Winifred S. (Winifred Stuart) Gibbs.
The minimum cost of living; a study of families of limited income in New York city online
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At the present writing, October 1, 1916, the same
diet would cost thirty-four cents per unit per day.
The following diet is the basic one for the
average family. Calculations for increase accord-
ing to the size of family are made with these
figures as , the starting point. It is understood
that the prices quoted varied slightly according to
locality and season.
Ration Allowance, 2 Adults, 3 Children — One Week
Food Lbs. Cost Cal. Pro. P2O5 CaO Fe Acid Base
Beef 1
Soup [...4 S.80 3572 303 6.969 0.2274 0.04545 151.5
Meat I
Codfish 1 .12 515 125 3.150 0.1890 0.00504 53.0
Eggs Id. .35 892 81 2.141 0.5352 0.01695 67.8
Butterine..l .25 5115 8 0.204 0.1534
Milk 14qt3. 1.26 8792 419 26.640 21.0129 0.02989 228.
Cheese V2 .12 997 65 3.230 2.4925 12.9
Bread 12 .48 14068 506 10 . 566 1 . 5497 . 04226 380 .
Macaroni.. 1 .08 1624 60 1.624 0.1624 0.00550 43.8
Rice 1 broken .06 1591 36 0.907 0.0477 0.00477 43.0
Oatmeal... 3 .10 5049 227 11.683 1.6230 0.04868 162.3
Sugar 3M -28 6349
Beans 2 .20 3128 204 10.197 1.9706 0.06256 156.4
Carrots 4 .12 636 16 1.400 1.0684 0.01018 152.0
Onions 4 .12 796 25 1.910 0.9552 0.00876 24.3
Potatoes.. 15 .45 4560 122 7.570 0.8664 0.06840 403.2
Apples 4 .12 856 6 0.428 0.1883 0.00428 51.2
Tomatoes.. 1 .05 103 5 0.0265 0.0890 0.00175 35.0
Prunes 2 .16 2322 16 1.856 0.4644 0.02090 185.8
Cocoa 14 .13 1128 49 2.482 0.3046 0.00564 1.6
Tea Vi .10
Coffee J^ .12
Dates 1 .10 1416 9 0.425 0.4243 0.00146 97.0
5.57 63509 22S2 93.4085 34.3250 0.38247 914.3 1334.5
The Estimate of Minimum Requirement 19
No. of units 3
Cost per unit per month ....$8.19
" " family per week ... . 5.57
"day 81
" " unit " " 27
Since the budget calculations are usually made
by the month the following table has been ar-
ranged on a monthly basis. This table is based
upon the ration quoted above. The quantities of
food are of course approximate since it would not
be practical to weigh each portion. These tables
do give, however, the same well-balanced ration as
that described in the beginning of this chapter.
Ration Allowances — One Month
1 Adult and 2 Children 1 Adult and 4 Children 2 Adults and 3 Children
1 " "3
2 " "1
2
" 2
1 "
4
4
5
S
1 Adult and 6 Children 1 Adult and 7 Children 1 Adult and 8 Children
2 " "4
2
" 5
1 "
9
2
.. g
2 "
2 "
7
8
Food Amount
Amount
Amount
Amount Amount
Amount
Bread. ..34. 66 lbs.
39.44 lbs.
52.00 lbs.
62.83 lbs. 73.66 lbs.
98.21 lbs.
Butter . . 6.49 "
6.49 "
6.49 "
8.66 " 8.66 "
10.82 "
Milk 60.62qts.
60.62 qts.
60.62 qts.
90.93 qts. 90.93 qts.
90.93 qts.
Eggs .... 4 . 33 doz.
4.33 doz.
4.33 doz.
6.49 doz. 8.66 doz
8.66 doz.
Cereal . .12.99 lbs.
17.32 lbs.
21.65 lbs.
25.98 lbs. 28.14 lbs.
28.14 lbs.
Tea, Coffee and
Cocoa . . 3 . 24 "
4.33 "
5.41 "
5.41 " 5.41 "
6.49 "
Sugar. . .14.07 "
15.15 "
15.15 "
20.56 " 24.89 "
29.22 "
Meat .. .14.07 "
17.32 "
22.19 "
17.32 " 22.73 "
27.06 "
Pot 43.3 "
51.96 "
64.95 "
69.28 " 77.94 "
90.93 "
Veg 51.96 •'
51.96 "
47.63 "
64.95 " 82.27 "
95.26 "
Fruit . . .23.81 "
25.98 "
30.31 "
47.63 " 60.62 "
69.28 "
20 The Minimum Cost of Living
Anyone who has had experience in working with
the tenement population knows how intimate a
connection exists between food and the more com-
mon diseases of poverty. Among our seventy-five
famines, before the granting of the allowance,
record after record reads — ''Children anaemic,"
''Mother suffering from malnutrition." Because
of this, special care has been taken with the dietary,
and part two will set forth the results.
Table for Converting Unit Needs into Dollars and Cents
Cost per month at Cost per month at
Units 0.27 per day Units $.30 per day
1.0 $ 8.19 1.0 % 9.10
1.1 9.00 1.1 10.01
1.2 9.83 1.2 10.92
1.3 10.65 1.3 11.63
1.4 11.47 1.4 12.74
1.5 12.29 1.5 13.65
1.6 13.10 1.6 14.56
1.7 13.93 1.7 15.47
1.8 14.74 1.8 16.38
1.9 15.56 1.9 17.29
2.0 16.38 2.0 18.20
2.1 17.20 2.1 19.11
2.2 18.02 2.2 20.02
2.3 18.84 2.3 20.93
2.4 19.66 2.4 21.84
2.5 20.48 2.5 22.75
2.6 21.29 2.6 23.66
2.7 22.11 2.7 24.57
The Estimate of Minimum Requirement 21
Cost per month at Cost per month at
Units $.27 per day Units $.30 per day
2.8 22.93 2.8 $25.48
2.9 23.75 2.9 26.39
3.0 24.57 3.0 27.30
3.1 25.39 3.1 28.21
3.2 26.21 3.2 29.12
3.3 27.02 3.3 30.03
3.4 27.85 3.4 30.94
3.5 28.67 3.5 31.85
3.6 29.48 3.6 32.76
3.7 30.30 3.7 33.67
3.8 31.12 3.8 34.58
3.9 31.94 3.9 35.49
4.0 32.76 4.0 38.40
4.1 33.58 4.1 37.31
4.2 34.40 4.2 38.22
4.3 35.22 4.3 29.13
4.4 36.04 4.4 40.04
4.5 36.86 4.5 40.95
4.6 37.67 4.6 41.86
4.7 38.49 4.7 42.77
4.8 39.31 4.8 43.68
4.9 40.13 4.9 44.59
5.0 40.95 5.0 45.50
5.1 41.77 5.1 46.41
5.2 42.59 5.2 47.32
5.3 43.41 5.3 48.23
5.4 44.23 5.4 49.14
5.5 45.05 5.5 50.05
5.6 45.86 5.6 50.98
5.7 46.68 5.7 51.87
5.8 47.50 5.8 52.78
5.9 48.32 5.9 53.69
22 The Minimum Cost of Living
Cost per month at
Cost per month at
Units
$.27 per day
Units
$.30 per day
6.0
49.14
....6.0...
$54.60
6.1
49.96
....6
.1. .
55.51
6.2
50.76
6
....6
.2.
.3. .
56.42
6.3
51.60
57.33
6.4
52.42
....6
.4. .
58.24
6.5
53.24
....6
.5. .
59.15
6.6
54.05
6
6
60.06
6.7
54.87
6
7
60.97
6.8
55.69
....6
6,
.8. . ,
9
61.88
6.9
56.51
62.79
7.0
57.33
....7,
.0. .
63.70
7.1
58.15
....7,
.1. .
64.61
7.2
58.97
....7,
.2. .
65.52
7.3
59.79
7
3
66 43
7.4
60.61
....7
.4. .
67.34
7.5
61.45
....7,
.5. .
68.25
7.6
62.24
. . . .7
.6. .
69.16
7.7
63.06
7,
7
70.07
7.8
63.88
7,
8
70.98
7.9
64.70
....7,
.9. ..
