Twelfth Annual Report of the Bureau of Statistics and Information of Maryland. 1903. Thomas A. Smith, Chief. (Volume 1904) online

a trading post on Watson's Island, in the Susquehanna, just prior to
1634.

Cecil is bounded on the east by Delaware, on the north by Pennsyl-
vania, on the west by the Susquehanna river and on the south by the
.Sassafras river, separating it from Kent County.



202 REPORT OP THE BUREAU OF

It has an area of 375 square miles, and is a prosperous, growing
county in agriculture and manufactures. The population of Cecil
County at the last census was 24,662, and its tax rate for 1903 is 90
cents.

Cecil County was named in honor of the second Lord Baron of
Baltimore, and was the tenth county in order of formation.

EDUCATION.

This county was one of the first to engage in school work. In 1723
the Legislature appointed a committee to open free schools. St.
Stephen's Church opened a public school in 1734 and the Friends'
Meeting House at Calvert, which was organized by William Penn
in 1702, shortly afterward opened a school. It was not until 1859,
however, that the system of free public schools was organized in the
county, antedating the public school system of the State by six years.
Among the prominent private schools in the county are the West
Nottingham Academy, opened in 1741, and the Tome Institute at
Port Deposit, endowed by the late Jacob Tome with several millions
of dollars.

LAND.

Cecil is one of the smaller counties, much of which, however, is
under water, being intersected by the North East, Elk and Bohemia
rivers. The surface throughout is rolling, and towards the Pennsyl-
vania line very hilly, thus giving considerable water power, which is
utilized very largely in manufactures.

INCORPORATED AND OTHER TOWNS.

Elkton is the county seat and the other incorporated towns are Port
Deposit, Chesapeake City, Perryville, Rising Sun, Cecilton, North East
and Charleston, while those not incorporated include Warwick, Fred-
erick, Earleville, Cherry Hill, Baldwin, Providence, Colora, Farmington,
Sylmar, Zion, Calvert, Principio, Leeds, Mechanics' Valley, Singerly,
Blithedale, Leslie, Furnace, Woodlawn, Oakwood, Conowingo, Bay
View, St. Augustine, Pilot, Childs, Fair Hill, Barksdale and Cowan-
town.

NATURAL ADVANTAGES.

The natural advantages of Cecil County are generally good soil,
adapted to farming, trucking and fruit growing, with considerable min-
eral resources in stone, clays, fair timber supply, very good water
power, and navigable streams, with a great shad and herring fishery.



STATISTICS AND INFORMATION. 203

TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES.

The transportation facilities are exceptionally good, consisting of the
P. B. & W. R. R., the Baltimore & Philadelphia, the Philadelphia &
Baltimore, the Central, and the Columbia & Port Deposit Railroads,
while the Susquehanna, Sassafras, Bohemia, North East and Elk
rivers, with the Delaware^ and Chesapeake Canal afford constant rail
and water transportation, with a considerable mileage of main and
minor public roads.

AGRICULTURE.

There are 1,633 farms, with an acreage of 200,629 acres reported
in the census for 1900 for Cecil County, and no doubt these figures
have been augmented considerably within the past four years.

The soil generally is fertile, varying from a yellow clay to a disin-
tegrated rock, and wheat, corn, hay, tomatoes and potatoes are largely
produced, in addition to which creamery products in great quantities
find their way to the markets of Philadelphia and Baltimore, the amount
of these being estimated at about $275,000 per annum. The hay crop
of Cecil County is noted as the highest grade in America, and is large
and remunerative.

MANUFACTURES.

The excellent water power of the county has been an incentive to
the establishmentjof numerous factories, including the third largest pulp
and paper mill in the United States, located at Elkton. The Principle
Company's Iron furnaces were at one time among the largest in
America. The water power is utilized by large cotton, flour, phosphate,
kaolin, paper, pulp, and other mills.

The stone quarried at Port Deposit is considerable, and make excel-
lent building material when polished, and is really excelled by no other
stone in the country.

