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194 A Short History of the

Society by their Corresponding Members, the Bajah
Bajendra Mullick, Mr. A. Grote, F.Z.S., Dr. John
Anderson, and other friends in the East. He returned
in August 1867, having unfortunately lost many of the
animals by death on the passage, but the following
were safely brought home and deposited in the Society's
Gardens : —

2 Black Tibetan Wolves. 4 Demoiselle Cranes.

1 Gayal (female). 2 Polyplectrons.

1 Panolia Deer. 1 White Fruit Pigeon.

1 Entellus Monkey. 1 Bronze Pigeon.

2 Slow Loris. 1 Singing Pigeon.

1 Indian Badger. 1 Hemipode ; and

2 Mitred Pelicans. 8 Water Tortoises,

A young male Walrus, brought to Dundee from Davis
Straits by a Steam-whaler, was purchased this year, but
did not live long. A female Lyre-bird was also acquired.
In March the Sea-lion, purchased in January 1866, died,
having swallowed a hook in the fish with which it was
fed. Lecomte, the keeper, was sent out to the Falkland
Islands to obtain another example, and to make a
zoological collection.

The undated tickets for Saturdays and Sundays were
abolished this year, and in place of them books of dated
tickets were issued to Fellows.

With the close of the scientific session of 1866-67, the
meetings at the Linnean Society's Booms, Burlington
House, came to an end, and were subsequently always
held on the Society's premises in Hanover Square. The
business of the Library having greatly increased, a clerk
was appointed to take charge of this branch of the
scientific establishment.

The income of 1867 amounted to £25,041, and the
expenditure to £26,209. The number of Fellows was
2,702. The admissions to the Gardens were 556,214.



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Zoological Society of London. 195



1868.

President: The Viscount Walden.

Treasurer: Eobebt Dbummond, Esq.

Secretary: P. L. Sclater, Esq., F.E.S.



At the Anniversary Meeting of 1868 the election
as President of Arthur, Viscount Walden (afterwards
Marquess of Tweeddale), which had been made by the
Council on January 15th this year, was confirmed.

In the South Garden the Deer Sheds were completed
this year, and the' animals transferred to them; and n
large iron water tank was erected in the south-east
corner, in place of the old reservoir. In the Middle
Garden the new Elephant-house was commenced, but the
contractors were unable to complete the firs't part of the
building at the time specified (Nov. 1st).

The list of donors was long, and was headed by the
names of the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Edinburgh.
Among the more remarkable of the species exhibited for
the first time were a Hoolock Gibbon, presented by Mr.
A. Grote, F.Z.S. ; and an African Two-horned Ehinoceros
(22. bicomis), captured in Upper Nubia, and purchased from
Mr. Carl Hagenbeck of Hamburg, This was believed to
be the first specimen of an African Ehinoceros received
aiive in Europe since the days of the Eomans. An Aard
Wolf, a Smooth-headed Capuchin, and a Spanish Ibex
were also new to the collection. A pair of Syrian Wild
Asses, a young male Koodoo, a male Lyre-bird (making up
a pair), and a Eegent-bird (new to the collection) were
valuable acquisitions.

In August 1868 Lecomte returned from the Falkland
Islands ; but,- through no fault of his, the resiilts obtained
from his journey were disappointingly small. He left
Port Stanley with a ' good stock of animals, including

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196 . A Short History of the

four Sea-lions, and upwards of eighty other mammals and
birds. Seventy of these died before Monte Video was
reached. At this port they were transhipped for home,
and for some time the four Sea-lions remained in good
condition ; but a passenger having died of yellow fever,
the stock of fish laid in to feed these animals was thrown
overboard on account of its smell. Three of the Sea-lions
consequently died, and the fourth was kept alive with
difficulty. Lecomte brought safely to the Gardens

1 Sea-Lion. 1 Kelp Goose.

1 Antarctic Wolf. 2 Upland Geese.

2 Foster's Milvagos. 1 Dominican Gull*

The breeding list of 1869 contains thirty-four mammals
and thirty birds. On December 31st, the number of
specimens in the Menagerie was 1,970.

