A record of the progress of the Zoological society of London during the ... online

twelve birds, and sixteen reptiles. During the year the
White-tailed Gnu (Cormochcetus grm) bred for the first
time in the gardens. Among the deaths was that of a
Polar Bear which had lived for about twenty-three years
in the Gardens.

The number of animals in the Menagerie on December
31st was 2,563, showing an increase of thirty-nine over
the number on the corresponding date in 1893.

A course of five lectures, in connection with the
London Society for the Extension of University Teaching,
was delivered by Mr. F. E. Beddard, F.K.S., in the
Lecture Boom in the Gardens on Geographical Dis-
tribution.

The Silver Medal of the Society was bestowed in 1894
on Mr. H. H. (now Sir Harry) Johnston, H.B.M. Com-
missioner for British Central Africa, in recognition of
his distinguished services to all branches of Natural
History during his residence in Nyasaland. Lieut.-Col.
Sir C. B. H. Mitchell, K.C.M.G., Governor of the Straits
Settlements, who had made several valuable donations to
the Society's Menagerie, was elected an Honorary Member.

The income of 1894 amounted to dE25,107, and the
expenditure to d923,616. The number of Fellows on
December 31st was 2,972, and the admissions to the
Gardens were 625,538.



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Zoological Society of London. 237



1895.

President : Sib W. H. Floweb, K.C.B., F.E.S.

Treasurer: Chables Dbtjmmond, Esq.

Secretary: P. L. Sclateb, Esq., F.E.S.



The new scheme for the drainage of the Society's
Gardens, planned in 1894, was brought to a satisfactory
conclusion in 1895. Up to this date the drainage of the
Gardens had, with the acquiescence of the authorities,
been carried into the Begent's Canal. A new sewer,
running along the Outer Circle, having been brought up
to the Gardens by the parochial authorities, the drainage
of the Gardens was now diverted into it at a cost to the
Society of about £1,150. Thus was settled without liti-
gation a serious question, which had occupied the attention
of the Vestries, of the Directors of the Begent's Canal,
and of the Council of the Society for the past fifty years.

The animals new to the Collection exhibited in 1895
were ten mammals, ten birds, ten reptiles, one batrachian,
and one fish. These included the first example of the
southern form of the Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis
capensis), the Alexandra Parrakeet (Polytelis alexandrce),
the Forsten's Lorikeet (Trichoglossus forsteni), and a
specimen of the Australian Frilled Lizard (Ghlamydosaurus
kingi). Other important additions filling gaps in the
Society's Collection were a pair of Brindled Gnus (Con-
nochcetes taurina), and a pair of Sable Antelopes (Hippo-
tragus niger).

The list of breeding species in 1895 included twenty-
three mammals, twenty-two birds, and one reptile. Eggs
were deposited by the Surinam Water Toad (Pipa ameri-
cana) 9 and the egg-bearing female was successfully photo-
graphed. Among the noteworthy deaths were a Cunning



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238 A Short History of the

Bassaris (Bassaris astuta), and the fine male Ostrich
(Struthio camelus), deposited in 1893 by Queen Victoria.

Seth Sutton, after nearly forty years' service in the
Gardens as keeper, retired on a pension in 1895.

In 1895 the thirteenth volume of the Society's quarto
' Transactions ' was brought to a conclusion. It con-
tained fifteen memoirs, which were illustrated by sixty-
two plates. Amongst the authors were Mr. Beddard,
Mr. Boulenger, Dr. Gadow and Dr. Parker. Mr. Boulen-
ger's Catalogue of the Beptiles and Batrachians of
Barbary, and Parker's important account of the Hoatzin,
appeared in this volume.

The number of animals in the Menagerie on December
31st, 1895, was 2,369, showing a decrease of 194 as com-
pared with the corresponding period in 1894.

The income of 1895 amounted to £26,958, and the
expenditure to £25,110. The number of Fellows on
December 31st was 3,027, and the admissions to the
Gardens were 665,326.



1896.

President : Sib W. H. Floweb, K.C.B., F.E.S.

Treasurer: Chables Dbummond, Esq.

Secretary : P. L. Sclateb, Esq., F.E.S.



In 1896 plans were prepared for a new Ostrich-and-
Crane-house, for the site of which the ground was cleared
by removing the sheds and enclosures south of the
Monkey-house. Small works and repairs were carried
on by the Garden staff, the chief of which was the erection
of a row of cages for the more hardy small Carnivora
outside the Small Cats'-house.