According to an estimate made by one well versed in the condition
of the county and its products, the following figures, showing the value
of the yearly manufactures of the county, may be taken as nearly
correct :

Barge and Boatbuilding $150,000

Brick, Fire Brick, Clay, Minerals 300,000

Canned Goods 360,000

Cotton Cloths 75,000

Creamery Products 275,000

Fertilizers 325,000

Flour, Feed and Meal 500,000

I



204 REPORT oe THE BUREAU OF

I Iron Forgings and Castings 450,000

'' Lumber and Timber 300,000

Paper 600,000

Pulp 225,000

Quarried Stone 500,000

Miscellaneous ; 250,000

Total $4,310,000

Iron Castings, etc. — The Jas. F. Powers Foundry Companj'-, Elkton;
The B. C. Bibb Stove Company, Port Deposit — Number of employees,
80; value of total product, $100,000; capital invested, $119,200; amount
paid annually in wages, $43,237,

Flour, Feed and Meal — Geo. M. Christie, Rowlandville; Jethers,
Johnson & Company, Bay View; Armstrong, Squire & Company,
North East — Number of employees, 8; value of total product, $69,000;
capital invested, $23,000; amount paid annually in wages, $4,500.

Butter and Creamery Products — S. England & Son, Rising Sun;
Middleton Farms, Cecilton; Harmony Creamery, Sylmar — Number
of employees, 17; value of total product, $86,000; capital invested,
$17,000; amount paid annually in wages, $7,400.

Canned Goods — Wilson & Merritt, Warwick ; A. H. Owens &
Brothers, Perryville ; Ulary & McNamee, Elkneck ; Logan & Brothers,
W. T. Fryer, Colora — Number of employees, 240; value of total pro-
duct, $89,500; capital invested, $32,800; amount paid annually in
wages, $12,286.

Fertilizers — The Scott Fertilizer Company, Elkton ; The Eureka
Fertilizer Company, Perryville — Number of employees, 85 ; value of
total product, $250,000; capital invested, $175,000; amount paid annually
in wages, $28,000.

Paper, Pulp, etc. — Wm. T. West & Company, Rowlandville; C. S.
Garrett & Son Company, Childs — Number of employees, 170; value
of total product, $280,000; capital invested, $95,000; amount paid annu-
ally in wages, $33,000.

E. T. B. Day, oak and bamboo and baskets, Green Hill Fire Brick
Company, stove linings. North East ; Chas. L. Carter, binders and
boards, Singerly; Deibert & Wilson, turkey red and table damask,
Elkton; The Rowland Manufacturing Company, flooring and ceiling,
Port Deposit; Jos. S. Payne, Sons & Company, buggies and carriages,
Rising Sun — Number of employees, 122; value of total product,
$155,365; capital invested, $83,600; amount paid annually in wages,
$35,740.

Cheese, Butter, etc. — D. Evelin, Cherry Hill ; Chas. A. Kirk, Ches-
apeake City ; Elwood Balderston, Colora ; John H. Groves, Elkton.



STATISTICS AND INl'ORM ATION. 205

Cottbn Goods — Baldwin Manufacturing Company, Alfred Kershaw
& Company, Bank.

Flouring and Grist Mill Products— Whittaker Mill, Blythedale;
Eureka Flour Mills, Friendship Roller Mills, Calvert; Clayton Roller
.Mills, Chesapeake City; Wilna Roller Mills, Childs; E. A. Clendinen
& Brother, Colora; Cecil Roller Mills, Cowantown; William Freeman,
Barleville; Little Elk Mills, Rickett's Mill, Davis & Vinsinger,
Elkton; J. P. Kirk, Liberty Grove; Chas. S. F. Mearns, North East;
Rock Run Mills, Port Deposit; E. J. Jackson & Son, Principio; Rock
Valley Mills, Walnut Valley Mills, Providence; Jos. R Coates,
Richard's Mere; John A. Hunter, Stone Run Mill, Sycamore Mills,
Rising Sun ; Eureka Mills, Zion.

Brick and Tile — John Gilpin, Elkton.

Carriages and Wagons — James F. Rutter, Woodlawn.

Foundry and Machine Shop Products — Enterprise Machine Works,
Elkton; Armstrong Stove and Manufacturing Company, Perryville.

Canned Fruits and Vegetables — Baker & Arthur, Stanley Brothers,
Elkton ; John Futty, Jr., Elkneck ; Henry Deckman, W. Scott Hanby,
North East; John Whelan, Oakland; W. C. Andrews, Conowingo;
E. E. Dawson, Rockasprings ; W. A. Canaday, Iron Hill.