The income of 1869 amounted to £24,958, and the
expenditure to £26,313. The number of Fellows on
December 31st was 2,924. The admissions to the Gardens
were 573,186.



President : The ViscoTOT Walben.

Treasurer; Eobeet Drummond, Esq.

Secretary : P» L. Sclater, Esq., F.B.S.



This year the land on the north side of the Canal,
surrendered to the Crown in 1841, was again granted to
the Society by the Commissioners of Works at a yearly
rental of £20 7s. 8d.

The new Elephant-house was completed, and when-
opened in the summer contained the following animals : —

2 African Elephants (male and female).
2 Indian Elephants (male and female).
2 Indian Rhinoceroses (male and female).
1 African Rhinoceros (male).. ,
1 American Tapir (male)*



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Zoological Society of London. 197

The Council in their Eeport pronounced this to be " the
finest and most nearly complete series of the larger repre-
sentatives of the Cuvierian order of Pachyderms ever
brought together in Europe." The upper story of the
Elephant-house contained fotir rooms for keepers and
two large lofts for forage. The Gazelle Sheds adjoining
the Hippppotamus-house were rebuilt in 1869, and in the
South Gardens the [Refreshment Booms were reconstructed
on a larger scale.

Among the more important additions to the Menagerie
in 1869 were a Cape Ant-bear (believed to be the first
brought alive to Europe), six Amherst's Pheasants, and
an Owen's Apteryx (the first specimen received alive in
Europe), two Pere David's Deer (male and female) and a
Panda. The breeding list records twenty-nine mammals
and twenty-eight birds. The census of specimens in the
Menagerie taken on December 31st showed an increase of
forty-three over the corresponding period in 1868.

In 1869 the eighth part of the sixth volume of the
Society's * Transactions,' completing the volume, was
issued. Amongst the memoirs in this volume occur the
names of Allman, Parker, Gray, Mivart, and Flower.
The eleventh and twelfth parts of Prof. Owen's memoirs
on Dinomis were likewise published in this volume.

The Silver Medal of the Society was awarded this
year to Sir Rutherford Alcock for his present of a pair of
Pfere David's Deer, and the Bronze Medal to Mr. William
Penney, F.Z.S., for his numerous donations to the Fish-
house.

The income in 1869 amounted to £22,768, and the
expenditure to £25,748. The number of Fellows on
December 31st was 2,966. The admissions to the Gardens
were 572,848,



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198 A Short History of the



l870.

President: The Viscount Walden.

Treasurer : Bobert Drummond, Esq.

Secretary : P. L. Sclater, Esq., F.B.S.



In 1870 the principal works carried on at the Gardens
were the making of yards and ponds, the erection of
fences for the new Elephant-house, and the formation of
the terrace walk in front of it. Among the mammals
added to the Menagerie in 1870 were a new Busine
Deer from the Philippines (Cervus nigricans), a Side-
striped Jackal from Gaboon, a Deer of a new species,
named Cervus alfredi in honour of the Duke of Edinburgh,
who sent the specimen to the Society, and three Bladder-
nosed Seals. The more noticeable birds received were
Blyth's Tragopan, a Sclater's Monaul, a Huia (Heteralocha
gouldi), a Bosy Spoonbill, a Burmeister's Cariama, a Bed-
necked Bustard, and a Bed-tailed Guan. A Kakapo or
Night Parrot of New Zealand was received on deposit.

The breeding list of 1870 contained 25 mammals and
26 birds. On December 31st, the number of specimens in
the Menagerie was 2,118, showing an increase of 105
during the year.

In 1870 a legacy of £2000, bequeathed to the Society
by Mr. Alfred Davis, F.Z.S., was received. It was to
form a " perpetual fund, the income from which is to be
applied to the creation of prizes, or any other purpose
which may seem to the Council of the Society most
conducive to its interests." The legacy was invested in
L. & S. W. Eailway Preference Stock.

