Thomas A. Smith.
Twelfth Annual Report of the Bureau of Statistics and Information of Maryland. 1903. Thomas A. Smith, Chief. (Volume 1904) online
. (page 15 of 30)
Online Library → Thomas A. Smith → Twelfth Annual Report of the Bureau of Statistics and Information of Maryland. 1903. Thomas A. Smith, Chief. (Volume 1904) → online text (page 15 of 30)
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120
1,200
1,800
48
1,800
1,800
75
4,800
4,200
1,800
2,500
8,000
200
75
100
65
100
85
80
50
175
1,000
tig
[20
600
600
475
375
100
100
65
100
125
50
20
50
[21
[22
[23
[24
[26
240
120
360
240
1,200
300
120
150
150
75
300
2,244
1.500
20
24
24
[27
150
?8
[29
[^0
200
70
90
200
175
160
200
263
400
150
100
50
30
50
25
75
400
30
100
50
70
100
60
250
200
100
141
300
300
300
300
600
300
J 50
r,5oo
[31
[32
C33
180
120
100
125
360
180
360
120
360
120
360
300
240
135
t36
[37
r^8
150
36
75
100
40
30
150
100
75
150
16
300
360
^39
[40
770
300
24
360
240
MT
I/]?.
250
100
1,200
1 ,800
360
120
M3
[44
240
96
48
600
120
150
150
36
36
12
i/]6
M7
360
1
30.413
13.903
1,495
38,130
35,285
18,972
775,147
3,553
150 REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF
DISTRIBUTION OF PRODUCT.
The product of these establishments is distributed in lour
different ways, namely: Through the shops where the
bakery is located, through hand or wagon delivery at the
homes of the people, or by being sold at other shops owned
by the bakery, or to other shop keepers. We have not tabu-
lated the products sold in other shops owned by the bakery
baking the product, nor the amount sold to other shop
keepers, because they are of small amounts, but have grouped
them in the small table that follows the table. We have,
however, brought together in tabular form how much is sold
in the shop at the bakery and the amount sold by hand and
wagon deliver5^ which very largely covers the entire product
of the 146 establishments.
The totals of these various deliveries need not be repeated
here, but suffice to say that nine-tenths of the entire product
of the bakeries of Baltimore is delivered by hand or by wagon
to the homes of the people, or is sold directly from the shops
to the consumer.
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION.
151
4)
a
Amount Soi i? in Shop at Bakery.
Amount Sold Through Hand and
Wagon Delivery.
1
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75
100
75
33
25
75
30
60
50
10
30
25
50
10
35
15
180
55
5
20
25
7
ICX)
75
12
75
325
50
40
100
50
40
50
45
75
65
100
10
50
75
50
300
25
75
30
40
10
70
20
15
50
150
10
50
20
125
2
6
30
105
50
4
30
75
5
25
50
60
75
25
55
25
15
50
10
25
10
25
500
"8
12
600
120
120
240
240
360
300
'"60
120
"'"60
""60
24
144
96
"i56
240
48
144
460
340
240
150
120
180
120
360
72
180
240
i8c
30
40
24
18
40
...
12
18
120
480
360
372
420
""60
120
180
36
324
144
«50
312
120
228
360
2
180
100
125
67
55
125
50
250
10
75
100
550
40
125
175
40
150
20
120
24
3
4
5
6
10
20
15
40
240
360
3° i
20 1
1
7
8
.....„^
9
10
II
120
144
120
120
156
120
12
13
14
15
t6
1
3%'
50
10
65
20
150
10
70
40
3^
17
t8
1... .
19
20
60
15
21
22
84
48
"96
156
96
180
30
72
300
120
600
180
120
72
24
48
180
5
170
10
19
55
276
96
â– â– â– 36
15
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
56
37
38
39
4C
41
20
13
200
25
38
6
70
25
15
324
204
1
84
2T6
300
180
144
144
144
72
8
10
II
10
8
8
10
156
17
90
960
34
54
50
50
100
250
125
15
225
175
75
5
150
90
72
i>^
72
300
444
12
15
25
15
13
4
50
24
396
156
24
75
5
37
240
600
600
75
240
50
152
RErcn^T OF THE BUREAU OF
J Amount Sold in Shop at Bakery.
W
42! 6
43J 15
44, 120
45; 50
46; 60
4/1 225
481 15
49! 100
50 10
51
52
53 40
541 100
55 15
56 100
57 20
58
59 27
6oj 100
61 100
62 100
631
64I 100
65, 152
66! 12
25
200
30
30
30
18
80
45
250
100
17
15
100
20
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
CU
10
20
100
50
35
50
75
50
25
25
20
80
15
20
25
180
168
120
144
120
480
144
60
600
120
120
180
240
192
120
180
240
180
120
48
96
60
72
120
144
300
72
300
60
240
144
120
60
180
60
bo
480
120
84
168
240
120
72
36
60
. 24
72
240
24
120
60
180
360
144
600
240
600
Amount Sold Through Hand and
Wagon Delivery.