The animals exhibited for the first time in 1896 com-
prised eleven mammals, eleven birds, twenty-two reptiles,
and three batrachians. Among these were examples of
Brazza's Monkey (Cercopithesus brazzce) % from French



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Zoological Society of London. 239

Congoland ; of the Clawless Manatee (Mcmatus iwunguis),
from the Amazons ; of a Loder's Gazelle (Gazella loderi),
from Western Egypt ; of the Klipspringer (Oreotragus
saltator) ; of the Lettered Aracaris (Pteroglossus inscrip-
tus) ; and of Franklin's Grills (Larus franklini). In
March a young female Gorilla (Anthropopithecus gorilla)
was purchased, and did well for some months, but died on
August 16th.

The breeding list of 1896 included twenty-one mammals,
sixteen birds, and one reptile. Eggs were again deposited
on the back of the Surinam Water Toad, and on this
occasion the way in which the deposition took place was
fortunately discovered, and described in the Society's
' Proceedings ' (P. Z. S. 1896, p. 395), by the Superin-
tendent. The most serious loss by death was that of the
male Indian Elephant, Jung Pershad, deposited by the
Prince of Wales on his return from India in 1876. To
fill the vacancy a young elephant from Burmah was
purchased.

Mr. W. J. Williams, the Chief Clerk, who had been in
the Society's service for upwards of thirty-seven years,
retired at the close of 1896 upon a well-earned pension,
and Mr. W. H. Cole was appointed Chief Clerk in his
place. The charge of the Scientific Meetings and Publi-
cations was then assigned to Mr. George A. Doubleday,
lately Assistant in the Society's Library.

The ninth edition of the ' List of Vertebrated Animals
in the Gardens,' prepared by the Secretary, and published
in 1896, gave references to all the specimens that had been
registered in the books during the previous twelve years,
arranged in systematic order. The names of the species
recorded in previous Lists, of which no examples had been
received during the preceding twelve years, were likewise
inserted in the text, so that the result was a nearly com-
plete catalogue of all the species of Vertebrates of which
living specimens had been received by the Society during
the preceding thirty-four years. This List is illustrated
by seventy woodcuts, and contains the names of 3,044
species of vertebrates.



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240 A Short History of the

The number of animals in the Menagerie on December
31st, 1896, was 2,473, showing an increase of 104 as com-
pared with the corresponding period in 1895.

The income of 1896 amounted to £27,081, and the
expenditure to £26,405. The number of Fellows on
December 31st was 3,098, and the admissions to the
Gardens were 665,004.



1897.

President : Sir W. H. Flower, K.C.B., F.E.S.

Treasurer: Charles Drummond, Esq.

Secretary: P. L. Sclater, Esq., F.E.S.



The new Ostrich-and-Crane-house was completed
in 1897, at a total cost of £3,383. The southern half
of the building, with twelve compartments, was devoted
to the Eatite birds, with the Ostriches in the centre. The
northern half of the building, with sixteen compartments,
was assigned to the Storks and Cranes. The new Tortoise-
house, almost immediately adjoining the Eeptile-house,
was erected at a cost of £464, towards which the Hon.
Walter Eothschild kindly contributed £150. Besides these
new buildings a great number of smaller works, repairs,
and renewals were carried out by the Society's workmen.

The species new to the collection in 1897 comprised
twelve mammals, eighteen birds, twenty reptiles, two
batrachians, and one fish. Among these the most note-
worthy among the mammals were the Tantalus Monkey
(Cercopithecus tantalus), the Altai Deer {Gervus euste-
phanus), the White-naped Weasel (P&cilogale albinucha),
and a new Wild Cat (Felis dominiccmorum) from China.
Among the new birds exhibited were the Uvsean Parra-
keet (Nymphicus uvcensis), the Pigmy Goose (Nettopus
coromandelianus), Smith's Bronze- winged Pigeon (Geo-



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Zoological Society of London. 241

phaps smithi), the Thick - billed Penguin (Eudyptes
pachyrhynchus), and the White-legged Falconet (Micro-
hierax melanoleucus) . A Daudin's Tortoise (Testudo
daudini), believed to be the largest Land Tortoise now
living, was deposited by the Hon. Walter Eothschild.

The breeding list of 1897 comprised twenty-four
mammals and seventeen birds. Among the more im-
portant deaths were the Snow Leopard, purchased in
1894, and a Eeticulated Python, supposed to be the
largest ever exhibited. A Giraffe, sent as a present by
the Chief Bathoen, of Bechuanaland, to Queen Victoria,
died almost as soon as it had been received at the
Gardens.