Dr. Murie resigned his office of Prosector in March of
this year, but at the request of the Council continued
nominally in the post in order to complete certain zoological
memoirs for the ' Transactions.'



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Zoological Society of London. 199

The income in 1870 amounted to £23,257, and the
expenditure to £24,408. The number of Fellows on
December 31st was 3,021. The admissions to the Gardens
were 573,004.



I87I,

President: The Viscount Walden.

Treasurer: Eobebt Dbummond, Esq.

Secretary: P. L. Sclatee, Esq., F.E.S.



In 1871 works at the Gardens were of a minor character,
the most important being two new water mains laid down
to supply the North Garden and the Hippopotamus Pond.

The Queen, the Prince of Wales, and the Duke of Edin-
burgh headed the list of donors. Examples of eight species
of mammals, nine of birds, and six of reptiles were exhibited
for the first time. Among the mammals of special interest
were a young male Anoa, a Baird's Tapir, a Cape Sea-lion
(the only one which arrived out of three examples sent to
the Society by Sir Henry Barkly), and two Grey Seals.
The new birds included examples of the Peruvian Thick-
knee, the Fregate Bird, and the Sulphury Tyrant-bird. A
female example of Prince Alfred's Deer, closely resembling
the male in all but the absence of antlers, was received
in exchange in April, and in December a fawn of this
species was born. A Kakapo (Stringops habroptilus)
was presented by Mr. D. L. Murdoch, of Auckland, New
Zealand.

The breeding list of 1871 included thirty-two mammals
and twenty-two birds. The most important birth was that
of a Hippopotamus on February 14th, though the little one
lived only two days. Mr. Bartlett's notes on the subject
were printed in the 'Proceedings' for this year. The
skin was carefully mounted for the British Museum, the
skeleton and preparations of the internal organs were



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£00 A Short History of the

preserved in the Museum of the Boyal College of Surgeons,
and a plaster cast of the calf was made and presented to
the Society by Mr. Frank Buckland.

In 1871 the Zoological Eecord Association was founded
for the purpose of publishing a series of Annual Beports
containing a complete index of the Zoological literature
of each year. To this Association the Council devoted
the first year's interest of t^he Davis Fund.

At the end of the year Mr. E. B. Sharpe tendered his
resignation as Librarian, in order to be able to devote
more attention to some important works on Ornithology;
The Council accepted his resignation with regret, and
early in 1872 Mr. F. H. Waterhouse was appointed to the
vacant post.

The income in 1871 amounted to £24,620, and the
expenditure to £22,037. The number of Fellows on
December 31st was 3,047. The admissions to the Gardens
were 595,917.



1872.

President: The Viscount Walden.

Treasurer: Eobert Drummond, Esq.

Secretary: P. L. Sclater, Esq., F.B.S.



The most important work carried out in 1872 was the
construction of the bridge over the Begent's Canal, con-
necting the new grounds on its north bank with the
Gardens. The north entrance and lodge were commenced,
but were not completed till 1873. A new iron front and
new doors and bars were fitted to the Hippopotamus-
house.

The Prince of Wales again headed the list of donors.
Examples of seventeen species of mammals and of forty-
eight of birds were exhibited for the first time. Among
the former, the most important were the Siimatran and the



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Zoological Society of London. 201

Hairy-eared Bhinoceroses, the Beatrix Antelope, and the
Bed Brocket from Brazil. The latter included Maximilian's
Aragari, the Kea or Mountain Parrot, the American Darter,
the Crested Screamer, Denham's Bustard, two species of
Tinamous, and the Southern Apteryx.