3
12
18
2
22K
40
8
40
30
50
35
35
25
87K
10
20
25
30
120
480
"60
360
96
180
120
"60
15
60
12
50
50
25
2>^
15
24
72
35
50
25
225
100
100
155
128
160
200
38
48
50
100
70
120
90
510
300
33
10
700
55
ID
100
^4
15
20
125
5
75
120
25
30
40
180
10
150
60
25
175
50
60
480
"60
1,200
60
480
180
120
480
84
132
144
120
900
72
120 60
60
60
360
300
360
720
60 120
120' 120
a
2
15
35
40
16
20
150
10
25
15
480
156
72
600
552
180
180
204
240
60
15
15
25
35
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION.
153
Amount vSold in vShoi' at
IUkicky.
Amount Soij> Tiirovcu Hand
Wagon DkIvIVERY.
AND
.2
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20
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a ^
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PU [ PLi
83
84
85
86
100
50
100
100
15
25
10
25
5
1;
28
50
30
15
20
10
50
90
120
80
50
25
25
15
30
6
20
25
20
15
750
200
50
25
65
50
100
50
50
10
50
10
25
10
25
10
20
15
130
10
40
20
25
20
25
15
50
35
30
14
10
14
50
125
25
75
25
65
50
15
20
50
12
25
90
120
360
300
120
60
48
120
96
96
120
240
120
144
204
144
180
60
288
600
"â– 36
120
144
"60
300
900
600
420
120
240
60
300
180
240
60
300
"60
300
300
\50
300
50
280
ft.
75
"60
180
360
120
120
72
180
"180
60
"60
840
600
180
120
240
60
1
S7
88
59
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
100
85
25
90
24ri
180
372
1
25
10
10
5
10
25
30
150
75
75
40
20
45
10
25
50
35
24
120
60
48
36
84
120
36
96
96
180
180
36
120
120
1
48
i
2AO
4
lOI
102
103
104
105
106
48
600
4
50
5
15
2
5
12
3K
84
132
600
II
25
180
15
240
107
108
109
no
220
220
III
48
120
130
10
2000
250
25
330
15
112
113
114
"5
116
117
tt8
24
432
900
9<
30
3^
94
III
24
1200
600
600
150
86
25
15
119
120
25
75
50
25
75
50
ID
121
122
123
120
15
"180
154
RF.PORT OF THIv BUREAU OF
a
a
Amount Sold in Shop at Bakery.
Amount Sold Through Hand and
Wagon Deiiivery.
in
(0
o
u
a
3
ca
(0
0)
>
60
60
50
87
125
70
20
200
75
60
100
100
400
50
50
50
30
20
10
75
125
30
25
6
tn
>
ca
75
30
20
25
30
70
25
60
100
75
50
41
25
50
40
30
50
25
75
50
16
100
"a
u
"&â–
3
s
(0
>
25
75
25
to
a
s
pq
tn
«
60
240
240
600
180
300
120
300
120
120
120
120
120
120
360
360
48
300
en
y
M
en
V
y
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60
120
120
180
240
240
120
300
13074
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tn
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y
124
125
60
10
20
75
75
ID
15
24
75
100
36
12
36
36
12
25
20
50
20
100
175
75
890
10
9
126
T27
T28
360
75
70
20
75
129
130
240
20
10
75
131
96
120
7
132
133
100
100
100
163
150
125
50
100
134
96
120
120
180
135
T3<^
120
137
7/2
T3«
100
50
30
15
50
50
100
75
240
139
140
25
20
25
12
360
240
141
142
300
600
360
120
900
1200
143
144
120
20
10
T-IS
275
100
146
147
180
75
200
6400
180
9255
5434
919
20598
13868
9432
2022^
S04
11118
10344
6848
1227^
319
STATISTICS AND INl-ORM ATION.
155
In addition to amounts indicated in the table above, as
sold in the shops at the bakery and delivered by hand and
wagon to the consumer, the following amounts were sold in
other shops owned by the bakery and to other shopkeepers.
These figures are not very full, but it is well that they be
considered in connection with the table above:
AMOUNT SOLD IN OTHER SHOPS OWNED BY BAKERY.
Number.
^3
CD
h4
CO
CO .
Dougnuts
Pieces.
Cakes,
Pounds.
Pies,
Pieces.
75
88
400
250
125
250
88
roo
75
45
25
720
6co
120
60
600
1,200
720
840
720
277
50
125
92
115
127
128
168
56
75
25
75
Total. ..
1,113
245
2,100
2,088
1,560
483
200
AMOUNTS SOLD TO OTHER SHOPKEEPERS,
ii
*j CO
(0
Pumper-
nickel
Loaves.
CI <D
i"cn-
co"
S en
J CJ
bcv
Q
- CO
en f^
-^ 5
- (0
CO t(
41
63
75
83
86
30
25
400
20
450
100
68
120
420
720
1,200
2,580
1,200
840
196
48,333K
75
125
500
150
50
25
190
225
10
360
276
1,620
87
90
91
100
45
50
25
90
20
125
600
10
1%
68
720
300
116
300
300
45
117
118
2,500
8,000
1,000
...
Total....
9.215
2,220
351
1,800
8,496
1,140
48,333 >^
2.625
Kstablishment No. 20 reports that it sells $115,000 worth
to other shopkeepers, but gives no detail.
AGRICULTURE.