71.69
8.0
65.52
....8,
0. . .
72.90
8.1
66.34
....8
,1. .
73.71
8.2
67.16
....8.
.2. . ,
74.62
8.3
67.98
....8,
3. . .
75.33
8.4
68.60
....8,
4. . .
76.44
8.5
69.62
....8.
5. . .
77.35
8.6
70.43
8
6
78.26
8.7
71.25
8.
7
79.17
8.8
72.07
8,
8
80 . 08
8.9
72.89
....8.
,9. . .
80.99
The Estimate of Minimum Requirement 23
Fuel and Light
Information was also sought on this item and an
average of all the neighborhoods of the city showed
that a tenement apartment of three rooms could
be heated and lighted at the rate of $3.25 per
month, provided the problem were viewed by the
year. According to season it would read something
like this:
Winter $5.00 to $6.00
Spring and Autumn $2 . 50 to $3 . 50
Midsummer $2.00
In estimating needs for this item this allowance
was not increased as the size of the apartments
increased, since most of the families made constant
use of only three rooms, even though they might
possess more.
Clothing
The clothing needs were difficult to decide upon.
It is obviously not an easy thing to standardize
clothing. During the previous five years, however,
there has been in the informal budgets kept by
the women much light thrown upon this subject.
The tentative sum fixed upon was $2.00 per in-
dividual per month. It was understood that this
24 The Minimum Cost of Living
would provide sufficient clothing only on condition
that the mother would have time and strength as
well as ability to do her own sewing and mending.
It will be understood that the clothing division
suggested below is far from satisfying the workers.
It is merely an attempt to make the best possible
use of a necessarily small clothing allowance. The
final figures are based largely on actual practice.
The most casual observer will see at once that
there is no provision for the small but necessary
accessories of dress. The annual clothing allowance
for man, woman and four children is as follows:
man, $30.20; woman, $28.75; boy 14, $26.05; girl
12, $22.25; girl 6, $17.85; girl 3, $10.75.
The following division of this allowance is quoted
from ''Clothing the Family," by Mary A. Ditmas.
Mrs. Ditmas while sewing teacher of the division
did some intensive work in clothing budgets.
DIVISION OF CLOTHING ALLOWANCE FOR MAN,
WOMAN AND 4 CHILDREN
Man
1 suit $10.00
1 pair trousers 2 . 00
2 light shirts at $.75 each 1 . 50
3 colored shirts at $.75 each 2 . 25
2 pairs shoes 5 . 00
8 pairs hose at $.15 a pau- 1 . 20
The Estimate of Minimum Requirement 25
Underwear:
Winter, 2 suits at $1.00 each $2.00
Summer, 3 suits at $.75 each 2.50
2 hats 1.75
1 necktie 25
1 pair suspenders 25
4 collars 50
2 sets sleeping garments 1 .00
Total $30.20
Clothing for Woman — One Year
Shoes, 2 pairs, $2.50 each $ 5.00
Repairs 1 . 25
Aprons, 3 (homemade) 45
Hats, Winter hat 1.50
Summer hat 1 . 25
Coats, Winter, 1 3.00
Summer, 1 2.00
Dresses, 2 wash dresses (homemade) 2 . 00
2 house dresses (homemade) 1 . 50
Skirts, 1 woolen 2 .00
Waists, 2 wash waists (homemade) 1 .00
Hosiery, 6 pairs 60
Gloves, 1 pair cotton 25
1 pair woolen 75
Underwear:
Winter, three union suits, $.75 each 2.25
Summer, three union suits, $.25 each 75
2 corset covers (homemade) 75
2 flannelette skirts (homemade) 50
2 night dresses (homemade) 70
1 pair corsets 1 . 00
Linen 50
Total $28.75
26 The Minimum Cost of Limig
Girl of Twelve Years
Shoes, 2 pair at $2.00 .....$ 4.00
Repairs 1 . 25
1 pair rubbers 65
Gloves, 2 pair woolen at $.25 50
Hats, Winter (trimmed at home) 1 .00
Summer (trimmed at home) 75
Coats, Winter 2.50
Summer 1 . 00
Sweater (homemade) 1 . 25
Dresses, one woolen dress 1 . 50
3 wash dresses (homemade) (at $.50) 1 .50
Skirts, 1 woolen skirt (homemade) 1.00
Waists, 2 middy blouses (homemade) 75
Hosiery, 6 pair at $.10 60
Underwear:
Winter, 3 union suits at $.50 1 . 50
Summer, 3 union suits at $.10 30
2 flannelette skirts (homemade) 80
2 night dresses (homemade) 60
2 white muslin petticoats (homemade) 30
Ribbons, etc 50
Total $22.25
Boy of Fourteen Years
Overcoats, winter, one coat $ 4 . 50
One sweater 1 .00
Hats, two 75
Suits, one 2 . 50
Trousers, 3 wash trousers 1 . 50
One woolen trouscr 75
Blouses, 4 cotton (homemade) at $.20 80
3 outing blouses 1 . 50
Gloves, 1 pair 25
Hosiery, 12 pairs stockings 1 . 20
The Estimate of Minimum Requirement 27
Shoes, 3 pairs at SI. 75 $ 5.25
Repairs 2 . 00
Rubbers 60
Underwear:
Summer, 3 suits at $.25 75
Winter, 3 suits at $.75 2 .25
Underbodies (homemade) 45
Total $26.05
Girl op Six Years
Shoes, 2 pairs at $1.25 $ 2.50
Repairs 1.25
Rubbers 60
Gloves, 2 pairs woolen at $.25 50
Hats, 1 felt (trimmed at home) 75
1 summer (trimmed at home) 50
Coats, winter (made at home) 1 . 75
Summer (made at home) 1 . 00
Sweater (made at home) 50
Dresses, 2 woolen (homemade) 1 . 50
4 wash dresses (homemade) 1 . 75
Hosiery, 6 pairs at $.10 60
Underwear, 3 underwaists (homemade) 35
Winter, 3 union suits at $.50 1 . 50
Summer, 3 shirts 30
4 pairs muslin drawers (homemade) 60
2 flannelette skirts (homemade) 50
2 cotton petticoats 50
2 nightgowns 40
Ribbons 50
Total $17.85
Girl of Three Years
Shoes, 2 pairs at $1.25 $ 2.50
Repairs 75
Hats, 2 caps at $.25 50
28 The Minimum Cost of Living
Suits or dresses:
4 wash suits or dresses (homemade) $ 1 . 50
4 pairs rompers (homemade) 60
Coats, 1 winter 2 . 00
1 summer (homemade) 1 .00
Hosiery, 4 pairs stockings 40
Underwear, 3 winter union suits at $.25 75
3 summer union suits at $.15 45
2 nightgowns (homemade) 30
Total $10.75
SUNDRIES
The workers realized that the provision possible
for this item would be inadequate. The amount
finally fixed was $1.00 each for the first three mem-
bers of the family per month, and fifty cents each
for each additional person. This provided only for
the barest necessities. This item had also to in-
clude provision for insurance. The Association
advocates insurance only for the breadwinner.
Most of the families, however, make payments for
children's insurance.
PART II
THE SEVENTY-FIVE EXPENSE ACCOUNTS
IN DETAIL
The figures on the following pages give the main
items in the budget, and the actual expenditures
for these items in each family. The estimate
spoken of has been slightly modified to meet
individual needs. The estimate for sundries at
the time the study was made was $2.00 per
family per month. The increase according to size
of family came later. The sum paid for insurance
by each family has been added to the estimate for
sundries. When the $2.00 rate was in use it was
understood that special needs must be provided for
through some other source.
Expense Accounts of the Seventy-five Families 31
YEARLY SUMMARY OF SEVENTY-FIVE BUDGETS
Est. of needs Act. Exp. Act. Inc. Act, over Act. under
1 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. budget budget Summary
Family No. 1, Woman, 2 children, 13, 8
Rent free free free . . .$386.00
Food 17.33.. 207.96.. 289.48 $81.52
F. &L.... 3.25.. 39.00.. 24.24 $14.76..BaI. end
Clo 6.00.. 72.00.. 29.82 42. 18. .of 12 mo.