The total number of specimens in the Gardens on
December 31st was 2,585, showing an increase of 112
over the corresponding period in 1896.

On May 7th, 1897, Mr. Abraham Dee Bartlett, who
had held the office of Superintendent of the Gardens for
thirty-eight years, died at his residence in the Gardens.
At the following General Meeting the Council recorded
" their deep sense of the services rendered to the Society
by the late Mr. Bartlett, during the long period for which
he had held his post, and of their full appreciation of the
skill, energy, and faithfulness with which he discharged
the multifarious and difficult duties of his office.' ' His
second son, Mr. Clarence Bartlett, who had long been
Assistant Superintendent and Clerk of the Works, was
appointed as his successor.

The Silver Medal of the Society was awarded to
Mr. Alexander Whyte, F.Z.S., for the valuable services
rendered to Zoological Science by his researches in British
Central Africa. Many papers based on his collections
had been published in the ' Proceedings.'

The income of 1897 amounted to £28,713, and the
expenditure to £27,705. The number of Fellows on
December 31st was 3,158, and the admissions to the
Gardens were 717,755.



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242 A Short History of the



1898.

President: Sib W. H. Floweb, K.C.B., F.K.S.

Treasurer: Chables Dbummond, Esq.

Secretary : P. L. Sclateb, Esq., F.E.S.



The principal works executed at the Gardens in 1898
were the Fellows' Tea-Pavilion on the Lawn, opposite to
the Band Stand, and the reconstruction on the old site,
but in an improved form, of the Llama-house. The cost
of the former was £779, and of the latter £767. The
space available at the Western end of the Middle Garden,
owing to the removal of the old Cassowary Sheds and the
transfer of the birds to the Ostrich-house, was utilised
for a new Zebra-house, which was begun this year.
A new bore was made in the well, sunk on the canal
bank in the early days of the Society ; the cost of this,
with a new engine and machinery for raising water, was
£1,288.

The animals new to the collection exhibited in 1898
comprised ten mammals, thirteen birds, fourteen reptiles,
one batrachian, and one fish. Among these were the
Siamang Gibbon (Hylobates syndactylies), the BuppelTs
Colobus (Colobus guereza), the L'Hoest's Monkey (Cerco-
pithecus Vhoesti), and the Bedford Deer (Cervus xantho-
pygius). Two examples of Forster's Lung Fish (Ceratodus
forsteri), from Queensland, were purchased of Mr. D.
O'Connor.

In the breeding list of 1898 were enumerated twenty-
eight mammals and sixteen birds.

Two grants were made for scientific objects in 1898 —
the sum of £100 to the funds of the International Zoolo-
gical Congress, and a similar sum towards the expenses of
preparing an ' Index Generum et Specierum Animalium, ,
a most important work for the future progress of Zoology,
undertaken by Mr. CDavies Sherborn, F.Z.S.



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Zoological Society of London. 243

On August 27th, 1898, the President and Council held
a reception in the Society's Gardens for the Members of
the Fourth International Congress of Zoology, which
had met at Cambridge during the preceding week. The
reception was attended by a large number of Members
of the International Congress and of the Society.

The fourteenth volume of the Society's quarto ' Trans-
actions ' was completed in 1898 by the issue of the eighth
part. It contained eleven Zoological papers by Mr.
Boulenger, Prof. Lankester, Dr. Brady, and other authors.
Mr. Oldfield Thomas's memoir on the new and remarkable
mammals obtained by the late Mr. John Whitehead in
the Philippines appeared in this volume.

In 1898 Mr. F. E. Beddard, F.E.S., Prosector to the
Society, was appointed Vice-Secretary, with the special
object of assisting the Secretary in all matters connected
with the Gardens. A course of ten lectures on Amphi-
bians and Beptiles was delivered by Mr. Beddard in the
Lecture Boom at the Society's Gardens.

The income of 1898 amounted to £29,208, and the
expenditure to £29,698. The number of Fellows on
December 31st was 3,185, and the admissions to the
Gardens were 710,948.



1899.

President : Sir W. H. Flower, K.C.B., F.E.S.

His Grace The Duke of Bedford.

Treasurer: Charles Drummond, Esq.

Secretary : P. L. Sclater, Esq., F.E.S.



In 1899 the internal fittings of the new Zebra-house
were completed and the building was finished at a total
cost of about £1,100. The animals were placed in their



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244 A Short History of the

stalls early in March. The staff of workmen wp,s engaged
in general maintenance and repairs, and in the erection of
several small buildings.