In the three next preceding reports are various articles
on special advantages offered by Maryland for agriculture
and horticulture, together with itemized tabulated statements
of the cost of production, showing prices obtained and profits
realized. These articles and statements, though conservative,
have been the means of bringing desirable settlers to the State.
Because of this fact, and the desirability of having our farming
sections subdivided by increased agricultural population, it is
thought wise to republish some of these articles in a condensed
and recapitulated form, showing cost of production, etc., on the
farm. Since the publication of the Eleventh Annual Report
it has been the pleasure and privilege of the writer to visit a
farm of fifteen acres, managed and worked under highly
intelligent and intensive culture. Without going into minor
details, will state that about four acres of this fifteen are used
for buildings, yards and roadways, leaving about eleven acres
for actual cultivation. On this farm is twenty-nine head of
cattle, two horses and implements of modern pattern necessary
for working same. This farm and stock, under the direction
of an intelligent owner, is worked and handled by one man and
a bo}^ well paid, except that when filling soil, extra labor is
employed. Of course, from the number of cows, it will be
readily understood that this is a dairy farm. Everything used
for the support of these cattle is grown on the farm, except
bran, brewer sprouts and meals.
Frequently three crops of full grown timothy hay are mown
from the same land in one year. The first cutting, season of
1903, from a lot of two and one-half acres yielded thirteen
full two-horse wagon loads, and made a rick forty-two feet
long, twelve feet wide and as high as a man could pitch from
the wagon with a long-handled fork. In walking over the
stubble of this timothy patch, in the latter part of November
last, the new growth was so even and so thicklv matted on
158 REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF
the ground that not only was there not a stubble visible, but so
soft was the tread that one could compare it to walking upon
a rich velvet carpet of a handsomely furnished drawing-room.
This gentleman and his family, from the proceeds of this
farm, are supplied with all the necessary comforts of life and
a constantly increasing bank account at the same time.
Another instance of intensive high culture and intelligent
management that came under my observation and attention was
the purchasing of six lots, aggregating less than one and one-
half acres, by a party for $500, in a village of my own (Car-
oline) county. This land was in a good state of cultivation,
but was not highly improved.
It was planted in strawberries, and the first crop year the
berries therefrom shipped to New York markets rewarded
the intelligent management of this little farm by an income
of $1,132, from which deduct the amount of $273.82 for labor,
phosphate, interest on investment, etc., and you have a net
income of $858.18. This statement and these figures were
not tabulated or mentioned in previous reports of this Bureau
because of the incredulity of the average casual reader, and I
do not now insert them simply to show possibilities by a sys-
tem of intensive culture, but for the purpose of presenting
it as a partial solution of the labor trouble and for the im-
provement of the social and financial condition of the laborer,
as well as the entire community.
The cities are very much congested with persons, compara-
tively without means, and who are living ' 'from hand to mouth, "
and in many cases are eking out an existence, while there is
plenty of opportunity for independence and competency to the
man of industr}-, who is willing to use his brain as well as
his brawn.
In the following recapitulation of costs, gross receipts and
profits of certain productions of Maryland soils (fully item-
ized and elaborated in the Bureau's reports of 1901-2} , the
same conservative lines will be followed, no attempt being made
at intensiveness. Comparisons will be made with results from
lands under ordinary and highly improved cultivation, and an
acre will be taken as the unit.
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION.
RECAPITULATION.
159
Commodity.
Land Under Ordinary
Cultivation.
Land Under Highly
Improved Cultivation
Total
Cost.
Wheat
Corn
Oats
Hay
Tobacco
White Potatoes..
Sweet Potatoes...
Peas
Tomatoes
Cantaloupes
Strawberries
Lucretia D e w -
berries
Apples
Pears
Average cost,
gross receipts
and net profit
per acre of the
14 commodities
above enumer-
ated
10 10
9 40
6 82
34 50
25 95
29 05
23 82
17 95
21 95
86 87
84 77
30 20
24 30
I416 83
Gross
Recp'ts
$13 18
23 70
12 00
12 50
45 50
50 00
74 80
45 00
30 00
62 50
122 50
130 00
45 00
52 50
Net
Profit.
|2 03
13 60
2 60
5 68
11 00
24 05
45 75
21 18
12 05
40 55
35 63
Total
Cost.
Gross Net
Receipts. Profit.
15
12
16
52
40
30
36
31
61
182
rig 18
45 23 105 40
14 80 49 80
28 20 ! 48 90
$302 35 $699 41
I29 77
)i 37
|2I 60
f 49 96
Wi 20
55 00
21, 40
30 00
91 00
100 00
150 00
90 00
70 00
250 CO
260 00
195 00
90 00
120 00
Si, 553 60
$16 50
39 60
8 70
13 08
38 73
59 75
119 35
53 08
38 75
188 30
77 45
89 60
40 20
71 10
19
$110 97
There are many other fruits, grains and vegetables, besides
those enumerated in the above table, that can be and are grown
here with as much satisfaction and profit as those mentioned
in the above recapitulation, but not having tabulated them,
could not at this time properly include them in this exposi-
tion. Among those omissions are all manner and kinds of
vegetables, grown anywhere else in this country, as well as
apricots, raspberries, cranberries, whortleberries (commonly
called huckleberries), cherries, plums, etc., in varieties almost
without number, many of which grow wild and can be had for
the gathering of them.