Sund 3.30.. 39.60.. 40.90 1.30 $1.56
$29.88. .$358.56. .$384.44. .$386.00. .$82.82. .$56.94
Family No. 2, Woman, 2 children, 11, 5
Rent $13.00. .$156.00. .$156.00. .$520.33
Food 17.33.. 207.96.. 240.89 $32.93
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 17.15 $21.85
Clo 6.00.. 72.00.. 33.83 38.17. .Bal. end
Sund 3.07.. 36.84.. 61.29 24.45 of 12 mo.
Baby'sBd 2.30 2.30 $8.87
$42.65. .$511.80. .$511.46. .$520.33. .$59.68. .$60.02
Family No. 3, Woman, 2 children, 15, 11
Rent free free free $269.96
Food $17.33. .$209.96. .$193.18 $16.78
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 43.21 $4.21 Bal. end
Clo 6.00.. 72.00.. 15.89 56. 11. .of 12 mo.
Sund 3.00.. 36.00.. 15.16 20.84. .$2.52
$29.58. .$356.96. .$267.44. .$269.96. .$ 4.21. .$93.73
Family No. 4, Woman, 3 children, 10, 9, 6
Rent $13.00. .$156.00. .$156.05. .$569.11. .$ .05
Food 18.02.. 216.24.. 286.70 70.46
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 41.36 2.36 Bal. end
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 39.97 $56.03. .of 12 mo.
Sund 5.00.. 39.60.. 42.19 2.59 $2.84
$47.27. .$546.84. .$566.27. .$569.11. .$75.46. .$56.03
Family No. 5, Woman, 3 children, 9, 6, 4
Rent $12.00. .$144.00. .$150.00. .$483.68. .$ 6.00
Food 17.33.. 207.96.. 187.36 $20.60
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 29.19 9. 81.. Bal. end
Clo 6.00.. 72.00.. 60.39 11.61. .of 12 mo.
Sund 3.73.. 44.76.. 49.16 4.40 $7.58
$42.31. .$507.72. .$476.10. .$483.68. .$10.40. .$42.02
32
The Minimum Cost of Living
Est. of needs Act. Exp. Act. Inc.
1 mo. IS mo. 12 mo. 12 mo.
Family No. 6, Woman, 3 children, 8, 6, 4
Rent $10.00. .$120.00. .$120.00. .$515.61
Food 18.07.. 210.84.
F. &L.... 3.25.. 39.00.
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.
Sund 4.39.. 52.68.
Act. over Act. under
budget budget Summary
256.05 $39.21
27.19 $11.81..Bal. end
47.37 48.63. .of 12 mo.
64.95 12.27 $.05
$43.71. .$524.52. .$515.56. .$515.61. .$51.48. .$60.44
Family No. 7, Woman, 3 children, 8, 6, 4
Rent $10.00. .$120.00. .$122.00. .$602.44. .$ 2.00.
Food
. 17.20.
206.40.
F. &L...
. 3.25.
39.00.
Clo
. 8.00.
96.00.
Sund....
. 5.25.
63.00.
219.72 13.32
31.77 $ 7.23. .Bal. end
47.06 48.94. .of 12 mo.
134.49 71.49 $47.40
$43.70. .$524.40. .$555.04. .$602.44. .$86.81. .$56.17
Family No. 8, Woman, 3 children, 17, 11, 5
Rent $11.00. .$132.00. .$151.00. .$701.36. .$19.00.
Food . . .
. . 27.85.
. 334.20
F. &L..
.. 3.25.
. 39.00
Clo
. . 10.00.
. 120.00
Sund . . .
. . 7.68.
. 92.16
$59.78.
.$717.36
307 . 08 $26 . 52
16.85 22. 15.. Bal. end
79.53 40.47. .of 12 mo.
126.05 34.49 $19.65
.$681. 71.. $701. 36.. $53. 49. .$89. 14
Family No. 9, Woman, 3 children, 14, 10, 8
Rent $12.00. .$144.00. .$135.00. .$535.03 $ 9.00.
Food . .
F. &L.
Clo. . . .
Sund..
20.27..
3.25..
8.00..
3.47..
243.24.,
39.00.
96.00.
41.64..
220.76 22.46
32.59 0.41.. Bal. end
43.54 52. 46.. of 12 mo.
79.90 $38.26 $23.22
$46.99. .$563.88. .$511.81. .$535.03. .$38.26. .$90.33
Family No. 10, Woman, 3 children, 11, 8, 6
Rent $16. 00.. $192. 00.. S1S4. 00.. $594. 46 $ 8.00.
Food . . .
. . 18.84.
. 220.08.
F. &L..
.. 3.25.
. 39.00.
Clo. . . .
. . 8.00.
. 96.00.
Sund . . .
. . 3.38.
. 40.56.
$49.47.
.$593.64.
291.49 $65.41
28.31 10. 69.. Bal. end
35.18 60. 82.. of 12 mo.
47.27 6.71 $8.21
.$586.25. .$594. 46.. $72. 12.. $79. 51
Expense Accounts of the Seventy-five Families 33
Est. of needs Act. Exp. Act. Inc. Act. over Act. under
1 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. budget budget Summary
Family No. 11, Woman, 3 children, 11, 10, 5
Rent $ 8.00..$ 96.00..$ 84.00. .$491.05 $12.00
Food 21.84.. 262.08.. 259.35 2.72
F. &L 3.25.. 39.00.. 33.61 5.39..Bal. end
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 57.13 38.87. .of 12 mo.
Sund 2.91.. 34.92.. 56.28 $21.36 $.68
$44.00. .$528.00. .$490.37. .$491.05. .$21.36. .$58.98
Family No. 12, Woman, 3 children, 8, 6, 4
Rent $13.00. .$156.00. .$156.00. .$572.27
Food 20.02.. 240.24.. 261.47 $21.23
F. &L 3.25.. 39.00.. 30.40 $8.60..Bal. end
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 72.91 23.09. .of 12 mo.
Sund 3.60.. 43.20.. 51.24 8.04 $.25
$47.87. .$572.02. .$572.02. .$572.27. .$29.27. . $31.69
Family No. 13, Woman, 3 children, 12, 10, 7
Rent $21.00. .$252.00. .$252.00 . .$731.48
Food 20.48.. 245.76.. 336.11 $90.35
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 35.83 $3.27..Bal. end
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 48.00 48.00. .of 12 mo.
Sund 3.95.. 47.40.. 56.21 8.81 $3.33
$56. 68. .$680. 16.. $728. 15.. $731. 48.. $99. 16.. $51. 27
Family No. 14, Woman, 3 children, 12, 10, 7
Rent $18. 00.. $216. 00.. $216. 00.. $711. 14
Food 20.48.. 245.76.. 313.76 $68.00
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 36.85 $2.15
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 63.45 32. 55.. Hal. end
Sund 2.00.. 24.00.. 38.50 14.50 of 12 mo.
C. F 3.90.. 46.80.. 35.80 11. 00.. $6. 78
$55.63. .$667.56. .$704.36. .$711.14. .$82.50. .$45.70
Family No. 15, Woman, 3 children, 10, 9, 3
Rent $11. 00.. $132. 00. .$1.32.00 .. $516.16
Food
. 22.11.,
265.32.
F.&L...
. 3.25..
39.00
Clo
,. 8.00.,
, 96.00
Sund. ...
. 2.00..
24.00,
259.24 $ 6.08
32.81 6. 19.. Hal. end
53.44 42.56. .of 12 mo.
32.66 $ 8.66 $6.01
$46.36. .$556.32. .$510. 15.. $516. 16..$ 8.66. «?^4.83
34 The Minimum Cost of Living
Est. of needs Act. Exp. Act. Inc. Act. over Act. under
1 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. budget budget Summary
Family No. 16, Woman, 3 children, 12, 8, 6
Rent $13.00. .$156.00. .$143.00. .$642.86 $13.00
Food 28.21.. 338.52.. 306.51 32.01
F. &L 3.25.. 39.00.. 32.55 6.45
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 56.53 39.47. .Bal. end
Sund 3.66.. 43.92.. 63.72 $19.80 of 12 mo.
