281 Lysimachus defeated and killed by Seleu-
cus. Romans begin the Tarentine war.
Achxan league begins.
280 Pyrrhus king of Epirus goes to Italy to as-.
sist the Tarentines.
278 The Gauls cut to pieces near Delphi.
Age of Sostratus, Theocritus, Aratus,
Lycophron, Sec.
274 Curius defeats Pyrrhus, who retires to
Epirus.
269 Silver first coined at Rome.
264 First Punic war begins, and continues 23
years.
games the first naval victory with
a Roman fleet over the Carthaginians.
256 Regulus defeated by Xanthippus.
Age of Aratus, Cleanthes, Manetho, Ti-
mexus, Callimachus, Zoilus.
244 Citidel of Corinth taken by Aratus.
242 Carthaginians defeated by Lutatius Catu-
lus. End of the first Punic war.
Agis king of Laced&mon put to death.
" Livius Andronicus first acted at
Rome.
260 Duillius
241
240 Plays of
V11I
01.
A.U.C
B.C
cxxxv. 4.
517
237
Amilcar passes into Spain with his son
Hannibal,
cxxxvi.2.
519
235
Temple of Janus shut the first time since
the reign of Numa.
cxxxvi. 4.
521
232
Original manuscripts of ./Eschylus, Sopho-
cles, and Euripides, lent Ptolemy on a
pledge of fifteen talents.
cxxxvii.l.
523
231
First divorce known at Rome. Sardinia
and Corsica conquered.
cxxxix. 1.
530
224
Collossus of Rhodes thrown down by an
earthquake. Romans first cross the Po
in pursuit of the Gauls. Age of Chry-
sippus, Archimedes, Valerius, Messala,
C. Naevius, Aristarchus, Apollonius Rho-
dius, Fabius Pictor the first Roman his-
torian, &c.
cxl. 1.
534
220
Social war between the -JEtolians and
Achxans assisted by Philip, the last
Macedonian king of that name.
cxl. 2.
535
219
Hannibal takes Saguntum, which is the
cause of the second Punic war.
cxl. 3,
536
218
Second Punic war begins, and continues 17
years. Battles of Ticinus and Trebia.
cxl. 4.
537
217
Battle of Trasy menus.
cxli. 1.
538
216
Battle of Cannas.
cxli. 3,
cxlii. 1.
540
542
214
212
Romans begin war against Philip in Epims.
Syracuse taken by Marcellus after a seige
of three years. Death of Archimedes.
cxliii. 2,
547
207
Asdrubal defeated by Claudius. Age of
Clautus, Annius, &c.
cxliv, 3.
552
202
Battle of Zama, which put an end to the
second Punic war.
cxlv, 1.
554
200
First Macedonian war begins, and conti-
nues four years nearly.
cxlv. 4.
557
197
Philip defeated at the battle of Cynoscep-
hale, which put an end to the first Ma-
cedonian war.
cxlvii. 1.
562
192
Romans begin the war with Antiochus the
Great, which continues near three years.
Age of Lzclius, Massinissa, the Scipios,
the Gracchi.
cxlix. 2.
571
183
Death of Hannibal and Philopcemen. Sci-
pio died the year preceding.
clii. 2.
583
171
Second Macedonian war.
cliii. 1.
586
168
Battle of Pydna, in which Perses is de-
feated by Paulus /Emilius, and Macedo-
nian reduced to a Roman province. Age
of Terence, Polybius, Pacuvius, Hippar-
chus, Carneades, &c.
clvii. 4.
605
149
Third Punic war begins.
clviii. 1.
606
148
Romans make war upon the Achxans.
clviii. 4.
609
145
Carthage destroyed by Scipio, and Co-
rinth by Mummius,
IX
A.C.U.
B.C.