The luscious peach, and as fine as is grown in the known
world, is also a profitable production in all sections of Mary-
land.
l6o REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF
An analysis of the above figures shows the average cost,
gross receipts and net profits per acre of the combined commo-
dities to be $29.77, $51.37 and $21.60, respectively, on land
under ordinary state of cultivation ; and that under a highly
improved condition to average $49.96, $110.97 and $61, respect-
ively. This should clearly demonstrate the utility of the highly
improved cultivation, as well as the great advantages of diver-
sification of crops. The former should, as far as possible,
be raised from a highly improved condition to the intensive,
as the ratio of increase in net profits would be greater than that
between the ordinary and the highly improved. The latter
has been advocated and practiced by the writer for some time,
and in the preceding reports dwelt upon. It is generally
recognized by those who have an opportunity to know, that
Maryland, because of her geographical position and climatic
influences, offers greater opportunities for the successful and
profitable growth of diversified crops than any other State in
the Union.
Everything in the shape of grasses, grains, fruits and veg-
etables flourish in Maryland soil, hence the greatest possibility
for diversification exists, the advantages of which are well
understood by the intelligent farmer, and the masses are begin-
ning to realize that if the year's planting is confined to one or
two crops, and the season should prove unfavorable to them,
their balance would be small, if indeed, not on the wrong side
of the account.
The farmer who plants annually the variety of crops named
in the preceding recapitulated table, or such of them as com-
mend themselves to his markets and tastes of culture, and are
within the scope of his ability to properly cultivate and handle,
cannot have a total failure any year, because there is never
a season in this State so unpropitious but that most of these
crops mature and are profitable, and when the season is favor-
able to all of them, there can be no mistake on account of
diver.sitv.
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION.
i6i
ACREAGE, PRODUCTION AND VALUE
OF
PRINCIPAL FARM PRODUCTS IN MARYLAND
FOR 1903.
The acreage of corn decreased about 6,000 acres in 1903,
as compared with 1902, and the production was less by nearly
three million bushels. This was due to a reduction in its
yield per acre of 3.7 bushels, as well as the smaller acreage,
but the acreage of wheat was greater by 52,577 acres, though
the yield per acre was less than in 1902 by 2.2 bushels. The
price per bushel for corn in 1903 was the same as in 1902, but
the price of wheat was seven cents higher in 1903 than in
1902. Some of the other staple Maryland crops show a
decrease also, but on the whole the year was an average one.
The following table shows the production and value of the
principal Maryland crops other than fruits and vegetables:
Corn ;.
Wheat
Oats
Barley
Rye
Buckwheat
Potatoes (while
Hay (tons)
Tobacco (lbs.)..
Yield
Acreage.
Per Acre,
Bushels.
622,692
28.7
809,667
12.5
38,340
20.6
1.544
25-9
20,732
13-7
8,374
16.3
28,513
70.0
295,161
Tons 1.24
33,059
Lbs. 650 â–
i
Total Price
Production Per
Bushels. Bushel.
17,871,260
10,120,838
789,804
39,990
284,028
136,496
1,995,910
366,000
21,488,350
* .51
•79
.40
.50
•59
•63
.60
Ton 14.02
Lb. 5-5
Total
Value.
,114,343
,995,462
315,922
19,995
167,577
85,992
,197,546
,131,320
,181,859
l62
REPORT OP THE BUREAU OE
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MARYLAND AND ITS COUNTIES.
Maryland, one of the original thirteen States, has a history
replete with interest to all students of American history, but
in this work of reviewing the counties of the State, their
resources, advantages and enterprises, it is not necessary to
discuss this very interesting history.
It was in the year 1524 that the first European, Lucas Vas-
quez d'Ayllon, entered the Chesapeake Bay, no years before
the settlement of Mar}dand, which, according to history
occurred on March 25, 1634, on the banks of the St. Mary's
river, now included in St. Mary's county.
On the 1 6th of June, 1632, the patent was signed by King
James I, which gave all that territory and much more, now
known as Maryland, to Cecilius Calvert, Baron of Baltimore.
The province was named Terra Marise, that is, Maryland,
in honor of his queen, Henrietta Marise.
The original boundaries of Maryland are thus described in
McMahon's "History of Maryland:"
"All that part of the Peninsula or Chersonese, lying in the
parts of America between the ocean on the east, and the bay
of Chesapeake on the west, divided from the residue thereof
by a right line drawn from the promontory or head land,
called Watkins' Point, situated upon the bay aforesaid, and
near the river of Weighco on the west, unto the main ocean
1,200
1,800
48
1,800
1,800
75
4,800
4,200
1,800
2,500
8,000
200
75
100
65
100
85
80
50
175
1,000
tig
[20
600
600
475
375
100
100
65
100
125
50
20
50
[21
[22
[23
[24
[26
240
120
360
240
1,200
300
120
150
150
75
300
2,244
1.500
20
24
24
[27
150
?8
[29
[^0
200
70
90
200
175
160
200
263
400
150
100
50
30
50
25
75
400
30
100
50
70
100
60
250
200
100
141
300
300
300
300
600
300
J 50
r,5oo
[31
[32
C33
180
120
100
125
360
180
360
120
360
120
360
300
240
135
t36
[37
r^8
150
36
75
100
40
30
150
100
75
150
16
300
360
^39
[40
770
300
24
360
240
MT
I/]?.