C. F 4.60.. 55.20.. 31.25 23,95. .$9.30
$60. 72.. $728. 64.. $633. 56.. $642. 86.. $19. 80. $114. 85
Family No. 17, Woman, 3 children, 10, 8, 5
.$ 84. 00.. $503. 29 $84.00
. 270.10 $53.86
. 36.23 2. 77.. Bal. end
. 57.97 38.03. .of 12 mo.
. 44.53 2.53 • $10.46
Rent . . .
..$14.00.
.$108.00.
Food. ..
. . 18.02.
. 216.24.
F.&L..
. . 3.25.
. 39.00.
Clo
. . 8.00.
. 96.00.
Sund . . .
. . 3.50.
. 42.00.
$46. 77.. $561. 24. .$492.83. .$503.29. .$56. 39. $124. 80
Family No. 18, Woman, 3 children, 14, 11, 4
Rent $10.00. .$120.00. .$ 99.25. .$406.25 $20.75
Food 19.66.. 235.92.. 230.62 5.30
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 39.77 $ .77 Bal. end
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 54.74 41.26. .of 12 mo.
Sund 2.00.. 24.00.. 30.42 6.42 $11.45
$42.91. .$514.92. .$454.80. .$466.25. .$ 7.19. .$67.31
Family No. 19, Woman, 3 children, 12, 10, 9
Rent $13.00. .$156.00. .$149.50. .$526.65 $ 6.50
Food 18.44.. 221.28.. 241.29 $20.01
F.&L.... 3.25.. 39.00.. 24.81 14. 19.. Bal. end
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 57.35 38.65. .of 12 mo.
Sund 2.65.. 31.80.. 42.51 10.71 $11.19
$45.34. .$544.08. .$515.40. .$526.65. .$30.72. .$59.34
Family No. 20, Woman 3 children, 11, 9, 6,
Rent $ 1.00..$ 12.00..$ 12.00. .$494.61
Food 18.02.. 216.24.. 290.00 $73.76
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 36.90. .^ $2. 10. .Bal. end
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 65.05 30.95. .of 12 mo.
Sund 3.73.. 44.76.. 75.25 30.49 $15.41
$34. 00.. $408. 00.. $479. 20. .$494.01 .$104.25. .$33.05
Expense Accounts of the Seventy-five Families 35
Est. of needs Act. Exp. Act. Inc. Act. over Act. under
1 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. budget budget Summary
Family No. 21, Woman, 3 children, 14, 11, 8
.$111. 00.. $554. 63. .$15.00
. 277.02 41.10
. 29.69 $9.31..Bal. end
. 48.58 47. 42.. of 12 mo.
. 69.56 22.16 $18.78
Rent. ..
..$ 8.00.
.$ 96.00.
Food...
. . 19.65.
. 2.35.92.
F. & L. .
. . 3.25.
. 39.00.
Clo
. . 8.00.
. 96.00.
Sund...
.. 3.95.
. 47.40.
$42. 85.. $514. 32.. $535. 85. .$554. 63.. $78. 26.. $56. 73
Family No. 22, Woman, 3 children, 10, 7, 4
Rent $10.00. .$120.00. .$105.00. .$415.89 $15.00
Food 25.39.. 304.68.. 237.18 67.50
F. &L 3.25.. 39.00.. 43.00 $4.06 Bal. end
Clo 10.00.. 120.00.. 11.76 108.24. .of 12 mo.
Sund 4.00.. 48.00.. 17.32 30.68. .$1.57
$52. 64.. $631. 68.. $414. 32.. $415. 89..$ 4. 06. $221. 42
Family No. 23, Woman, 3 children, 11, 8, 5
Rent $15.00. .$180.00. .$180.00. .$698.86
Food 24.57.. 294.84.. 311.14 $16.30
F. &L 3.25.. 39.00.. 41.59 2.59
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 42.29 .$53.71. .Bal. end
Simd 4.50.. 54.00.. 98.77 44.77 of 12 mo.
C. F 2.60.. 31.20.. 22.00 9. 20.. $3. 07
$57.92. .$695.04. .$695.79. .$698.86. .$63.66. .$62.91
Family No. 24, Woman, 3 children, 12, 11, 10 .
Rent $13.00. .$156.00. .$149.50. .$559.09 $ 6.50
Food 20.47.. 245.64.. 267.18 $21.54
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 25.06 13.94. .Bal. end
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 78.20 17.80. .of 12 mo.
Sund 3.50.. 42.00.. 32.66 9. 34.. $6. 49
$48.22. .$578.64. .$552.60. .$559.09. .$21.54. .$47.58
Family No. 25, Woman, 3 children, 14, 10, 8
Rent $11.00. .$132.00. .$138.00. .$657.66. .$ 6.00
Food 29.48.. 353.76.. 322.37 $31.39
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 34.35 4. 65.. Bal. end
Clo 10.00.. 120.00.. 60.42 59.58. .of 12 mo.
Sund 4.60.. 55.20.. 92.21 37.01 $10.31
$58.33. .$699.96. .$647.35. .$657.66. .$41.01. .$95.62
36
The Minimum Cost of Living
Est. of needs Act. Exp. Act. Inc. Act. over Act. under
1 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. budget budget Summary
Family No. 26. Woman, 3 children, 10, 8, 5
Rent $14. 00.. $168. 00.. $157. 00., $651. 46 $11.00
Food 24.47.. 293.64.. 309.12 $15.48
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 17.83 21.17. .Bal. end
CIo 8.00.. 96.00.. 71.83 24. 17. .of 12 mo.
Sund 3.51.. 42.12.. 91.64 49.52 $4.04
$53.23. .$638.76. .$647.42. .$651.46. .$65.00. .$56.34
Family No. 27, Woman, 3 children, 15, 10, 9
Rent $14.00. .$168.00. .$179.50. .$008.88. .$11.50
Food 22.11.. 265.32.. 238.63 $26.69
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 36.18 2. 82.. Bal. end
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 101.71 5.71 of 12 mo.
Sund 3.00.. 36.00.. 51.32 15.32 $1.54
$50.36. .$704.32. . .$607 . 34 . . $608 . 88 . .$32.53. .$29.51
Family No. 28, Woman, 3 children, 12, 10, 7
Rent $13.00.
Food 22.11.
F.&L.... 3.25.
Clo 8.00.
Sund 2.00.
$156
00
265
32
39
00
96
00
24
00
.$156.00. .$592.74
. 259.55 $ 5.77
. 26.88 12.12 Bal. end
. 43.69 52.31. .of 12 mo.
. 65.04 $41.04 $35.58
$48.36. .$580.32. .$551.16. .$592.74. .$41.04. .$71.20
Family No. 29, Woman, 3 children, 11, 8, 6
Rent $10.00. .$120.00. .$115.00. .$396.55 $ 5.00.
Food . . .
. 19.66.
235.92
F.&L...
. 3.25.
39.00
Clo
. 8.00.
96.00
Sund . . .
. 3.30.
39.60
193.67 42.25
15.95 23.05 Bal. end
34.81 61. 19.. of 12 mo.
33.41 6. 19. .$3.71
$44.21. .$530.52. .$392.84. .$396.55 $137.68
Family No. 30, Woman, 4 children, 15, 13, 12, 10
Rent $19.00. .$228.00
Food 27.84..
F.&L. .. 3.25..
Clo 10.00..
Sund 2.00..
334 . 08
39.00
120.00
24.00
$.52.09. ..$745.08
.$208.25. .$671.38 $19.75
. 342 . 63 $ 8 . 55
...39.44 M Bal. end
. 31.31 88.69. .of 12 mo.
. 47.15 23.15 $2.60
.$668.78. .$071.38. .$32. M $108.44
Expense Accounts of the Seventy-five Families 37
Est. of needs Act. Exp. Act. Inc. Act. over Act. under
1 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. budget budget Summary
Family No. 31, Woman, 4 children, 13, 11, 9, 7
Rent $14.00. .S168.00. .$148.00. .$515.10. . $26.38. .$20.00
Food 24.57.. 294.84.. 220.55 74.29
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 18.92 20.08. .Bal. end
Clo 10.00.. 120.00.. 55.59 64 .41. .of 12 mo.
diet would cost thirty-four cents per unit per day.