The animals new to the Collection in 1899 comprised
ten mammals, twenty-six birds, five reptiles, and three
fishes. Of the mammals the most important were a pair
of Gravy's Zebras (Equus grevyi) deposited by Queen
Victoria, to whom they had been presented by the Emperor
Menelik of Abyssinia. Besides these fine animals the
series of Equidse in the Gardens then comprised : —

1 African Wild Ass (Equus tamiopus).

1 Somali Wild Ass (E. somalicus).

2 Onagers (E. onager).

1 Eiang (E. hemionus).

6 BurchelTs Zebras (E. burchelli).

2 Mountain Zebras (E. zebra).

Other animals deserving special notice in 1899 were a fine
young male Argali (Ovis ammori), a Cape Jumping Hare
(Pedetes coffer), the first example which, despite repeated
trials, had reached the Gardens alive, and a male Selous'
Antelope (Tragelaphus selousi). • In 1899 Mr. Rothschild
deposited under the Society's care a fine series of Casso-
waries, six of which were new to the Collection. A young
male Giraffe from South Africa was purchased for £800,
making a pair of this animal

The breeding list of 1899 contained the names of
twenty-five mammals, nine birds, and one reptile. The
number of animals in the Menagerie on December 31st
was 2,753, showing an increase of ninety-seven over the
corresponding period of the previous year.

On July 1st the Presidentship of the Society became
vacant by the death of Sir William Flower, who had filled
the office for more than twenty years. During this period
Sir William Flower had regularly occupied the Presi-
dential chair, and had been constantly engaged on
Committees and on other matters connected with the
Society's affairs. In Sir William Flower the Society lost
a zoologist of the highest ability, and a most able and
energetic President. To succeed him the Council selected



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Zoological Society of London. 245

His Grace The Duke of Bedford as President, and their
choice was confirmed at the Anniversary Meeting in 1900.

In 1899 Mr. F. E. Beddard, F.B.S., delivered a course
of eight popular lectures on Aquatic Mammals, in the
Lecture-room in the Gardens. A grant of £100 was made
towards the expenses of the ' Index Generum et Specierum
Animalium/

Early in this year Mr. Arthur Thomson, Head Keeper,
was made also Assistant Superintendent.

The income of 1899 amounted to £28,879, and the
expenditure to £29,420. The number of Fellows on
December 31st was 3,246, and the admissions to the
Gardens were 696,707.



1900.

President: His Gsace The Duke of Bedford.

Treasurer: Charles Drummond, Esq.

Secretary: P. L. Sclater, Esq., F.B.S.



In 1900 the most important* works executed at the
Gardens were the completion of the machinery for the
deep well, the construction of a second reservoir for water,
and the reconstruction of the roof of the Lion-house, with
larger skylights. The Pheasantry in the North Garden
was completed by the Garden staff, but was not opened
till the following year.

The list of species new to the Collection exhibited in
1900 contained fourteen mammals, thirty-two birds,
twenty-one reptiles, three batrachians, and two fishes.
The most important mammal was a Rocky Mountain
Goat (Haploceros montanus), believed to be the first living
specimen of this animal brought to Europe. Among the
new birds may be mentioned the Ural Owl (Syrnium
uralense), the Kose-collared Lorikeet (Trichoglossus rubri-



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246 A Short History of the

torques), the Caffre Bustard (Eupodotis caffra), the
Bouquet's Amazon (Chrysotis bouqueti), and a fine series
of Indian birds, presented by Mr. E. W. Harper, F.Z.S., of
Calcutta, comprising examples of twenty species, mostly
new to the Collection.

The breeding list of 1900 contained nineteen mammals,
twelve birds, and one reptile. Among these was the
Brindled Gnu (Connochcetes taurina) — the first instance of
this Antelope breeding in the Gardens. The number of
animals in the Menagerie on December 31st, 1900, was
2,865, showing an increase of 112 as compared with the
corresponding date of the previous year.

The Silver Medal of the Society was conferred in 1900
on the late Mr. John Ernest Matcham, C.M.Z.S., in
recognition of his many valuable donations to the
Menagerie. From the beginning of 1894 up to the end
of 1900 he had sent to the Society 525 African animals —
57 mammals, 48 birds, and 420 reptiles.