250
100
1,200
1 ,800
360
120
M3
[44
240
96
48
600
120
150
150
36
36
12
i/]6
M7
360
1
30.413
13.903
1,495
38,130
35,285
18,972
775,147
3,553
150 REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF
DISTRIBUTION OF PRODUCT.
The product of these establishments is distributed in lour
different ways, namely: Through the shops where the
bakery is located, through hand or wagon delivery at the
homes of the people, or by being sold at other shops owned
by the bakery, or to other shop keepers. We have not tabu-
lated the products sold in other shops owned by the bakery
baking the product, nor the amount sold to other shop
keepers, because they are of small amounts, but have grouped
them in the small table that follows the table. We have,
however, brought together in tabular form how much is sold
in the shop at the bakery and the amount sold by hand and
wagon deliver5^ which very largely covers the entire product
of the 146 establishments.
The totals of these various deliveries need not be repeated
here, but suffice to say that nine-tenths of the entire product
of the bakeries of Baltimore is delivered by hand or by wagon
to the homes of the people, or is sold directly from the shops
to the consumer.
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION.
151
4)
a
Amount Soi i? in Shop at Bakery.
Amount Sold Through Hand and
Wagon Delivery.
1
w
♦J
V
(0
HI
>
h4
Pi
at
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cd
in
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a
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cd
CI
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cd
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u
ft
a
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10
CI
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20
17
10
a
s
w
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u
V
(0
â– 3
in
3
CO
CI
V
i
a
bJO
3
Q
CO
CI
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it
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cd
CO
Pl*
u
s
CO
V
u
I
75
100
75
33
25
75
30
60
50
10
30
25
50
10
35
15
180
55
5
20
25
7
ICX)
75
12
75
325
50
40
100
50
40
50
45
75
65
100
10
50
75
50
300
25
75
30
40
10
70
20
15
50
150
10
50
20
125
2
6
30
105
50
4
30
75
5
25
50
60
75
25
55
25
15
50
10
25
10
25
500
"8
12
600
120
120
240
240
360
300
'"60
120
"'"60
""60
24
144
96
"i56
240
48
144
460
340
240
150
120
180
120
360
72
180
240
i8c
30
40
24
18
40
...
12
18
120
480
360
372
420
""60
120
180
36
324
144
«50
312
120
228
360
2
180
100
125
67
55
125
50
250
10
75
100
550
40
125
175
40
150
20
120
24
3
4
5
6
10
20
15
40
240
360
3° i
20 1
1
7
8
.....„^
9
10
II
120
144
120
120
156
120
12
13
14
15
t6
1
3%'
50
10
65
20
150
10
70
40
3^
17
t8
1... .
19
20
60
15
21
22
84
48
"96
156
96
180
30
72
300
120
600
180
120
72
24
48
180
5
170
10
19
55
276
96
â– â– â– 36
15
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
56
37
38
39
4C
41
20
13
200
25
38
6
70
25
15
324
204
1
84
2T6
300
180
144
144
144
72
8
10
II
10
8
8
10
156
17
90
960
34
54
50
50
100
250
125
15
225
175
75
5
150
90
72
i>^
72
300
444
12
15
25
15
13
4
50
24
396
156
24
75
5
37
240
600
600
75
240
50
152
RErcn^T OF THE BUREAU OF
J Amount Sold in Shop at Bakery.
W
42! 6
43J 15
44, 120
45; 50
46; 60
4/1 225
481 15
49! 100
50 10
51
52
53 40
541 100
55 15
56 100
57 20
58
59 27
6oj 100
61 100
62 100
631
64I 100
65, 152
66! 12
25
200
30
30
30
18
80
45
250
100
17
15
100
20
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
CU
10
20
100
50
35
50
75
50
25
25
20
80
15
20
25
180
168
120
144
120
480
144
60
600
120
120
180
240
192
120
180
240
180
120
48
96
60
72
120
144
300
72
300
60
240
144
120
60
180
60
bo
480
120
84
168
240
120
72
36
60
. 24
72
240
24
120
60
180
360
144
600
240
600
Amount Sold Through Hand and
Wagon Delivery.
3
12
18
2
22K
40
8
40
30
50
35
35
25
87K
10
20
25
30
120
480
"60
360
96
180
120
"60
15
60
12
50
50
25
2>^
15
24
72
35
50
25
225
100
100
155
128
160
200
38
48
50
100
70
120
90
510
300
33
10
700
55
ID
100
^4
15
20
125
5
75
120
25
30
40
180
10
150
60
25
175
50
60
480
"60
1,200
60
480
180
120
480
84
132
144
120
900
72
120 60
60
60
360
300
360
720
60 120
120' 120
a
2
15
35
40
16
20
150
10
25
15
480
156
72
600
552
180
180
204
240
60
15
15
25
35
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION.
153
Amount vSold in vShoi' at
IUkicky.