The following diet is the basic one for the
average family. Calculations for increase accord-
ing to the size of family are made with these
figures as , the starting point. It is understood
that the prices quoted varied slightly according to
locality and season.
Ration Allowance, 2 Adults, 3 Children — One Week
Food Lbs. Cost Cal. Pro. P2O5 CaO Fe Acid Base
Beef 1
Soup [...4 S.80 3572 303 6.969 0.2274 0.04545 151.5
Meat I
Codfish 1 .12 515 125 3.150 0.1890 0.00504 53.0
Eggs Id. .35 892 81 2.141 0.5352 0.01695 67.8
Butterine..l .25 5115 8 0.204 0.1534
Milk 14qt3. 1.26 8792 419 26.640 21.0129 0.02989 228.
Cheese V2 .12 997 65 3.230 2.4925 12.9
Bread 12 .48 14068 506 10 . 566 1 . 5497 . 04226 380 .
Macaroni.. 1 .08 1624 60 1.624 0.1624 0.00550 43.8
Rice 1 broken .06 1591 36 0.907 0.0477 0.00477 43.0
Oatmeal... 3 .10 5049 227 11.683 1.6230 0.04868 162.3
Sugar 3M -28 6349
Beans 2 .20 3128 204 10.197 1.9706 0.06256 156.4
Carrots 4 .12 636 16 1.400 1.0684 0.01018 152.0
Onions 4 .12 796 25 1.910 0.9552 0.00876 24.3
Potatoes.. 15 .45 4560 122 7.570 0.8664 0.06840 403.2
Apples 4 .12 856 6 0.428 0.1883 0.00428 51.2
Tomatoes.. 1 .05 103 5 0.0265 0.0890 0.00175 35.0
Prunes 2 .16 2322 16 1.856 0.4644 0.02090 185.8
Cocoa 14 .13 1128 49 2.482 0.3046 0.00564 1.6
Tea Vi .10
Coffee J^ .12
Dates 1 .10 1416 9 0.425 0.4243 0.00146 97.0
5.57 63509 22S2 93.4085 34.3250 0.38247 914.3 1334.5
The Estimate of Minimum Requirement 19
No. of units 3
Cost per unit per month ....$8.19
" " family per week ... . 5.57
"day 81
" " unit " " 27
Since the budget calculations are usually made
by the month the following table has been ar-
ranged on a monthly basis. This table is based
upon the ration quoted above. The quantities of
food are of course approximate since it would not
be practical to weigh each portion. These tables
do give, however, the same well-balanced ration as
that described in the beginning of this chapter.
Ration Allowances — One Month
1 Adult and 2 Children 1 Adult and 4 Children 2 Adults and 3 Children
1 " "3
2 " "1
2
" 2
1 "
4
4
5
S
1 Adult and 6 Children 1 Adult and 7 Children 1 Adult and 8 Children
2 " "4
2
" 5
1 "
9
2
.. g
2 "
2 "
7
8
Food Amount
Amount
Amount
Amount Amount
Amount
Bread. ..34. 66 lbs.
39.44 lbs.
52.00 lbs.
62.83 lbs. 73.66 lbs.
98.21 lbs.
Butter . . 6.49 "
6.49 "
6.49 "
8.66 " 8.66 "
10.82 "
Milk 60.62qts.
60.62 qts.
60.62 qts.
90.93 qts. 90.93 qts.
90.93 qts.
Eggs .... 4 . 33 doz.
4.33 doz.
4.33 doz.
6.49 doz. 8.66 doz
8.66 doz.
Cereal . .12.99 lbs.
17.32 lbs.
21.65 lbs.
25.98 lbs. 28.14 lbs.
28.14 lbs.
Tea, Coffee and
Cocoa . . 3 . 24 "
4.33 "
5.41 "
5.41 " 5.41 "
6.49 "
Sugar. . .14.07 "
15.15 "
15.15 "
20.56 " 24.89 "
29.22 "
Meat .. .14.07 "
17.32 "
22.19 "
17.32 " 22.73 "
27.06 "
Pot 43.3 "
51.96 "
64.95 "
69.28 " 77.94 "
90.93 "
Veg 51.96 •'
51.96 "
47.63 "
64.95 " 82.27 "
95.26 "
Fruit . . .23.81 "
25.98 "
30.31 "
47.63 " 60.62 "
69.28 "
20 The Minimum Cost of Living
Anyone who has had experience in working with
the tenement population knows how intimate a
connection exists between food and the more com-
mon diseases of poverty. Among our seventy-five
famines, before the granting of the allowance,
record after record reads — ''Children anaemic,"
''Mother suffering from malnutrition." Because
of this, special care has been taken with the dietary,
and part two will set forth the results.
Table for Converting Unit Needs into Dollars and Cents
Cost per month at Cost per month at
Units 0.27 per day Units $.30 per day
1.0 $ 8.19 1.0 % 9.10
1.1 9.00 1.1 10.01
1.2 9.83 1.2 10.92
1.3 10.65 1.3 11.63
1.4 11.47 1.4 12.74
1.5 12.29 1.5 13.65
1.6 13.10 1.6 14.56
1.7 13.93 1.7 15.47
1.8 14.74 1.8 16.38
1.9 15.56 1.9 17.29
2.0 16.38 2.0 18.20
2.1 17.20 2.1 19.11
2.2 18.02 2.2 20.02
2.3 18.84 2.3 20.93
2.4 19.66 2.4 21.84
2.5 20.48 2.5 22.75
2.6 21.29 2.6 23.66
2.7 22.11 2.7 24.57
The Estimate of Minimum Requirement 21
Cost per month at Cost per month at
Units $.27 per day Units $.30 per day
2.8 22.93 2.8 $25.48
2.9 23.75 2.9 26.39
3.0 24.57 3.0 27.30
3.1 25.39 3.1 28.21
3.2 26.21 3.2 29.12
3.3 27.02 3.3 30.03
3.4 27.85 3.4 30.94
3.5 28.67 3.5 31.85
3.6 29.48 3.6 32.76
3.7 30.30 3.7 33.67
3.8 31.12 3.8 34.58
3.9 31.94 3.9 35.49
4.0 32.76 4.0 38.40
4.1 33.58 4.1 37.31
4.2 34.40 4.2 38.22
4.3 35.22 4.3 29.13
4.4 36.04 4.4 40.04
4.5 36.86 4.5 40.95
4.6 37.67 4.6 41.86
4.7 38.49 4.7 42.77
4.8 39.31 4.8 43.68
4.9 40.13 4.9 44.59
5.0 40.95 5.0 45.50
5.1 41.77 5.1 46.41
5.2 42.59 5.2 47.32
5.3 43.41 5.3 48.23
5.4 44.23 5.4 49.14
5.5 45.05 5.5 50.05
5.6 45.86 5.6 50.98
5.7 46.68 5.7 51.87
5.8 47.50 5.8 52.78
5.9 48.32 5.9 53.69
22 The Minimum Cost of Living
Cost per month at
Cost per month at
Units
$.27 per day
Units
$.30 per day
6.0
49.14
....6.0...
$54.60
6.1
49.96
....6
.1. .
55.51
6.2
50.76
6
....6
.2.
.3. .
56.42
6.3
51.60
57.33
6.4
52.42
....6
.4. .
58.24
6.5
53.24
....6
.5. .
59.15
6.6
54.05
6
6
60.06
6.7
54.87
6
7
60.97
6.8
55.69
....6
6,
.8. . ,
9
61.88
6.9
56.51
62.79
7.0
57.33
....7,
.0. .
63.70
7.1
58.15
....7,
.1. .
64.61
7.2
58.97
....7,
.2. .
65.52
7.3
59.79
7
3
66 43
7.4
60.61
....7
.4. .
67.34
7.5
61.45
....7,
.5. .
68.25
7.6
62.24
. . . .7
.6. .
69.16
7.7
63.06
7,
7
70.07
7.8
63.88
7,
8
70.98
7.9
64.70
....7,
.9. ..
71.69
8.0
65.52
....8,
0. . .
72.90
8.1
66.34
....8
,1. .