The breeding list of 1872 included thirty-five mammals
and twenty-six birds. The most important births were
two young Hippbpotamuses. The first, a male, was born
on January 6th, and died on January 10th. On November
5th, the second, a female, was born, and named " Guy
Fawkes," in commemoration of the day. This is the
larger of the two specimens now in the Gardens. It is
noteworthy that this calf was reared by its dam ; the only
case of rearing a young Hippopotamus up to that time
having been in the Gardens at Amsterdam. There, how-
ever, the calf was taken away from the mother and
brought up by hand. In acknowledgment of the great
skill and care shown by Mr. Bartlett upon this occasion,
and of the services he had rendered generally to the
Society, the Council presented him with the Silver Medal
of the Society. The Bronze Medal was also given to the
two keepers, Prescot and Thomson, in acknowledgment
of their services on this occasion.

The number of specimens in the Menagerie on Dec.
31st, 1872, was 2,010, showing a decrease of sixty-two as
compared with the number on the corresponding date
of 1871. ' "

Mr. Alfred Henry Garrod, B.A., entered on his duties
as Prosector on January 1st of this year, and, as is well
known from his communications to the Scientific Meetings,
directed special attention to the anatomy of birds.

A revised ' List (fifth edition) of the Vertebrated Ani-
mals living in the Society's Gardens * was prepared by the
Secretary and issued in 1872, and contained nearly a com-
plete catalogue of all the living vertebrates received by the
Society during the previous ten years. It was illustrated
by thirty wood-cuts, mostly taken from the Society's
* Proceedings,* and comprised the names of 498 mammals,
1,044 birds, 181 reptiles, 35 batrachians, and 68 fishes.



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202 A Short History of the

Early in 1872 the seventh volume of the Society's
'Transactions' was completed by the issne of Part 8.
The principal contributors to this volume were Professor
Owen, Sir William Flower, and Dr. Murie. This volume
also contains an article by Dr. Finsch, C.M.Z.S., on the
birds collected by Jesse, the Zoologist of the Abyssinian
Expedition.

As in the previous year, the interest of the Davis
bequest was devoted to the Zoological Eecord Association.

A Catalogue of the Library was issued in 1872, and
£206 was spent in the purchase of new books.

The income in 1872 amounted to £26,728, and the
expenditure to £26,900. The number of Fellows on
December 31st was 3,050. The admissions to the Gardens
were 648,088, of whom 44,608 passed the gates on Whit-
Monday (May 20th), the greatest number admitted in any
day since the Gardens had been opened.



1873-

President : The Viscount Walden.

Treasurer: Eobebt Dbtjmmond, Esq.

Secretary: P. L. Sclateb, Esq., F.E.S.



In 1873 the main Befreshment-room in the South
Garden was rebuilt, to correspond with the new dining-
rooms erected in 1869. The new lodge and entrance
gates opposite Primrose Hill were also completed, and the
land on the north side of the Canal was fenced and
laid out, and this part of the Gardens was opened to the
public.

The list of species new to the collection exhibited during
this year comprised seventeen mammals, fifty-four birds,
fourteen reptiles, six batrachians, and six fishes. Among
the mammals the most noteworthy were two species of



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Zoological Society of London. 203

Monkeys of the genus Colobus, a Sharp-nosed Badger, a
Muscat Gazelle, a Virginian Deer, and a Chinese Water
Deer. The new birds included a Collared Jay Thrush, a
Tabuan Parrakeet, a Violet-necked Lory, a Boyce's Stork,
a Chinese Scaup Duck, an Amazonian Guan, a White-
necked Crane, and a Bock-hopper Penguin.

Twenty species of mammals and twenty- two of birds
were registered in the breeding list of 1873. The number
of animals in the Menagerie on December 31st was
2,187, showing an increase of 177 over the number at the
corresponding period in 1872.

The interest of the Davis bequest was employed for
assistance in the publication of the Zoological Becord.

The income in 1873 amounted to £28,099, and the
expenditure to £27,667. The number of Fellows on
December 31st was 3,173. The admissions to the Gardens
were 713,046.



1874.

President; The Viscount Walden, F.B.S.

Treasurer: Eobebt DrtjMmond, Esq.

Secretary: P. L. Sclater, Esq., F.E.S.