Amount Soij> Tiirovcu Hand
Wagon DkIvIVERY.
AND
.2
en
V
a
pi
a
V
in
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tn
OJ
t-
CS
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i-i
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Pl.
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>
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en
pq
(n
a<
u
5
tn
u
W
<u
(n
"3
bc
Q
tn
u
Pm
tn
(LI
M
CJ
en
(U
CJ
i!
TOO
20
50
20
25
en
en
01
CJ
5
V
en
<Ll
h4
6
en
(U
1
P^
en
eu
a
J
en
c
3
en
<u
u
(LI
en
• t^
3
en
m
(n
V
ej
(U
Pu
"So
3
Q
CO
<u
en
9)
0) ^
fO 0)
a ^
.2
PU [ PLi
83
84
85
86
100
50
100
100
15
25
10
25
5
1;
28
50
30
15
20
10
50
90
120
80
50
25
25
15
30
6
20
25
20
15
750
200
50
25
65
50
100
50
50
10
50
10
25
10
25
10
20
15
130
10
40
20
25
20
25
15
50
35
30
14
10
14
50
125
25
75
25
65
50
15
20
50
12
25
90
120
360
300
120
60
48
120
96
96
120
240
120
144
204
144
180
60
288
600
"â– 36
120
144
"60
300
900
600
420
120
240
60
300
180
240
60
300
"60
300
300
\50
300
50
280
ft.
75
"60
180
360
120
120
72
180
"180
60
"60
840
600
180
120
240
60
1
S7
88
59
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
100
85
25
90
24ri
180
372
1
25
10
10
5
10
25
30
150
75
75
40
20
45
10
25
50
35
24
120
60
48
36
84
120
36
96
96
180
180
36
120
120
1
48
i
2AO
4
lOI
102
103
104
105
106
48
600
4
50
5
15
2
5
12
3K
84
132
600
II
25
180
15
240
107
108
109
no
220
220
III
48
120
130
10
2000
250
25
330
15
112
113
114
"5
116
117
tt8
24
432
900
9<
30
3^
94
III
24
1200
600
600
150
86
25
15
119
120
25
75
50
25
75
50
ID
121
122
123
120
15
"180
154
RF.PORT OF THIv BUREAU OF
a
a
Amount Sold in Shop at Bakery.
Amount Sold Through Hand and
Wagon Deiiivery.
in
(0
o
u
a
3
ca
(0
0)
>
60
60
50
87
125
70
20
200
75
60
100
100
400
50
50
50
30
20
10
75
125
30
25
6
tn
>
ca
75
30
20
25
30
70
25
60
100
75
50
41
25
50
40
30
50
25
75
50
16
100
"a
u
"&â–
3
s
(0
>
25
75
25
to
a
s
pq
tn
«
60
240
240
600
180
300
120
300
120
120
120
120
120
120
360
360
48
300
en
y
M
en
V
y
"5
w
Q
en
H
u
V
CI
a
U
en
n
a
Ph
tn
a
K
tn
HI
<u
en
(LI
>
CS
tn
tA
1-r
a
u
Ph
3
a
Q-,
tn
41
>
a
h4
en
a
a
PQ
tn
(U
y
a
60
120
120
180
240
240
120
300
13074
i
"B
y
.2
pq
tn
m
y
_y
60
1 <n
a
a
•a
bp
Q
en
i<
y
Pu
en
en
a
PL,
tn
V
en
(U
y
124
125
60
10
20
75
75
ID
15
24
75
100
36
12
36
36
12
25
20
50
20
100
175
75
890
10
9
126
T27
T28
360
75
70
20
75
129
130
240
20
10
75
131
96
120
7
132
133
100
100
100
163
150
125
50
100
134
96
120
120
180
135
T3<^
120
137
7/2
T3«
100
50
30
15
50
50
100
75
240
139
140
25
20
25
12
360
240
141
142
300
600
360
120
900
1200
143
144
120
20
10
T-IS
275
100
146
147
180
75
200
6400
180
9255
5434
919
20598
13868
9432
2022^
S04
11118
10344
6848
1227^
319
STATISTICS AND INl-ORM ATION.
155
In addition to amounts indicated in the table above, as
sold in the shops at the bakery and delivered by hand and
wagon to the consumer, the following amounts were sold in
other shops owned by the bakery and to other shopkeepers.
These figures are not very full, but it is well that they be
considered in connection with the table above:
AMOUNT SOLD IN OTHER SHOPS OWNED BY BAKERY.
Number.
^3
CD
h4
CO
CO .
Dougnuts
Pieces.
Cakes,
Pounds.
Pies,
Pieces.
75
88
400
250
125
250
88
roo
75
45
25
720
6co
120
60
600
1,200
720
840
720
277
50
125
92
115
127
128
168
56
75
25
75
Total. ..
1,113
245
2,100
2,088
1,560
483
200
AMOUNTS SOLD TO OTHER SHOPKEEPERS,
ii
*j CO
(0
Pumper-
nickel
Loaves.