73.71
8.2
67.16
....8.
.2. . ,
74.62
8.3
67.98
....8,
3. . .
75.33
8.4
68.60
....8,
4. . .
76.44
8.5
69.62
....8.
5. . .
77.35
8.6
70.43
8
6
78.26
8.7
71.25
8.
7
79.17
8.8
72.07
8,
8
80 . 08
8.9
72.89
....8.
,9. . .
80.99
The Estimate of Minimum Requirement 23
Fuel and Light
Information was also sought on this item and an
average of all the neighborhoods of the city showed
that a tenement apartment of three rooms could
be heated and lighted at the rate of $3.25 per
month, provided the problem were viewed by the
year. According to season it would read something
like this:
Winter $5.00 to $6.00
Spring and Autumn $2 . 50 to $3 . 50
Midsummer $2.00
In estimating needs for this item this allowance
was not increased as the size of the apartments
increased, since most of the families made constant
use of only three rooms, even though they might
possess more.
Clothing
The clothing needs were difficult to decide upon.
It is obviously not an easy thing to standardize
clothing. During the previous five years, however,
there has been in the informal budgets kept by
the women much light thrown upon this subject.
The tentative sum fixed upon was $2.00 per in-
dividual per month. It was understood that this
24 The Minimum Cost of Living
would provide sufficient clothing only on condition
that the mother would have time and strength as
well as ability to do her own sewing and mending.
It will be understood that the clothing division
suggested below is far from satisfying the workers.
It is merely an attempt to make the best possible
use of a necessarily small clothing allowance. The
final figures are based largely on actual practice.
The most casual observer will see at once that
there is no provision for the small but necessary
accessories of dress. The annual clothing allowance
for man, woman and four children is as follows:
man, $30.20; woman, $28.75; boy 14, $26.05; girl
12, $22.25; girl 6, $17.85; girl 3, $10.75.
The following division of this allowance is quoted
from ''Clothing the Family," by Mary A. Ditmas.
Mrs. Ditmas while sewing teacher of the division
did some intensive work in clothing budgets.
DIVISION OF CLOTHING ALLOWANCE FOR MAN,
WOMAN AND 4 CHILDREN
Man
1 suit $10.00
1 pair trousers 2 . 00
2 light shirts at $.75 each 1 . 50
3 colored shirts at $.75 each 2 . 25
2 pairs shoes 5 . 00
8 pairs hose at $.15 a pau- 1 . 20
The Estimate of Minimum Requirement 25
Underwear:
Winter, 2 suits at $1.00 each $2.00
Summer, 3 suits at $.75 each 2.50
2 hats 1.75
1 necktie 25
1 pair suspenders 25
4 collars 50
2 sets sleeping garments 1 .00
Total $30.20
Clothing for Woman — One Year
Shoes, 2 pairs, $2.50 each $ 5.00
Repairs 1 . 25
Aprons, 3 (homemade) 45
Hats, Winter hat 1.50
Summer hat 1 . 25
Coats, Winter, 1 3.00
Summer, 1 2.00
Dresses, 2 wash dresses (homemade) 2 . 00
2 house dresses (homemade) 1 . 50
Skirts, 1 woolen 2 .00
Waists, 2 wash waists (homemade) 1 .00
Hosiery, 6 pairs 60
Gloves, 1 pair cotton 25
1 pair woolen 75
Underwear:
Winter, three union suits, $.75 each 2.25
Summer, three union suits, $.25 each 75
2 corset covers (homemade) 75
2 flannelette skirts (homemade) 50
2 night dresses (homemade) 70
1 pair corsets 1 . 00
Linen 50
Total $28.75
26 The Minimum Cost of Limig
Girl of Twelve Years
Shoes, 2 pair at $2.00 .....$ 4.00
Repairs 1 . 25
1 pair rubbers 65
Gloves, 2 pair woolen at $.25 50
Hats, Winter (trimmed at home) 1 .00
Summer (trimmed at home) 75
Coats, Winter 2.50
Summer 1 . 00
Sweater (homemade) 1 . 25
Dresses, one woolen dress 1 . 50
3 wash dresses (homemade) (at $.50) 1 .50
Skirts, 1 woolen skirt (homemade) 1.00
Waists, 2 middy blouses (homemade) 75
Hosiery, 6 pair at $.10 60
Underwear:
Winter, 3 union suits at $.50 1 . 50
Summer, 3 union suits at $.10 30
2 flannelette skirts (homemade) 80
2 night dresses (homemade) 60
2 white muslin petticoats (homemade) 30
Ribbons, etc 50
Total $22.25
Boy of Fourteen Years
Overcoats, winter, one coat $ 4 . 50
One sweater 1 .00
Hats, two 75
Suits, one 2 . 50
Trousers, 3 wash trousers 1 . 50
One woolen trouscr 75
Blouses, 4 cotton (homemade) at $.20 80
3 outing blouses 1 . 50
Gloves, 1 pair 25
Hosiery, 12 pairs stockings 1 . 20
The Estimate of Minimum Requirement 27
Shoes, 3 pairs at SI. 75 $ 5.25
Repairs 2 . 00
Rubbers 60
Underwear:
Summer, 3 suits at $.25 75
Winter, 3 suits at $.75 2 .25
Underbodies (homemade) 45
Total $26.05
Girl op Six Years
Shoes, 2 pairs at $1.25 $ 2.50
Repairs 1.25
Rubbers 60
Gloves, 2 pairs woolen at $.25 50
Hats, 1 felt (trimmed at home) 75
1 summer (trimmed at home) 50
Coats, winter (made at home) 1 . 75
Summer (made at home) 1 . 00
Sweater (made at home) 50
Dresses, 2 woolen (homemade) 1 . 50
4 wash dresses (homemade) 1 . 75
Hosiery, 6 pairs at $.10 60
Underwear, 3 underwaists (homemade) 35
Winter, 3 union suits at $.50 1 . 50
Summer, 3 shirts 30
4 pairs muslin drawers (homemade) 60
2 flannelette skirts (homemade) 50
2 cotton petticoats 50
2 nightgowns 40
Ribbons 50
Total $17.85
Girl of Three Years
Shoes, 2 pairs at $1.25 $ 2.50
Repairs 75
Hats, 2 caps at $.25 50
28 The Minimum Cost of Living
Suits or dresses:
4 wash suits or dresses (homemade) $ 1 . 50
4 pairs rompers (homemade) 60
Coats, 1 winter 2 . 00
1 summer (homemade) 1 .00
Hosiery, 4 pairs stockings 40
Underwear, 3 winter union suits at $.25 75
3 summer union suits at $.15 45
2 nightgowns (homemade) 30
Total $10.75
SUNDRIES
The workers realized that the provision possible
for this item would be inadequate. The amount
finally fixed was $1.00 each for the first three mem-
bers of the family per month, and fifty cents each
for each additional person. This provided only for
the barest necessities. This item had also to in-
clude provision for insurance. The Association
advocates insurance only for the breadwinner.
Most of the families, however, make payments for
children's insurance.
PART II
THE SEVENTY-FIVE EXPENSE ACCOUNTS
IN DETAIL
The figures on the following pages give the main
items in the budget, and the actual expenditures
for these items in each family. The estimate
spoken of has been slightly modified to meet
individual needs. The estimate for sundries at
the time the study was made was $2.00 per
family per month. The increase according to size
of family came later. The sum paid for insurance
by each family has been added to the estimate for
sundries. When the $2.00 rate was in use it was
understood that special needs must be provided for
through some other source.
Expense Accounts of the Seventy-five Families 31
YEARLY SUMMARY OF SEVENTY-FIVE BUDGETS
Est. of needs Act. Exp. Act. Inc. Act, over Act. under
1 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. budget budget Summary
Family No. 1, Woman, 2 children, 13, 8
Rent free free free . . .$386.00
Food 17.33.. 207.96.. 289.48 $81.52
F. &L.... 3.25.. 39.00.. 24.24 $14.76..BaI. end
Clo 6.00.. 72.00.. 29.82 42. 18. .of 12 mo.