Lumber and Timber Products — Albert R. Strahorn, Appleton ; Thos.
H. Warburton, Bay View; A. Stanley & Brother, Elkton; Ed. H.
Strahorn, Fairhill ; Hardwood Lumber Company, North East ; Phillip
T. Bell, Oakwood; Locustdale Mills, Iven W. Richards, Octoraro;
Wm. T. West & Company, Rowlandsville ; Wm. P. Chubbs, Zion.

Marble and Stone Works — Wm. Gray & Sons, Aikin; McClanuahan
Granite Company, Port Deposit.

Monuments and Tombstones — Jos. PL Sloan, Elkton.

Paper and Wood Pulp — Jas. B- Ramsey & Son, Rising Sun ; Southern
Pulp Company, Kenmore Pulp and Paper Company, Elkton; Harlan's
New Leeds Mill, Leeds.

Potter}^, Terra Cotta and Fire Clay Products — Cecil Fire Brick Com-
pany, Wakefield Fire Brick Company, The United Fire Brick Company,
North East.

Illuminating and Heating Gas — Elkton Gaslight Company, Elkton.

Iron and Steel — Principio Forge Company, Principio Furnace.

Kaolin and other Earth Grindings — Harford County Flint Company,
Conowingo ; Maryland Clay Company, North East.

Printing and Publishing — Cecil County News, Cecil Democrat. Cecil
Whig, Elkton Appeal, Elkton; Cecil Star, North East; Port Deposit
Press, Port Deposit; Midland Journal, Rising Sun.

Saddlery and Harness — John W. Perkins & Company Wm. H. Cole,
Elkton.



2o6 REPORT OF THE BUREAU OE

Boat and Shipbuilding — Ed. Deibert & Brother, Henry Deibert,
Elkton.

Stationery Goods — J. H. White & Company, North East.

Tinsmithing, Coppersmithing and Sheet Iron Working — ^J. E. Alex-
ander & Son, H. R. Boulden, Elkton ; Richard B. Conrey, J. W.
Johnson & Son, Chesapeake City ; Stephenson & Reynolds, Port Deposit ;
Scott Wilson, Rising Sun.

Vinegar and Cider — Z. Gray & Son, Colora.

Woolen Goods — Providence Mills, Johnson & Son, Bay View.

DORCHESTER.

In the year 1669 Anthony LeCompte, a distinguished Frenchman, is
said to have entered the Choptank river with a few friends and settled
on the southern shores of the river at a place now known as Horn
Point. He is supposed to have been the first settler in Dorchester
County. A few years later he was followed by others, and so on until
the northern part soon became thickly populated.

There is very little known of the early history of the county prior to
the breaking out of the Revolutionary War, at which time local feeling
was divided between sympathy with the idea of the new republic and
allegiance to the mother country. However, many men from Dor-
chester County- enlisted in the American Army, as will appear from
the records now in possession of the Maryland Historical Society, and
gave of their lives and property to the cause. Since then the young men
of the county have time and again enlisted as soldiers in the country's
wars, and in many instances have been of signal service to the republic.

AREA, SOIL, ETC.

Dorchester County covers an area of 610 square miles, has a popula-
tion of 28,000 and a tax rate of $1.03 for 1903.

The surface of the county is slightly undulating, with but little ele-
vation, the highest point in the county being but thirty feet above the
sea level. That part bordering on the Chesapeake Bay and the inland
rivers and creeks is very low and marshy and is rapidly decreasing in
value. Small rivers and creeks penetrate far into the interior of the
county.

Wheat, corn, tomatoes, hay, melons, fruits and berries are the princi-
pal products of agriculture. Agriculture is the principal business of
the people, to which the advantages of the county are naturally adapted.
This is also true with the oyster business. There are many square
miles of river and bay bottoms close at hand, which the people work
during certain months of the year, and from which a large number of
people derive their living.



STATISTICS AND INFORMATION. 207

The soil is heavy in some portions, and light in others, the county
being well adapted to the raising of small fruits, berries, tomatoes, etc.

FARM STATISTICS.

The number of farms in this county is 2,074, the principal products
of which are cereals, hay, vegetables, fruits and melons. The esti-
mated value of these products amounted during the year of 1903 to
$1,347,650. The number of hands employed on said farms is 5,122 —
classing the tenants and employees, since it is now necessary that the
tenant must do a great deal of his own work, besides managing the
property.