The Zoological Lectures of 1900 were delivered in the
Meeting-room, No. 3, Hanover Square, W., after the
General Meetings in April, May, June, and July, in the
following order : Dr. A. Smith Woodward (on the Animals
of Australia) ; Mr. G. A. Boulenger, F.B.S. (on the Fresh-
water Fishes of Africa) ; Prof. E. Bay Lankester, F.B.S.
(on the Gigantic Sloths of Patagonia ; and Mr. F. E.
Beddard, F.Z.S. (on Whales). Grants to the amount of
£350 were made in aid of science ; £200 to the funds of
the National Antarctic Expedition ; £100 to the expenses
of preparing the ' Index Generum et Specierum Ani-
malium ' ; and £50 in aid of the Expedition of Mr. J. S.
Budgett, F.Z.S., to the Gambia.

At the close of the century, the Staff at Hanover Square
consisted of the Secretary (P. L. Sclater, Esq., M.A.,
Ph.D., F.B.S.), the Vice-Secretary and Prosector (F. E.
Beddard, Esq., F.B.S.), an Accountant, a Librarian,
four clerks, and two messengers. The Garden Staff
consisted of the Superintendent and Assistant-superin-
tendent, one store-keeper, one head-gardener, one Pro-
sector's assistant, a Clerk of the Works, and a clerk in



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Zoological Society of London. 247

the office. There were also twenty-one keepers and three
money-takers — making thirty-one persons in all paid by
monthly salaries. Besides these there were twenty-one
helpers in the Menagerie, two butchers, two stokers, two
night watchmen, one cook, and one messenger paid by
weekly wages. On the Gardener's Staff there were one pro-
pagator, two assistant-propagators, and ten labourers. On
the Works Staff there were two carpenters, two bricklayers,
one smith, two wire- workers, one engine driver, one net-
worker, eleven painters, eleven labourers, and one time-
keeper — all at weekly wages, so that the number of the
Garden Staff might be reckoned at about 105.

The income of 1900 amounted to £28,772, and the
expenditure to £28,488. The number of Fellows on
December 31st, 1900, was 3,250, and the admissions to
the Gardens were 697,178.



VI.— LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF
THE SOCIETY FROM THE COMMENCEMENT.



PRESIDENTS.



1826. — Sir Stamford Raffles.

1827. — Henry, Marquess of Lansdowne, D.C.L., F.R.S.

1831. — Lord Stanley, afterwards Earl of Derby, K.G., D.C.L.

1851.— H.R.H. Prince Consort, K.G.

1862. — The Right Hon. Sir George Clerk, Bart., F.R.S.

1868. — Viscount Walden, F.R.S., afterwards Marquess of Tweeddale.

1879. — Professor William H. Flower, F.R.S., afterwards Sir

William H. Flower, K.C.B., F.R.S.
1899. — His Grace The Duke of Bedford, K.G.

TREASURERS.

1826.— Joseph Sabine, Esq., F.R.S.
1830. — James Morrison, Esq.
1831. — Charles Drummond, Esq.
1858. — Robert Drummond, Esq.
1881. — Charles Drummond, Esq.



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248 List of the Principal Officers.

SECRETARIES.

1826.— Nicholas A. Vigors, Esq., F.R.S.

1833. — Edward T. Bennett, Esq.

1836.— William Yarrell, Esq., F.L.S.

1838.— The Rev. John Barlow, F.R.S.

1839.— William Ogilby, Esq., F.L.S.

1847. — David W. Mitchell, Esq.

1859.— Philip Lutley Sclater, Esq., M.A., F.R.S.

VICE-SECRETARIES.

1826-28.— Dr. Thomas Horsfield.

1831-1833.— Edward P. Bennett, Esq.

1898. — Frank E. Beddard, Esq., F.R.S. (also Prosector).

ASSISTANT SECRETARIES.

1828. — Edward A. Johnson, Esq. (also Superintendent).
1829-1845.— William Rees, Esq.
1845-1847.— Charles S. Bompas, Esq.

PROSECTORS.

1865. — Dr. James Murie.
1872.— Alfred Henry Garrod, Esq.
1880. — William Alexander Forbes, Esq.
1884.— Frank E. Beddard, Esq., F.R.S.

SUPERINTENDENTS.

1828. — Edward A. Johnson (also Assistant Secretary).

1829. — Alexander Miller.

1852. — John Thompson.

1859. — Abraham Dee Bartlett.

1897. — Clarence Bartlett.

HEAD KEEPERS.

1827. — Devereux Fuller.
1843. — James Hunt.
1859. — James Thomson.
1869. — Benjamin MisselbrOok.

1889. — Arthur Thomson (appointed also Assistant Superintendent
in 1899).



LONDON : PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SOXS, LIMITED, STAMFOKD STREET
AND CHAKING CKOSS.



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