Sund 3.30.. 39.60.. 40.90 1.30 $1.56
$29.88. .$358.56. .$384.44. .$386.00. .$82.82. .$56.94
Family No. 2, Woman, 2 children, 11, 5
Rent $13.00. .$156.00. .$156.00. .$520.33
Food 17.33.. 207.96.. 240.89 $32.93
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 17.15 $21.85
Clo 6.00.. 72.00.. 33.83 38.17. .Bal. end
Sund 3.07.. 36.84.. 61.29 24.45 of 12 mo.
Baby'sBd 2.30 2.30 $8.87
$42.65. .$511.80. .$511.46. .$520.33. .$59.68. .$60.02
Family No. 3, Woman, 2 children, 15, 11
Rent free free free $269.96
Food $17.33. .$209.96. .$193.18 $16.78
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 43.21 $4.21 Bal. end
Clo 6.00.. 72.00.. 15.89 56. 11. .of 12 mo.
Sund 3.00.. 36.00.. 15.16 20.84. .$2.52
$29.58. .$356.96. .$267.44. .$269.96. .$ 4.21. .$93.73
Family No. 4, Woman, 3 children, 10, 9, 6
Rent $13.00. .$156.00. .$156.05. .$569.11. .$ .05
Food 18.02.. 216.24.. 286.70 70.46
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 41.36 2.36 Bal. end
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 39.97 $56.03. .of 12 mo.
Sund 5.00.. 39.60.. 42.19 2.59 $2.84
$47.27. .$546.84. .$566.27. .$569.11. .$75.46. .$56.03
Family No. 5, Woman, 3 children, 9, 6, 4
Rent $12.00. .$144.00. .$150.00. .$483.68. .$ 6.00
Food 17.33.. 207.96.. 187.36 $20.60
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 29.19 9. 81.. Bal. end
Clo 6.00.. 72.00.. 60.39 11.61. .of 12 mo.
Sund 3.73.. 44.76.. 49.16 4.40 $7.58
$42.31. .$507.72. .$476.10. .$483.68. .$10.40. .$42.02
32
The Minimum Cost of Living
Est. of needs Act. Exp. Act. Inc.
1 mo. IS mo. 12 mo. 12 mo.
Family No. 6, Woman, 3 children, 8, 6, 4
Rent $10.00. .$120.00. .$120.00. .$515.61
Food 18.07.. 210.84.
F. &L.... 3.25.. 39.00.
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.
Sund 4.39.. 52.68.
Act. over Act. under
budget budget Summary
256.05 $39.21
27.19 $11.81..Bal. end
47.37 48.63. .of 12 mo.
64.95 12.27 $.05
$43.71. .$524.52. .$515.56. .$515.61. .$51.48. .$60.44
Family No. 7, Woman, 3 children, 8, 6, 4
Rent $10.00. .$120.00. .$122.00. .$602.44. .$ 2.00.
Food
. 17.20.
206.40.
F. &L...
. 3.25.
39.00.
Clo
. 8.00.
96.00.
Sund....
. 5.25.
63.00.
219.72 13.32
31.77 $ 7.23. .Bal. end
47.06 48.94. .of 12 mo.
134.49 71.49 $47.40
$43.70. .$524.40. .$555.04. .$602.44. .$86.81. .$56.17
Family No. 8, Woman, 3 children, 17, 11, 5
Rent $11.00. .$132.00. .$151.00. .$701.36. .$19.00.
Food . . .
. . 27.85.
. 334.20
F. &L..
.. 3.25.
. 39.00
Clo
. . 10.00.
. 120.00
Sund . . .
. . 7.68.
. 92.16
$59.78.
.$717.36
307 . 08 $26 . 52
16.85 22. 15.. Bal. end
79.53 40.47. .of 12 mo.
126.05 34.49 $19.65
.$681. 71.. $701. 36.. $53. 49. .$89. 14
Family No. 9, Woman, 3 children, 14, 10, 8
Rent $12.00. .$144.00. .$135.00. .$535.03 $ 9.00.
Food . .
F. &L.
Clo. . . .
Sund..
20.27..
3.25..
8.00..
3.47..
243.24.,
39.00.
96.00.
41.64..
220.76 22.46
32.59 0.41.. Bal. end
43.54 52. 46.. of 12 mo.
79.90 $38.26 $23.22
$46.99. .$563.88. .$511.81. .$535.03. .$38.26. .$90.33
Family No. 10, Woman, 3 children, 11, 8, 6
Rent $16. 00.. $192. 00.. S1S4. 00.. $594. 46 $ 8.00.
Food . . .
. . 18.84.
. 220.08.
F. &L..
.. 3.25.
. 39.00.
Clo. . . .
. . 8.00.
. 96.00.
Sund . . .
. . 3.38.
. 40.56.
$49.47.
.$593.64.
291.49 $65.41
28.31 10. 69.. Bal. end
35.18 60. 82.. of 12 mo.
47.27 6.71 $8.21
.$586.25. .$594. 46.. $72. 12.. $79. 51
Expense Accounts of the Seventy-five Families 33
Est. of needs Act. Exp. Act. Inc. Act. over Act. under
1 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. budget budget Summary
Family No. 11, Woman, 3 children, 11, 10, 5
Rent $ 8.00..$ 96.00..$ 84.00. .$491.05 $12.00
Food 21.84.. 262.08.. 259.35 2.72
F. &L 3.25.. 39.00.. 33.61 5.39..Bal. end
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 57.13 38.87. .of 12 mo.
Sund 2.91.. 34.92.. 56.28 $21.36 $.68
$44.00. .$528.00. .$490.37. .$491.05. .$21.36. .$58.98
Family No. 12, Woman, 3 children, 8, 6, 4
Rent $13.00. .$156.00. .$156.00. .$572.27
Food 20.02.. 240.24.. 261.47 $21.23
F. &L 3.25.. 39.00.. 30.40 $8.60..Bal. end
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 72.91 23.09. .of 12 mo.
Sund 3.60.. 43.20.. 51.24 8.04 $.25
$47.87. .$572.02. .$572.02. .$572.27. .$29.27. . $31.69
Family No. 13, Woman, 3 children, 12, 10, 7
Rent $21.00. .$252.00. .$252.00 . .$731.48
Food 20.48.. 245.76.. 336.11 $90.35
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 35.83 $3.27..Bal. end
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 48.00 48.00. .of 12 mo.
Sund 3.95.. 47.40.. 56.21 8.81 $3.33
$56. 68. .$680. 16.. $728. 15.. $731. 48.. $99. 16.. $51. 27
Family No. 14, Woman, 3 children, 12, 10, 7
Rent $18. 00.. $216. 00.. $216. 00.. $711. 14
Food 20.48.. 245.76.. 313.76 $68.00
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 36.85 $2.15
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 63.45 32. 55.. Hal. end
Sund 2.00.. 24.00.. 38.50 14.50 of 12 mo.
C. F 3.90.. 46.80.. 35.80 11. 00.. $6. 78
$55.63. .$667.56. .$704.36. .$711.14. .$82.50. .$45.70
Family No. 15, Woman, 3 children, 10, 9, 3
Rent $11. 00.. $132. 00. .$1.32.00 .. $516.16
Food
. 22.11.,
265.32.
F.&L...
. 3.25..
39.00
Clo
,. 8.00.,
, 96.00
Sund. ...
. 2.00..
24.00,
259.24 $ 6.08
32.81 6. 19.. Hal. end
53.44 42.56. .of 12 mo.
32.66 $ 8.66 $6.01
$46.36. .$556.32. .$510. 15.. $516. 16..$ 8.66. «?^4.83
34 The Minimum Cost of Living
Est. of needs Act. Exp. Act. Inc. Act. over Act. under
1 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. budget budget Summary
Family No. 16, Woman, 3 children, 12, 8, 6
Rent $13.00. .$156.00. .$143.00. .$642.86 $13.00
Food 28.21.. 338.52.. 306.51 32.01
F. &L 3.25.. 39.00.. 32.55 6.45
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 56.53 39.47. .Bal. end
Sund 3.66.. 43.92.. 63.72 $19.80 of 12 mo.
