Report of the Commissioner of Patents for the year .. online

been refused upon reference to these decisions. It is difficult to conceive of any
sound reason why the application of what is old, to a new purpose, should not
be the subject of a patent.

The attention of an expert bridge-builder is directed to iron bars of a pecu-
liar sectional form. He perceives that these bars 'can be applied with useful
effect to the construction of a truss frame bridee. He makes a stronger, lighter,
end cheaper bridge than had before been made. He applies for a patent, and
must be refused upon the principle of these decisions, because bars of the form
he uses had been known before and used for other purposes, and, therefore, he
has done nothing more than apply what is old to a new purpose. There seems
to be no reason in principle why the sound judgment and inventive faculty
which led the bridge-builder to apply these bars to a new purpose should not be
rewarded. I respectfully submit a draught of a bill designed to remedy this
defect in our law and practice.

CONCLUSION.

In concluding this report, I am impelled to present in prominent relief the
important fact that, although the country has been engaged in a war which
would have seemed to tax to the utmost all its energies, the applications for
patents for the last year have been equalled in only two former years ; and yet
one-half of our territorvi shrouded in the doud of rebellion, has conNiributed
nothing to invention or human improvement.

The institution which has blighted that portion of the republic has long since
recorded in this office its adverse influence to the arts and civilization. It ap-
pears that in the year 1857 there were granted to citizens of Massachusetts
421 patents, being a proportion of one to a population of 2,362. In the same
year there were granted to citizens of Virginia 58 patents, a proportion of one
to 24,511 ; to North Caroluaa 14 patents, a proportion of one to 62,064; and to
Soath Carolina 12, a proportion of one to 55,708.

Labor being degraded in these States, there was no stimulus to mechanical
activity; and as labor-saving machines were supposed to have the eflfect of sup-
planting and diminishing the value of slaves, improvements were regarded as
injurious to the paramount interest of the State. It was only by unparalleled
eftorts that a northern inventor succeeded in introducing into the cotton States
the gipy which added a hundred-fold to their productiveness and value. This
invention is an example of the benefit which the South will derive from new
arts to be applied to her peculiar climate and products.'*'

o In an interesting work lately published, entUled * * In the Tropics, by a settler in Santo
Doraiogo," tike author says : •

" Tbooe wb« say the treasures of the tropics are to be best won by the brute force of
Ignorant labor, cannot have studied with safBcient patience the march of invention.

** Intelligent laborers ; men who know how to make wood and Iron perform the severest
part, to the sparing of human sinews ; men who can work steam in harness, these are what
k wanted here.

•« XJiider the warm sun of the south midligent mm and machinery wiU yd open the grmided fidd
$f nipgiiiifinin eoerrtaUztd.

** Even in such a small matter as hoeing acorn field this is illustrated. Without violent
labor I do as much clearing in a short forenoon with my little donkey cultivator as three
good field bands in a whole day, and do the work much more effectually. Bating the don-
key sad myself as equal to a pair of Dominicans, the cultivator, which neither eats, sulks,
nor nms sway, (to which as a class they are subject,) counts for four common hands, which
am tolijeci to ail those defects. The cultivator, I repeat, counts for four laborers, and
Mkstto wa^M-"



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The imagination fails to conceive of the happj future in store for this country
when its fairest portion shall be regenerated by the adoption of a just system of
labor, and conquered by free industry; when its land, by this change, shall, ac*
cording to the remarkable estimates of Mr. Walker, have an increased value of
over six billions of dollars ; and when a whole race shall bo taught to think,
contrive, and create. The richest field of invention, with its fruits of wealth and
prosperity, will then be opened that ever occupied the faculties of man. The
visions of Virgil and Milton will be realized, and —

«' Time will run back and fetch the age of gold."

D. P. HOLLOWAT,

Commmumer.



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