CI <D
i"cn-
co"
S en
J CJ
bcv
Q
- CO
en f^
-^ 5
- (0
CO t(
41
63
75
83
86
30
25
400
20
450
100
68
120
420
720
1,200
2,580
1,200
840
196
48,333K
75
125
500
150
50
25
190
225
10
360
276
1,620
87
90
91
100
45
50
25
90
20
125
600
10
1%
68
720
300
116
300
300
45
117
118
2,500
8,000
1,000
...
Total....
9.215
2,220
351
1,800
8,496
1,140
48,333 >^
2.625
Kstablishment No. 20 reports that it sells $115,000 worth
to other shopkeepers, but gives no detail.
AGRICULTURE.
In the three next preceding reports are various articles
on special advantages offered by Maryland for agriculture
and horticulture, together with itemized tabulated statements
of the cost of production, showing prices obtained and profits
realized. These articles and statements, though conservative,
have been the means of bringing desirable settlers to the State.
Because of this fact, and the desirability of having our farming
sections subdivided by increased agricultural population, it is
thought wise to republish some of these articles in a condensed
and recapitulated form, showing cost of production, etc., on the
farm. Since the publication of the Eleventh Annual Report
it has been the pleasure and privilege of the writer to visit a
farm of fifteen acres, managed and worked under highly
intelligent and intensive culture. Without going into minor
details, will state that about four acres of this fifteen are used
for buildings, yards and roadways, leaving about eleven acres
for actual cultivation. On this farm is twenty-nine head of
cattle, two horses and implements of modern pattern necessary
for working same. This farm and stock, under the direction
of an intelligent owner, is worked and handled by one man and
a bo}^ well paid, except that when filling soil, extra labor is
employed. Of course, from the number of cows, it will be
readily understood that this is a dairy farm. Everything used
for the support of these cattle is grown on the farm, except
bran, brewer sprouts and meals.
Frequently three crops of full grown timothy hay are mown
from the same land in one year. The first cutting, season of
1903, from a lot of two and one-half acres yielded thirteen
full two-horse wagon loads, and made a rick forty-two feet
long, twelve feet wide and as high as a man could pitch from
the wagon with a long-handled fork. In walking over the
stubble of this timothy patch, in the latter part of November
last, the new growth was so even and so thicklv matted on
158 REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF
the ground that not only was there not a stubble visible, but so
soft was the tread that one could compare it to walking upon
a rich velvet carpet of a handsomely furnished drawing-room.
This gentleman and his family, from the proceeds of this
farm, are supplied with all the necessary comforts of life and
a constantly increasing bank account at the same time.
Another instance of intensive high culture and intelligent
management that came under my observation and attention was
the purchasing of six lots, aggregating less than one and one-
half acres, by a party for $500, in a village of my own (Car-
oline) county. This land was in a good state of cultivation,
but was not highly improved.
It was planted in strawberries, and the first crop year the
berries therefrom shipped to New York markets rewarded
the intelligent management of this little farm by an income
of $1,132, from which deduct the amount of $273.82 for labor,
phosphate, interest on investment, etc., and you have a net
income of $858.18. This statement and these figures were
not tabulated or mentioned in previous reports of this Bureau
because of the incredulity of the average casual reader, and I
do not now insert them simply to show possibilities by a sys-
tem of intensive culture, but for the purpose of presenting
it as a partial solution of the labor trouble and for the im-
provement of the social and financial condition of the laborer,
as well as the entire community.
The cities are very much congested with persons, compara-
tively without means, and who are living ' 'from hand to mouth, "
and in many cases are eking out an existence, while there is
plenty of opportunity for independence and competency to the
man of industr}-, who is willing to use his brain as well as
his brawn.
In the following recapitulation of costs, gross receipts and
profits of certain productions of Maryland soils (fully item-
ized and elaborated in the Bureau's reports of 1901-2} , the
same conservative lines will be followed, no attempt being made
at intensiveness. Comparisons will be made with results from
lands under ordinary and highly improved cultivation, and an
acre will be taken as the unit.
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION.
RECAPITULATION.
159
Commodity.
Land Under Ordinary
Cultivation.
Land Under Highly
Improved Cultivation
Total
Cost.
Wheat
Corn
Oats
Hay
Tobacco
White Potatoes..
Sweet Potatoes...
Peas
Tomatoes
Cantaloupes
Strawberries
Lucretia D e w -
berries
Apples
Pears
Average cost,
gross receipts
and net profit
per acre of the
14 commodities
above enumer-
ated
10 10
9 40
6 82
34 50
25 95
29 05
23 82
17 95
21 95
86 87
84 77
30 20
24 30
I416 83
Gross
Recp'ts
$13 18
23 70
12 00
12 50
45 50
50 00
74 80
45 00
30 00
62 50
122 50
130 00
45 00
52 50
Net
Profit.
|2 03
13 60
2 60
5 68
11 00
24 05
45 75
21 18
12 05
40 55
35 63
Total
Cost.
Gross Net
Receipts. Profit.