INCORPORATED AND OTHER TOWNS.

The incorporated towns in this county are Cambridge, East New
Market, Hurlock and Secretary.

The other towns that are not incorporated are Vienna, Church Creek,
Madison, Taylor's Island, Linkwood, Williamsburg, Airey's, Reid's
Grove, Brookview, Eldorado, Drawbridge, Wingates.

TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES.

The transportation facilities through Dorchester County for reaching
the markets of the East, as well as Baltimore, are excellent, and in-
clude the Cambridge & Seaford Branch of the P., B. & W. Railroad,
B., C. & A. Railway, Eastern Shore Transportation Company, and other
packet vessels, with ample freight and passenger facilities.

INDUSTRIES.

Oyster taking, marketing and shipping enters largely into the daily
life of the people of this county, and makes one of its most important
industries. The number of persons engaged in catching, marketing,
shucking and planting of oysters is 5,541, including 925 men engaged
in shucking. 650 licenses were issued to dredgers, averaging five men
to each boat, and 1,266 tongers were reported as taking oysters during
the past season.

As far as ascertainable the total,, oyster pack for the season of 1902-3
was 477,843 bushels, the value of which was $248,843.

The following firms were engaged in packing oysters in Dorchester
County during the season: G. W. Woolford & Company, W. G. Win-
terbottom & Company, Tubman, Mills & Company, John H. Phillips,
I. L. Leonard & Company, J. C. Leonard & Company, H. L. Harris &
Company, Cambridge Packing Company, J. J. Phillips, Geo. M. Phillips
& Company, L. B. Phillips & Company, J. F. Adams, Wm. Price, W. E.
Blades, D. J. Murphy & Son, Eastside Packing Company.



2o8 REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF

FISH BUSINESS.

While the people of Dorchester County have been for years inter-
ested in the shipping of fish, yet not until recently have many given
the business the best of their time and attention. To-day this business
is a more important one than heretofore and is rapidly grov^^ing in pro-
portion.

A conservative estimate of the number of barrels of different kinds of
fish shipped annually from different points in this county puts it at
1,220 barrels, at a value of $11.00 per barrel, which makes a total of
$13,420. H. L. Harris & Company, J. H. Phillips & Company, C. Lee
Seward and C. H. Seward and Lewis Kemp are about the only firms
who make a business of buying and shipping fish, but there are at least
six hundred men engaged in the business, many of whom ship to the
markets their individual catch. There is no way to compute the ex-
tent of what this amounts to during a year. On account of the fact that
the men engaged in the business are otherwise employed in various
pursuits, there is no way of estimating the number of hours per day
each man works or the amount paid annually in wages.

TOMATO CANNING BUSINESS.

The number of cases of tomatoes, each containing two dozen cans,
packed in this county during the season of 1903 is reported as about
695,874, which is the largest amount that has ever been packed in this
county. The average value per dozen will amount to about 69 cents,
or 1960,106.12 for the whole output. The value of canning houses, fix-
tures and real estate in the county is $I33>257- The duration of the
"season varies from 50 to 55 days. The amount paid annually in wages
is about $62,820. The number of men, women and children engaged in
the business of packing the output — not counting the proprietors of
the different establishments — is 3,493.

The different firms engaged in the business are: James Wallace
Packing Company, T. M. Bramble & Company, Phillips Packing Com-
pany, W. W. Roberts & Company, the Hearn Company, Johnson &
Radcliffe, P. W. Moore & Son, all of Cambridge ; Carmine & Shermari,
Thompsons; Weight & Willey, Aireys; R. E. Roberts & Company,
Linkwood; Charles Webster, and East New Market Packing Company,
of East New Market ; J. B. Andrews & Son, F. W. Carroll, Harper &
Company, Wright & Carter, Hurlock; Noble & Kennedy, Williams-
burg; Hubbert & Conway, Williamsburg; Harrington Brothers, Madi-
son; B. E. Plarrington & Company, Taylor's Island; George C, Insley,
Crapo ; Moore & LeCompte, J. W. T. Webb & Son, Vienna ; Howard P.
Spedden, James; Toddville Canning Company, Toddville; J. Frank
Hearn, Bishop Head; Bradley & Wheatley, Jordan & Spencer, Secre-
tary; Messick & Dolby, Hurlock; W. T. Andrews & Son, Crapo; Draw-



STATISTICS AND INFORMATION. 209

bridge Canning Company, Drawbridge; Z. H. Brinsfield & Son, El-
dorado ; Josiah T. Whcatley, Finchville ; Phillips & Douglas, Elwood ;
Galestown Canning Company, Galestown ; L. A. Insley & Brother,
Wingates; Ralph Brothers, Vienna; Seward & Company, Sewards.