In 1874 the only important work undertaken was the
erection of the North Aviary, on the new ground opposite
the north end of the bridge. The Lodge at the South
Entrance was enlarged, and the Picture Gallery was fitted
up as a hall for the lectures to which the interest of the
Davis bequest was this year devoted. These lectures were
delivered on Tuesdays and Fridays, between Easter and
Whitsuntide. The first, on the Animals in the Gardens,
and the following four on the Geographical Distribution
of Mammals, were given by the Secretary, Mr. Sclater.
Mr. A. H. Garrod, the Prosector, delivered a course of
five lectures on the General Classification of Vertebrates,



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£04 A Short History of the

and Dr. W. B. Carpenter two on the Aquarium and its
Inhabitants.

The Princess Beatrice headed the list of donors this
year. Twenty -one mammals, forty -five birds, nine
reptiles, one batrachian, and one fish, new to the
collection, were exhibited. Among the mammals the
most noteworthy were a Sondaic Bhinoceros, an Arabian
Gazelle, a Beisa Antelope, a Pampas Deer, a Raccoon
Dog, a Servaline Cat, a Dusky Monkey, a Black-tailed
Marmoset, and a Black-fronted Lemur. The birds
included a Malayan Hornbill, Finsch's, the Blue-faced,
and Guilding's Amazons, Goffin's Cockatoo, the Pink-
headed Duck, the Falcated Teal, the Gentoo Penguin,
and examples of three species of Cassowary.

The breeding-list of 1874 contained twenty-three
mammals and thirty birds. The number of specimens
in the Menagerie on December 31st was 2,122, as con-
trasted with 2,187 on the corresponding date in the
previous year.

On the 2nd of October this year an explosion took
place in a boat loaded with gunpowder on the canal near
the Gardens, causing great damage to some of the
aviaries and other buildings.

In June, 1874, the eighth volume of the Society's
'Transactions' was completed by the issue of Part 9.
of that volume. It contained sixteen memoirs, amongst
the authors of which were Flower, Owen, Dr. Murie,
Mivart, and Allman. Two important memoirs on the
Cetaceans, by Flower, formed part of this volume, as
also two of Owen's memoirs on Dmornis (parts xviii.
and xix.).

In this year Mr. Brian H. Hodgson, formerly Besident
at the Court of Nepaul, presented to the Society a fine
collection of original drawings of the mammals and birds
of India. As an acknowledgment of this donation and of
his eminent services to Zoology, Mr. Hodgson was elected
an Honorary Member of the Society. Col. S. B. Tickell
also presented an original illustrated MS. work, in nine
folio volumes, containing memoirs on the Mammals,



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Zoological Society of London* 20S

Birds, Reptiles, Fishes, Crustacea and Lepidoptera of
India.

A grant of £100 was made to the Zoological Station,
Naples, in 1874, to assist Dr. Dohrn in establishing that
institution on a permanent footing.

The income of 1874 amounted to £28,417, and the
expenditure to £25,577. The number of Fellows on
December 31st was 3,197. The admissions to the Gardens
were 706,907.



1875.

President : The Viscount Walden, F.B.S*

Treasurer : Bobert Drummond, Esq.

Secretary : P. L. Sclater, Esq., F.B.S.



In February, 1875, the new Lion-house was com-
menced and the main building was practically completed
before the end of the year. It is described in the
Council's Beport as being at that period the largest and
best building yet erected for keeping the larger Carnivora.
" The total length is 228 ft., and the width from the walls
to the front of the dens 35 ft. There are fourteen dens,
each of which will accommodate a pair of animals, and to
each den there are two inside compartments, so that the
animals cap be separated if necessary. At the back of the
building are day-rooms and sleeping-rooms for the keepers."
The first Tortoise-house in the North Garden was also
built this year.

Seventeen species of mammals, thirty-nine of birds,
Bix of reptiles, one batrachian, and three fishes were
exhibited for the first time in 1875. Among the mammals
were the Tora Antelope, Grant's Gazelle, a Philippine
Deer, and a Manatee.