15
12
16
52
40
30
36
31
61
182
rig 18
45 23 105 40
14 80 49 80
28 20 ! 48 90
$302 35 $699 41
I29 77
)i 37
|2I 60
f 49 96
Wi 20
55 00
21, 40
30 00
91 00
100 00
150 00
90 00
70 00
250 CO
260 00
195 00
90 00
120 00
Si, 553 60
$16 50
39 60
8 70
13 08
38 73
59 75
119 35
53 08
38 75
188 30
77 45
89 60
40 20
71 10
19
$110 97
There are many other fruits, grains and vegetables, besides
those enumerated in the above table, that can be and are grown
here with as much satisfaction and profit as those mentioned
in the above recapitulation, but not having tabulated them,
could not at this time properly include them in this exposi-
tion. Among those omissions are all manner and kinds of
vegetables, grown anywhere else in this country, as well as
apricots, raspberries, cranberries, whortleberries (commonly
called huckleberries), cherries, plums, etc., in varieties almost
without number, many of which grow wild and can be had for
the gathering of them.
The luscious peach, and as fine as is grown in the known
world, is also a profitable production in all sections of Mary-
land.
l6o REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF
An analysis of the above figures shows the average cost,
gross receipts and net profits per acre of the combined commo-
dities to be $29.77, $51.37 and $21.60, respectively, on land
under ordinary state of cultivation ; and that under a highly
improved condition to average $49.96, $110.97 and $61, respect-
ively. This should clearly demonstrate the utility of the highly
improved cultivation, as well as the great advantages of diver-
sification of crops. The former should, as far as possible,
be raised from a highly improved condition to the intensive,
as the ratio of increase in net profits would be greater than that
between the ordinary and the highly improved. The latter
has been advocated and practiced by the writer for some time,
and in the preceding reports dwelt upon. It is generally
recognized by those who have an opportunity to know, that
Maryland, because of her geographical position and climatic
influences, offers greater opportunities for the successful and
profitable growth of diversified crops than any other State in
the Union.
Everything in the shape of grasses, grains, fruits and veg-
etables flourish in Maryland soil, hence the greatest possibility
for diversification exists, the advantages of which are well
understood by the intelligent farmer, and the masses are begin-
ning to realize that if the year's planting is confined to one or
two crops, and the season should prove unfavorable to them,
their balance would be small, if indeed, not on the wrong side
of the account.
The farmer who plants annually the variety of crops named
in the preceding recapitulated table, or such of them as com-
mend themselves to his markets and tastes of culture, and are
within the scope of his ability to properly cultivate and handle,
cannot have a total failure any year, because there is never
a season in this State so unpropitious but that most of these
crops mature and are profitable, and when the season is favor-
able to all of them, there can be no mistake on account of
diver.sitv.
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION.
i6i
ACREAGE, PRODUCTION AND VALUE
OF
PRINCIPAL FARM PRODUCTS IN MARYLAND
FOR 1903.
The acreage of corn decreased about 6,000 acres in 1903,
as compared with 1902, and the production was less by nearly
three million bushels. This was due to a reduction in its
yield per acre of 3.7 bushels, as well as the smaller acreage,
but the acreage of wheat was greater by 52,577 acres, though
the yield per acre was less than in 1902 by 2.2 bushels. The
price per bushel for corn in 1903 was the same as in 1902, but
the price of wheat was seven cents higher in 1903 than in
1902. Some of the other staple Maryland crops show a
decrease also, but on the whole the year was an average one.
The following table shows the production and value of the
principal Maryland crops other than fruits and vegetables:
Corn ;.
Wheat
Oats
Barley
Rye
Buckwheat
Potatoes (while
Hay (tons)
Tobacco (lbs.)..
Yield
Acreage.
Per Acre,
Bushels.
622,692
28.7
809,667
12.5
38,340
20.6
1.544
25-9
20,732
13-7
8,374
16.3
28,513
70.0
295,161
Tons 1.24
33,059
Lbs. 650 â–
i
Total Price
Production Per
Bushels. Bushel.
17,871,260
10,120,838
789,804
39,990
284,028
136,496
1,995,910
366,000
21,488,350
* .51
•79
.40
.50
•59
•63
.60
Ton 14.02
Lb. 5-5
Total
Value.
,114,343
,995,462
315,922
19,995
167,577
85,992
,197,546
,131,320
,181,859
l62
REPORT OP THE BUREAU OE
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MARYLAND AND ITS COUNTIES.
Maryland, one of the original thirteen States, has a history
replete with interest to all students of American history, but
in this work of reviewing the counties of the State, their
resources, advantages and enterprises, it is not necessary to
discuss this very interesting history.
It was in the year 1524 that the first European, Lucas Vas-
quez d'Ayllon, entered the Chesapeake Bay, no years before
the settlement of Mar}dand, which, according to history
occurred on March 25, 1634, on the banks of the St. Mary's
river, now included in St. Mary's county.
On the 1 6th of June, 1632, the patent was signed by King
James I, which gave all that territory and much more, now
known as Maryland, to Cecilius Calvert, Baron of Baltimore.
The province was named Terra Marise, that is, Maryland,
in honor of his queen, Henrietta Marise.
The original boundaries of Maryland are thus described in
McMahon's "History of Maryland:"
"All that part of the Peninsula or Chersonese, lying in the
parts of America between the ocean on the east, and the bay
of Chesapeake on the west, divided from the residue thereof
by a right line drawn from the promontory or head land,
called Watkins' Point, situated upon the bay aforesaid, and
near the river of Weighco on the west, unto the main ocean
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