FUR BUSINESS,

The fur business is rather an important industry and a growing one
in this county. Those engaged in it are W. T. Willis, Church Creek ;
W. F. Applegarth, Golden Hill; A. G. Robbins, Lakesville; Jesse Wall,
Bespitch ; C. L. Seward, Sewards.

During the year about $65,000 worth of furs have been handled in
the county and the number of people engaged in the business is 450.

LUMBER BUSINESS.

The firms in Dorchester County engaged in the manufacture of tim-
ber products are: Cambridge Manufacturing Company, J. H. Neal,
W. H. Radcliffe, R. T. Wright, Wright & Smith, James N. Sherman,

E. M. Skinner & Brother, all of Cambridge; S. R. Linthicum, Corners-
ville; B. J. Linthicum, W. A. Linthicum, J. W. Brooks & Son, Church
Creek; Smith & Harrington, Madison; L. D. Travers, Taylor's Island;
Joseph W. Bradshaw, Wm. F. Applegarth, R. L. Simmons, J. R. Rit-
tenhouse. Mills Brothers, Golden Hill; Wm. H. Kirwan, Lakesville;
Sullivan & Ellis, Sewards ; J. Holliday Murphy, Drawbridge ; Windsor

*& Mowbray, Aireys; Thos. Higgins & Son, Vienna; Wright & An-
drews, J. W. Blake, S. S. Andrews, Geo. A. Thompson & Son, Benj.

F. Carroll, F. W. Carroll, J. B. Andrews, Hurlock; J. R. Coulbourne,
W. R. Hurst, Secretary; J. W. Blake, Williamsburg; Z. H. Brinsfield,
Eldorado.

The value of the mills, including real estate and fixtures, is f 422, 000 •
The number of men and boys employed in the business as employes is
203. The amount paid annually in wages is $40,600. Estimated value
of product will be about $197,000.

COUNTY'S GREATEST NEEDS.

Better roads are the most important needs of Dorchester County,
and our correspondent says some method to show the people of the
lower districts of the county that oysters and the oyster business is
having a demoralizing effect on the industry in the State will do much
to change the sentiments of the county in favor of some practical sys-
tem for State aid in making better roads.

PRINCIPAL MANUFACTURES.

The principal manufactures of the county are as follows :
Shirts — Cambridge Shirt Company, Strauss, Eiseman & Company.
Cables & Kohn, Cambridge; Jasper Harper, Hurlock; Wm. E. Seward,



2IO rh;port of the bureau oe

Hills Point; Chas. Webster, East New Market; James A. Conkel, Sec-
retary — Number of employees, 373; value of total product, $360,940;
capital invested, $56,316; amount paid annually in wages, $49,134.

Bricks — James C. Leonard, Robinson & Barnett, Cambridge; Enoch
W. Wilson, Vienna — Number of employees, 45 ; value of total product,
$16,212; capital invested, $29,525; amount paid annually in wages, $5,042.

Butter and Ice Cream — Cambridge Creamery Company, Cambridge;
East New Market Creamery Company, East New Market; Enterprise
Creamery Company, Hurlock — Number of employees, 5 ; value of total
product, $7,120; capital invested, $4,575; amount paid annually in wages,
$1,356.

Creamery Products — S. L. Webster & Company, East New Market;
S. L. Webster & Company, Beulah — Number of employees, 3; value of
total product, $4,284; capital invested, $2,900; amount paid annually
in wages, $840.

Flour, Feed, etc. — R. W. Randall, Cambridge Manufacturing Com-
pany, L. K. Warren, Cambridge ; S. Merrick & Son, Hurlock Milling
Company, Benjamin Merrick, Hurlock; Walter Beckwith, Vienna; F.
P. Cockran, Henry Hubbert, Williamsburg — Number of employees, 44;
value of total product, $276,825; capital invested, $113,113; amount
paid annually in wages, $15,402.