608
146
613
141
618
136
619
135
621
133
633
121
643
111
652
102
653
101
657
97
663
91
665
89
666
88
672
82
676
78
679
75
681
73
683
71
685
69
688
66
689
65
691
63
694
60
696
58
699
55
701
53
704
50
706
48
707
47
708
46
709
45
710
44
711
43
Viriatus defeated by Lselius in Spain.
Numantine war begins; continues eight years.
The famous embassy of Scipio, Metellus, Mummius,
and Panactius into Egypt, Syria, and Greece.
The history of the Apocrypha ends.
Numantia taken. Pergamus annexed to the Roman
empire. Tiberius Gracchus killed.
Caius Gracchus killed. Age of Lucilius.
Jugurthine war begins, and continues five years.
Teutones defeated by Marius.
Teutones and Cimbri defeated by Marius and Catu-
lus,
Cyrene left by Ptolemy Apion to the Romans.
Social war begins, and continues three years till
finished by Sylla.
Mithridatic war begins, and continues 26 years.
Civil wars of Marius and Sylla begin, and continue 6
years.
Sylla defeats the younger Marius, and is made dicta-
tor.
Death of Sylla.
Bithynia left by Nicomedes to the Romans.
Servile war begins under Spartacus.
Spartacus defeated by Crassus and Pompey.
Mithridates and Tigranes defeated by Lucullus.
Mithridates conquered by Pompey in a night battle.
Crete subdued by Metellus, who obtains the sur-
name of Creticus.
Pompey conquers Syria, which puts an end to the
reign of the Seleucidse.
Cataline's conspiracy defeated by Cicero. Mithri-
dates kills himself.
First triumvirate of Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus.
Age of Cicero, Catullus, Lucretius, Sallust, 8cc.
Cicero banished, and recalled in sixteen months.
Caesar invades Britain.
Death of Crassus.
Civil war between Caesar and Pompey.
Battle of Pharsalia.
Alexandria taken by Caesar.
War of Africa. Cato kills himself. Caesar corrects
the calander by the advice of Sosi genes: the year
of confusion, consisting of 15 months, or 445 days.
Battle of Munda.
Caesar killed in the senate-house.
Battle of Mutina. Second triumvirate of Octavius,
Anthony, and Lepidus. Cicero proscribed and put
to death. Age of C. Nepos, Diodorus Siculus, Tro-
gus Pompeius, Varro, &c.
kA.U.C
B.C.
712
42
715
39
718
36
722
32
723
31
724
30
727
27
734
20
737
17
739
15
742
12
748
6
749
4
A.D,
755
2
762
9
763
10
767
14
770
17
772
19
779
26
784
31
786
33
789
36
790
37
792
39
793
40
794
41
796
43
797
44
804
51
807
54
812
59
817
64
818
65
819
66
Battle of Philippi.
Ventidius defeats Pacorus general of the Parthian*,
on the same day 14 years after the death of Crassus.
Pompey the younger defeated in Sicily by Octavius.
Octavius and Antony prepare for war.
Battle of Actium.
Alexandria taken, and Egypt reduced to a Roman
province.
Title of Agustus given to Octavius. The Augustan
age of Virgil, Manilius, Asinius Pollio, Maecenas
Agrippa, Strabo, Horace, Macer, Propertius, Livy,
Tibullus, Ovid, Varius, Tucca, Vitruvius, Di ony-
sius Halicarnassensis, and Dionysius Periegetes.
Tiberius recovers the Roman standards from the
Parthians.
Secular games celebrated at Rome.
Rhseti and Vindelici defeated by Drusus.
Pannonians defeated by Tiberius.
Tiberius retires to Rhodes for seven years*
Our Saviour born, four years before the vulgar sera.
Tiberius returns to Rome.
Ovid banished to Tomos.
Varus defeated in Germany by Arminius.
Augustus dies at Nola, and is succeeded by Tiberius,
Age of Phaedrus, Asinius Gallus, Paterculus, Cor-
nelius Celsus, 8cc.
Twelve cities in Asia Minor destroyed by an earth-
quake.