The breeding-list of 1875 contained twenty mammals
and twenty birds. The number of specimens in the



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206 A Short History of the

Menagerie on December 31st was 2,205, showing an
increase of eighty-three over the number at the corres-
ponding date in 1874.

The interest of Davis Fund was again devoted to
popular lectures at the Gardens.

A supplement to the 'Bevised List of Vertebrated
Animals/ published in 1872, was issued this year. It con-
tained the names of the animals received during the
previous three years, which belonged to species not
included in the Eevised List.

Three new Honorary Members were elected this year :
Col. Tickell, in acknowledgment of his valuable donation
to the Library, and of his services to Zoology ; the Hon.
Ashley Eden, for assistance rendered to the Society while
he was Commissioner of Burmah; and the Sultan of
Zanzibar,, for his donations to the Menagerie.

Special leave of absence was granted by the Council to
Mr. Clarence Bartlett, the Assistant Superintendent, in
order that he might act as Zoological Collector during the
Indian tour of the Prince of Wales.

The income of 1875 amounted to £28,738, and the
expenditure to £31,667. The number of Fellows on
December 31st was 3,241. The admissions to the Gardens
were 699,918.



I876.

President : The Viscount Walden, F.E.S.

Treasurer: Bobert Drummond, Esq.

Secretary: P. L. Sclater, Esq., F.B.S.



In 1876 the Lion House was finished, and early in
the year the larger Felidae were removed to their new
dens. The transfer of the animals excited a good deal of
interest, and Mr. Bartlett^ the Superintendent, received
a number of suggestions as to how this could best ba



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Zoological Society of London.



207



accomplished. It was, however, effected in a very simple
manner. The animals, one by one, were enticed into
travelling boxes by food placed at the far end. As each
entered what was practically a trap, a keeper told off for
the duty dropped the sliding door behind it. The bell
was then rung, the keepers gathered together on the
Terrace, the travelling den was wheeled to the Lion
House, and its occupant safely deposited in its new home.
The operation of shifting was necessarily somewhat slow ;
but it was managed without the slightest accident to
man or beast. At the date of the Anniversary there were
in the new house six Lions, seven Tigers, two Jaguars,
two Leopards, three Pumas, and one Clouded Tiger —
twenty-one in all.

The great event of 1876 was the deposit by the Prince
of Wales (now the King) of the collection made by him
during his Indian tour. The animals arrived at the
Gardens in May, in excellent condition, in charge of Mr.
Clarence Bartlett, the Assistant Superintendent. The
following is a list of the animals placed by H.E.H.
under the care of the Society : —



Mammals.



2 Green Monkeys.
2 Rhesus Monkeys.
5 Tigers.

7 Leopards.
1 Cheetah.
1 Viverrine Cat.

1 Indian Civet.

4 Tailless Dogs.

8 Tibetan Mastiffs.

2 White Dogs.
2 Indian Wild Dogs.

1 Grey-winged Blackbird.

2 Wedge-tailed Pigeons.

5 Domestic Pigeons.
8 Surat Doves.

1 Black Francolin.

2 Hill Francolins.

4 Chukar Partridges.
15 Impeyan Pheasants.



Birds.



1 Himalayan Bear,
. 1 Sloth Bear.

4 Indian Elephants.
6 Domestic Sheep.

2 Thar Goats.
4 Shawl Goats.

8 Indian Antelopes.
2 Zebus.

2 Spotted Porcine Deer.
8 Axis Deer ; and
2 Musk Deer.

21 Cheer Pheasants.
2 Pucras Pheasants.

4 White-crested Kaleeges.
8 Bankiva Jungle Fowl.

10 Horned Tragopans.

5 Indian Peafowl ; and
8 Ostriches.



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208 A Short History of the

Of these the Prince of Wales presented to the Society
two Tigers, two Leopards, an Elephant, two Antelopes,
and two Tragopans.

Six mammals, fifty-three birds, eight reptile? and one
batrachian were exhibited for the first time in 1876. The
breeding list included twenty-four mammals and twenty-