Shipbuilding — Richardson & Davis, Cambridge Manufacturing Com-
pany, Cambridge; James W. Brooks & Sons, Madison; Cannon &
Simmons, Golden Hill — Number of employees, 51; value of totaf
product, $140,300; capital invested, $74,460; amount paid annually in
wages, $18,465.

Harness — A. J. Hitch, Vienna; J. E. Sewell, Cambridge — Value of
total product, $2,025; capital invested, $500.

Printing and Publishing — Democrat and News, Dorchester Standard,
Item, Daily Banner and Cambridge Chronicle, Dorchester Era, Cam-
bridge; Advance, Plurlock — Number of employees, 18; value of total
product, $25,000; capital invested, $12,000; amount paid annually in
wages, $4,433-

Machinery, etc. — Edgar Shackleford, T. Hudson, Cambridge; Barber
& Maxwell, Hurlock — Number of employees, 5 ; value of total product,
$10,990; capital invested, $5,290; amount paid annually in wages, $225.

Barrels and Baskets — Cambridge Manufacturing Company, J. E.
Wright, Cambridge — Number of employees, 11; value of total product,
$2,880; capital invested, $3,495; amount paid annually in wages, $1,555.

Weatherboarding and Boxing— R. T. Wright, W. H. Radcliffe, Cam-
bridge Manufacturing Co., Cambridge; S. W. Linthicum, Comersville —
Number of employees, 20; value of total product, $13,551; capital in-
vested, $64,500; amount paid annually in wages, $2,228.



STATISTICS AND INFORMATION. 211

Among other industries may be grouped : Perry & Eskridge, sails
and awnings; Cambridge Gas Company, illuminating gas; S. L. Web-
ster & Son, fertilizer ; W. T. Stevens, painter, Cambridge— Number of
employees, 14; value of total product, $42,376; capital invested, $43,250;
amount paid annually in wages, $3,462.

Canned Fruits and Vegetables — I. J. Leonard Packing Company,
James Wallace & Son, Cambridge ; Wilbur F. Jones & Company, Church
Creek; Zora H. Brinsfield, East New Market; Phillips & Douglass,
Ellwood; Josiah T. Wheatley, Finchville; Jos. B. Andrews, Fred. W.
Carroll, Hurlock; Howard P. Spedden, James; Jos. H. Conkle, Secre-
tary; Chesapeake Canning Company, Benj. E. Harrington & Company,
Taylor's Island; Percy & Phillips, Ralph Brothers, J. W. T. Webb,
Vienna; Alex. Noble, Williamsburg.

Lumber and Timber Products — Windsor & Mobray, Aireys; James
M. Sherman, Bucktown; Wooten Brothers, Cambridge; Linthicum &
Baker, Church Creek; G. S. Thompson & Son, East New Market;
Wm. F. Applegarth, Jos. H. Bradshaw, Hastings Brothers, Geo. W.
Miller, Golden Hill; Benj. F. Carroll, Benj. Conway, Plurlock; Clarence
Eaker, Lakesville; Keys, Layton & Company, Lloyds; Benjamin W.
Brooks, W. W. Harrington, Madison; C. G. Jackson & Company,
Reedsgrove; John W. Gordy, Rhoadsville; J. J. Bennett, Joseph Batte,
Thos. Higgins & Sons, Annie C. Taylor, Robert A. Vane, Vienna;
Samuel F. Poole, Williamsburg.

Lumber Products, Sash, Doors and Blinds — Jas. H. Hubbard.

Oysters, Canning and Preserving — T. M. Bramble Company, Cam-
bridge.

Bricks — Lynn W. Rea, Cambridge.

Fertilizers — Cambridge Manufacturing Company, H. Gaston, Louis
K. Warren, Cambridge.

Flour Mills — Wm. F. Williamson, Hurlock.

Shipbuilders — Wilford Tyler, Fishing Creek.

Shirts— Andrew J. Foble, Cambridge; Thomas L. M. Payne, East
New Market.

Butter Dishes — Dorchester Butter Dish Manufacturing Company, Cam-
bridge.

FREDERICK.

Frederick County is one of the most populous and prosperous sec-
tions of the State of Maryland by reason of its geographical position,
and the thrift and enterprise of its inhabitants. It was formed in the