Germanicus, poisoned by Piso, dies at Antioch.
Tiberius retires to the island of Caprese.
Sejanus disgraced and put to death.
Our Saviour crucified.
Conversion of St. Paul.
Tiberius dies, and is succeeded by Caligula. Age of
Valerius Maximus, Columella, Philo Judxus, Sec.
St. Matthew writes his gospel.
The disciples first called Christians at Antioch.
Caligula killed by Chssrea and succeeded by Clau-
dius.
The expedition of Claudius into Britain.
St. Mark writes his gospel.
Caractacus brought a prisoner to Rome.
Claudius poisoned by Agrippina and succeeded by
Nero.
Agrippina put to death by her son Nero.
First persecution of the Christians.
Seneca and Lucan put to death by Nero.
Nero visits Greece. The Jewish war begins, Age
of Persius, Q. Curtius, Pliny the naturalist, Jose-
phus, Frontinus, &c.
A.U.C.
820
821
822
B.C.
67
68
69
823
70
832
79
834
81
848
849
95
96
851
855
98
102
856
859
103
106
860
867
870
871
874
'883
107
114
117
118
121
130
884
131
891
138
914
161
922
933
169
180
945
192
St. Peter and St. Paul put to death.
Nero killed and succeeded by Galba.
Galba killed and succeeded by Otho. Otho, defeat-
ed by Vitellius, kills himself. Vitellius defeated,
and killed, and succeeded by Vespasian.
Jerusalem taken and destroyed by Titus, Saturday,
Sept. 8.
Death of Vespasian: succession of Titus. Hercu-
laneum, Pompeii, and Stabile destroyed by an erup-
tion of Vesuvius, in which Pliny the elder lost his
life. Age of Josephus.
Death of Titus and succession of Domitian. Age of
Sil. Italicus, Martial, Apollonius of Tyana, Vale-
rius Flaccus, Solinus, Epictetus, Quintilian. Agri-
cola, &c.
Second persecution of the Christians.
Domitian killed by Stephanus and succeeded by Ner-
va. Age of Juvenal, Tacitus, Statins, 8cc.
Death of Nerva and succession of Trajan.
Pliny, proconsul of Bithynia, writes his famous letter
to Trajan giving an account of the Christians,
Trajan reduces Dacia to a Roman province.
Trajan's expedition to Parthia. Age of Floras, Sue-
tonius, Pliny the younger, Plutarch, &c.
Third Persecution of the Christians.
Trajan's column erected at Rome.
Death of Trajan: succession of Hadrian.
Fourth persecution of the Christians,
Hadrian builds his wall in Britain.
Hadrian rebuilds Jerusalem and erects a temple
there to Jupiter.
The Jews rebel, and after a war of five years are de-
feated and all banished.
Death of Hadrian and succession of Antoninus Pius.
In the reign of Hadrian flourished Phavorinus,
Aristides the sophist, Polycarp, Arrian, Ptolemy
the geographer, 8cc,
Death of Antoninus; succession of Marcus Aurelius
and L. Verus. In the reign of Antoninus flourish-
ed Maximus Tyrius, Pausanias the topographer of
Greece, Diophantus the mathematician, Lucian,
Hermogenes, Polyzenus, Appian, Artemidorus,
Justin Martyr, Apuleius, &c.
War of the Marcomanni.
Death of Aurelius: succession of Commodus. In the
reign of Aurelius flourished Galen, Athenagoras,
Tatian, Athenacus, Diogenes Laertius.
Commodus killed by Martia and Lxtus: succeeded
by Pertinax, who reigns a few months. In this
reign flourished Julius Pollux, Theodotian, Ire-
naeus, &e.