C. F 4.60.. 55.20.. 31.25 23,95. .$9.30
$60. 72.. $728. 64.. $633. 56.. $642. 86.. $19. 80. $114. 85
Family No. 17, Woman, 3 children, 10, 8, 5
.$ 84. 00.. $503. 29 $84.00
. 270.10 $53.86
. 36.23 2. 77.. Bal. end
. 57.97 38.03. .of 12 mo.
. 44.53 2.53 • $10.46
Rent . . .
..$14.00.
.$108.00.
Food. ..
. . 18.02.
. 216.24.
F.&L..
. . 3.25.
. 39.00.
Clo
. . 8.00.
. 96.00.
Sund . . .
. . 3.50.
. 42.00.
$46. 77.. $561. 24. .$492.83. .$503.29. .$56. 39. $124. 80
Family No. 18, Woman, 3 children, 14, 11, 4
Rent $10.00. .$120.00. .$ 99.25. .$406.25 $20.75
Food 19.66.. 235.92.. 230.62 5.30
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 39.77 $ .77 Bal. end
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 54.74 41.26. .of 12 mo.
Sund 2.00.. 24.00.. 30.42 6.42 $11.45
$42.91. .$514.92. .$454.80. .$466.25. .$ 7.19. .$67.31
Family No. 19, Woman, 3 children, 12, 10, 9
Rent $13.00. .$156.00. .$149.50. .$526.65 $ 6.50
Food 18.44.. 221.28.. 241.29 $20.01
F.&L.... 3.25.. 39.00.. 24.81 14. 19.. Bal. end
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 57.35 38.65. .of 12 mo.
Sund 2.65.. 31.80.. 42.51 10.71 $11.19
$45.34. .$544.08. .$515.40. .$526.65. .$30.72. .$59.34
Family No. 20, Woman 3 children, 11, 9, 6,
Rent $ 1.00..$ 12.00..$ 12.00. .$494.61
Food 18.02.. 216.24.. 290.00 $73.76
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 36.90. .^ $2. 10. .Bal. end
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 65.05 30.95. .of 12 mo.
Sund 3.73.. 44.76.. 75.25 30.49 $15.41
$34. 00.. $408. 00.. $479. 20. .$494.01 .$104.25. .$33.05
Expense Accounts of the Seventy-five Families 35
Est. of needs Act. Exp. Act. Inc. Act. over Act. under
1 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. budget budget Summary
Family No. 21, Woman, 3 children, 14, 11, 8
.$111. 00.. $554. 63. .$15.00
. 277.02 41.10
. 29.69 $9.31..Bal. end
. 48.58 47. 42.. of 12 mo.
. 69.56 22.16 $18.78
Rent. ..
..$ 8.00.
.$ 96.00.
Food...
. . 19.65.
. 2.35.92.
F. & L. .
. . 3.25.
. 39.00.
Clo
. . 8.00.
. 96.00.
Sund...
.. 3.95.
. 47.40.
$42. 85.. $514. 32.. $535. 85. .$554. 63.. $78. 26.. $56. 73
Family No. 22, Woman, 3 children, 10, 7, 4
Rent $10.00. .$120.00. .$105.00. .$415.89 $15.00
Food 25.39.. 304.68.. 237.18 67.50
F. &L 3.25.. 39.00.. 43.00 $4.06 Bal. end
Clo 10.00.. 120.00.. 11.76 108.24. .of 12 mo.
Sund 4.00.. 48.00.. 17.32 30.68. .$1.57
$52. 64.. $631. 68.. $414. 32.. $415. 89..$ 4. 06. $221. 42
Family No. 23, Woman, 3 children, 11, 8, 5
Rent $15.00. .$180.00. .$180.00. .$698.86
Food 24.57.. 294.84.. 311.14 $16.30
F. &L 3.25.. 39.00.. 41.59 2.59
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 42.29 .$53.71. .Bal. end
Simd 4.50.. 54.00.. 98.77 44.77 of 12 mo.
C. F 2.60.. 31.20.. 22.00 9. 20.. $3. 07
$57.92. .$695.04. .$695.79. .$698.86. .$63.66. .$62.91
Family No. 24, Woman, 3 children, 12, 11, 10 .
Rent $13.00. .$156.00. .$149.50. .$559.09 $ 6.50
Food 20.47.. 245.64.. 267.18 $21.54
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 25.06 13.94. .Bal. end
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 78.20 17.80. .of 12 mo.
Sund 3.50.. 42.00.. 32.66 9. 34.. $6. 49
$48.22. .$578.64. .$552.60. .$559.09. .$21.54. .$47.58
Family No. 25, Woman, 3 children, 14, 10, 8
Rent $11.00. .$132.00. .$138.00. .$657.66. .$ 6.00
Food 29.48.. 353.76.. 322.37 $31.39
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 34.35 4. 65.. Bal. end
Clo 10.00.. 120.00.. 60.42 59.58. .of 12 mo.
Sund 4.60.. 55.20.. 92.21 37.01 $10.31
$58.33. .$699.96. .$647.35. .$657.66. .$41.01. .$95.62
36
The Minimum Cost of Living
Est. of needs Act. Exp. Act. Inc. Act. over Act. under
1 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. budget budget Summary
Family No. 26. Woman, 3 children, 10, 8, 5
Rent $14. 00.. $168. 00.. $157. 00., $651. 46 $11.00
Food 24.47.. 293.64.. 309.12 $15.48
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 17.83 21.17. .Bal. end
CIo 8.00.. 96.00.. 71.83 24. 17. .of 12 mo.
Sund 3.51.. 42.12.. 91.64 49.52 $4.04
$53.23. .$638.76. .$647.42. .$651.46. .$65.00. .$56.34
Family No. 27, Woman, 3 children, 15, 10, 9
Rent $14.00. .$168.00. .$179.50. .$008.88. .$11.50
Food 22.11.. 265.32.. 238.63 $26.69
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 36.18 2. 82.. Bal. end
Clo 8.00.. 96.00.. 101.71 5.71 of 12 mo.
Sund 3.00.. 36.00.. 51.32 15.32 $1.54
$50.36. .$704.32. . .$607 . 34 . . $608 . 88 . .$32.53. .$29.51
Family No. 28, Woman, 3 children, 12, 10, 7
Rent $13.00.
Food 22.11.
F.&L.... 3.25.
Clo 8.00.
Sund 2.00.
$156
00
265
32
39
00
96
00
24
00
.$156.00. .$592.74
. 259.55 $ 5.77
. 26.88 12.12 Bal. end
. 43.69 52.31. .of 12 mo.
. 65.04 $41.04 $35.58
$48.36. .$580.32. .$551.16. .$592.74. .$41.04. .$71.20
Family No. 29, Woman, 3 children, 11, 8, 6
Rent $10.00. .$120.00. .$115.00. .$396.55 $ 5.00.
Food . . .
. 19.66.
235.92
F.&L...
. 3.25.
39.00
Clo
. 8.00.
96.00
Sund . . .
. 3.30.
39.60
193.67 42.25
15.95 23.05 Bal. end
34.81 61. 19.. of 12 mo.
33.41 6. 19. .$3.71
$44.21. .$530.52. .$392.84. .$396.55 $137.68
Family No. 30, Woman, 4 children, 15, 13, 12, 10
Rent $19.00. .$228.00
Food 27.84..
F.&L. .. 3.25..
Clo 10.00..
Sund 2.00..
334 . 08
39.00
120.00
24.00
$.52.09. ..$745.08
.$208.25. .$671.38 $19.75
. 342 . 63 $ 8 . 55
...39.44 M Bal. end
. 31.31 88.69. .of 12 mo.
. 47.15 23.15 $2.60
.$668.78. .$071.38. .$32. M $108.44
Expense Accounts of the Seventy-five Families 37
Est. of needs Act. Exp. Act. Inc. Act. over Act. under
1 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. 12 mo. budget budget Summary
Family No. 31, Woman, 4 children, 13, 11, 9, 7
Rent $14.00. .S168.00. .$148.00. .$515.10. . $26.38. .$20.00
Food 24.57.. 294.84.. 220.55 74.29
F.&L 3.25.. 39.00.. 18.92 20.08. .Bal. end
Clo 10.00.. 120.00.. 55.59 64 .41. .of 12 mo.
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