A.U.C
946
fl.C
193
P
947
951
955
960
962
964
194
199
202
207
209
211
S
S
F
S
S<
s<
965
970
212
217
c;
c
971
218
M
975
222
E
988
235
T
989
236
M
990
238
Pi
997
1002
244
249
G<
J ]
1003
1004
250
251
Se
1)(
1006
253
G-<
1010
1012
257
259
V,
Vi
'
1013
260
G;
i
1021
268
G<
i
1023
1025
1026
270
272
273
Cl
Ni
Ze
1
1028
275
.
\\
Pertinax killed by the Prretorian guards, who self
the empire to Didius Julianus. Didius Julianus kil-
led by the Prastorian guards, and succeeded by Se-
verus.
Severus defeats his rival Niger at Issus.
Severus defeats and kills his rival Albinus at Lyons.
Fifth persecution of the Christians.
Severus visits Britain.
Severus builds his wall in Britain.
Severus dies at York, and is succeeded by Caracalla
and Geta. In the reign of Severus flourished Ter-
tullian, Minucius Felix, Papinian, Clemens Alex-
andrinus, Philostratus, &c.
Geta killed by his brother Caracalla.
Caracalla killed, and succeeded by Macrinus. In
this reign Oppian flourished.
Macrinus killed by the Praetorian guards and suc-
ceeded by Elagabalus.
Elagabalus killed by the Prxtorian guards and suc-
ceeded by Alexander.
The sixth persecution of the Christians. Alexander
killed by the soldiers and succeeded by Maximin.
In the reign of Alexander flourished Dion Cassius,
Origen, and Ammonius.
Maximin killed by the soldiers and succeeded by the
two Gordians, who are killed by Pupienus and
Balbinus,
upienus and Balbinus killed by the soldiers and suc-
ceeded by Gordian.
jordian killed and succeeded by Philip.
~hilip killed by the soldiers and succeeded by De-
cius.
Seventh persecution of the Christians,
Decius killed in battle against the Goths and succeed-
ed by Gallus-.
alms killed and succeeded by ./Emilianus, who is
soon killed by his soldiers and succeeded by Vale-
riaij.
Eighth persecution of the Christians.
Valerian taken by Sapor king of Persia, by whom he
is kept prisoner, and at length flayed alive.
Gallienus succeeds Valerian. The thirty pretenders
to the empire called the thirty tyrants,
allienus killed by the soldiers and succeeded by
Claudius.
Claudius dies and is succeeded by Aurelian.
S"inth persecution of the Christians.
Zenobia defeated by Aurelian at Edessa. Age of
Longinus.
Aurelian killed and succeeded by Tacitus, who
Xlll
A.U.C.
B.C.
1035
282
1037
284
1039
286
1056
303
1057
304
1059
306
1065
1072
1077
1078
1081
312
319
324
325
328
1083
330
331
337
340
350
360
363
364
410
426
447
455
474
476
529
581
622
632
reigned only six months, and was succeeded bjr
Probus.
Probus killed by his soldiers and succeeded by Cams
and his two sons, Carinus and Numerianus.
Cams killed by lightning and succeeded by Diocle-
sian,. Carausius in Britain.
Dioclesian takes Maximianus as his partner in the
empire.
Tenth persecution of the Christians, which continues
ten years.
Dioclesian and Maximianus abdicate the empire, and
are succeeded by Constantius Chlorus and Gale-
rius.
Constantius dies, and is succeeded by his son Con-
stantine the Great.
Maxentius defeated and killed by Constantine.
Constantine begins to favour the Christians.
Licinius defeated and banished by Constantine.
The first general Council of Nice,
The seat of Empire removed from Rome to Constan-
tinople.
Solemn dedication of Constantinople.
Constantine orders all the heathen temples to be des-
troyed.
Death of Constantine and succession of his three sons,
Constantine, Constans, and Constantius,
Constantine killed by Constans at Aquileia.
Constans killed in Spain by Magnentius.
Death of Constantius: succession of Julian.
Death of Julian: succession of Jovian.
Death of Jovian. Division of the empire into Eastern
and Western; the former being governed by Va-